Oxidation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol catalyzed by tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate with different metal ıons in the presecence ofdifferent oxidants

Bu çalışmada demir-tetrafenilporfirin tetrasülfonat ([FeTSPP]) katalizörlüğündetert-bütil hidroperoksit (But OOH) veya hidrojen peroksit (H2O2 ) varlığında 2,4,6-triklorofenolün (TCP) oksidasyonu araştırılmıştır. Reaksiyonlar hacimce %10-15 su içeren metanol çözeltilerinde oda sıcaklığında yürütülmüş ve oksidasyonlar üzerine substrat, katalizör ve oksidant derişimlerinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Reaksiyon karışımlarının ürün bileşimleri GC-MS, nicel analizleri ise GC kullanılarak yapılmıştır. [FeTSPP] katalizörlüğünde TCP nin H2O2 ile oksidasyonunda en yüksek katalitik döngü sayısı (Turnover number, TON) ve katalitik döngü frekansı (Turnover frequency, TOF) 512,0 olarak katalizör:substrat:oksidant mol oranı 1:500:300 olan reaksiyon içinelde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kobalt-, nikel-, paladyum- ve bakırtetrafenilporfirin tetrasülfonatın TCP oksidasyonu için katalitik aktiviteleri incelenmiş ve bu yapıların katalitik aktivite göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Tekrar kullanılabilirliğini iyileştirmek amacıyla [FeTSPP],Amberlite IRA-900 reçinesine bağlanmış, ancak [FeTSPP]-IRA heterojen katalizörü ile yürütülen deneylerde TCP dönüşümünün azaldığı, optimum oksidasyon süresinin arttığı ve çevrim sayısının arttırılamadığı belirlenmiştir.In this study, the oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) catalyzed by iron-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate ([FeTSPP]) in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (But OOH) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) was investigated. The reactions were carried out in %10-15 of water in methanol solutions by volume at room temperature and the effects of the concentration of substrate, catalyst and oxidant on the outcome of the reactions were investigated. The product compositions of the reaction mixtures were identified using GC-MS and amounts of the products were calculated using GC chromatograms. When the catalyst:substrate:oxidant mole ratios were kept in 1:500:300 in the catalysis by [FeTSPP], the highest turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values of 512 were obtained with H2O2 . In addition, the catalytic activities of cobalt-, nickel-, paladium- and copper-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonates were investigigated for oxidation of TCP and it was determined that these structures did not show any activity. In order to improve recyclability of the catalyst, [FeTSPP] was bound to Amberlite IRA-900 resin. When the [FeTSPP]-IRA was used as a catalyst, it was determined that conversion of TCP decreased and optimum time increased for oxidation and also its recycling numbers did not increased

Theory of Constraints: A Literature Review

AbstractTheory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy which is focused on the weakest ring(s) in the chain to improve the performance of systems. Companies, whether they are in the production or service sector should be more focused on understanding their own structure in terms of processes to survive in a global competition. In this situation, TOC becomes an important problem structuring and solving methodology which changes the way of thinking of managers. Since the TOC first put forth by Goldratt (1984) in his novel The Goal, the theory has drawn wide attention from practitioners and academic researchers. This study provides a review of the TOC evolution literature by its five era; the optimized product technology era, the goal era, the haystack syndrome era, the it's not luck era and the critical chain era. Our search at historical background and basic concepts of TOC aims to see how this philosophy evolves through time and how the main point of TOC researches changes

Demographic change and operationalization of the landscape in tourism planning: Landscape perceptions of the Generation Z

This study focuses on Generation Z, which is one of the most intriguing groups in terms of the future of tourism. The research questions of this study focus on what the landscape components that attract the attention of Generation Z in a tourism destination embrace, and how this interest can be operationalized in the tourism planning of that destination. The research was designed with an interpretive approach as the perceptions regarding landscape will differ according to the social location of the tourists. On-site observation studies were conducted with volunteer members from Generation Z, data being collected, and then analyzed with content analysis. The main findings of the study are as follows: Generation Z members enjoy interacting with local residents at a destination; they find traditional architecture and everyday-life interesting; and morphology, one of the natural environmental characteristics, is fascinating to Generation Z. © 2022 Elsevier Lt

Becoming a part of the destination: a model for teaching tourism landscape

This paper seeks to explore the role of the experiential learning method in teaching tourism landscape. A model has been developed to teach tourism landscape through analysis on the basis of Kolb's experiential learning theory. The sample group consists of sixty-five high school students aged 14-18 years. The proposed model was designed in three parts using a mixed research design; fieldwork, qualitative analysis, and thematic mapping as the components of experiential learning. The results show that the experiential learning method is effective in teaching tourism landscape. Students understood the concept of the landscape. It has been proven that the teaching model developed to interpret the landscape and its three-dimensional components on maps are suitable. This study is important as it suggests a new approach that can be used in tourism education

Hotel Management Education With The Creative Drama Method: A Follow-Up Study

Purpose - The aim of this research is to determine if the creative drama method, which has been shown to be effective in hotel management education, is also effective when applied to another student group. Design - A quasi-experimental design was used in the hotel management course taught using the creative drama method and direct instruction. Methodology - The research onion model and a quantitative method were used. A pre-test, a post-test, retention tests, and an attitude scale towards the course were applied to both the control and experimental groups. The time horizon of the study is cross-sectional, as the study was carried out over a specific time period. In the research, data were collected with achievement tests with difference analyses being made. Approach - Based on the idea that information regarding the effectiveness of this method can only be accessed with data obtained by experimentation, a positivist approach is adopted. Findings - The creative drama method is effective in terms of academic success, retention of knowledge, and development of positive attitudes toward the course, even when applied to a different group of students. Originality of the research - The efficiency of the creative drama method in tourism education is not limited to the study group and is not random

Çocukluk Çağında Sorunlu Enfeksiyonlar

Tüberküloz her yaş için önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çocuklarda tüberküloz tanısı zor ve uğraştırıcıdır. Henüz çocukluk çağı tüberkülozunun tanısında kullanılabilecek güvenilirliği doğrulanmış bir standart tanı yöntemi ve biyobelirteç bulunmamaktadır. Tüberkülozun tanısında geliştirilecek yeni yöntemlerin minimum altyapı gereksinimine ihtiyaç duyulan, verimli, yeniden üretilebilir, uygun maliyetli olması hedeflenmelidir. Moleküler yöntemler ve daha az invaziv idrar ve dışkı örneklerinin yeni yöntemler kullanılarak test edilmesi çok umut vaat edicidir. Tüberküloz enfeksiyonu için mevcut immünodiyagnostik testlerin sınırlamalarının üstesinden gelmek için, daha fazla doğrulama çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.</p

Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanostructures Based on 4,4 '-Sulfonyldibenzoate for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes

Four new two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks, namely, [Zn-2(sdba)(2)(pbisopix)](n) (KLU-8) (KLU is referring to Kirklareli University), {[Cd-2(sdba)(2)(pbisopix)]center dot 2H(2)O}(n) (KLU-9), [Cd(sdba)(pbisopix)](n) (KLU-10), and [Cd-(sdba)(pbetix)](n) (KLU-11) have been synthesized using a V-shaped 4,4'-sulfonyldicarboxylic acid (H(2)sdba) as anionic and 1,4-bis((2-isopropylimidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (pbisopix) or 1,4-bis((2-ethylimidazol-1-yl)methyl) benzene (pbetix) as neutral ligands and characterized by various techniques. In KLU-8 and KLU-9, the {M-2(CO2)(4)} secondary building units (SBUs) are connected by sdba(2-), while in KLU-10 and KLU-11 Cd(II) ions bridged by sdba(2-) form a 2D structure of MOFs revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The topology of MOFs is found to be a 2D sql network. The synthesized MOFs are stable in aqueous medium up to 7 days. KLU-10 and KLU-11 were well-exfoliated via facile sonication process in 10 min, at room temperature, whereas, KLU-8 and KLU-9 showed poor exfoliation yield because of their interpenetrated structure according to the FESEM images. Furthermore, the surface area measurement also proved the exfoliation of MOFs; that is, the exfoliated samples exhibited higher surface area than that of bulk counterparts. The photocatalytic properties of exfoliated MOF nanostructures in the photodegradation of three organic dyes (methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB)) have been investigated under UV/vis irradiation. The photodegradation efficiencies of MO, MB, and RhB can reach almost 100% within 40 min, 59% within 60 min, and 66% within 60 min, respectively in the presence of MOF nanostructures as photocatalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant. The superior photocatalytic efficiency toward MO degradation of KLU-10 and KLU-11, might be attributed to the very high exfoliation yields of MOFs.Scientific Research Fund of Kirklareli University, Turkey [KLUBAP-197]We thank Dr. Mursel Arici for the DR/UV measurement and band gap calculation. We also thank Dr. Patrick Whitty for proofreading the manuscript. We acknowledge Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Sinop University, Turkey, for the use of the Bruker D8 QUEST diffractometer. This work was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Kirklareli University, Turkey (Project No. KLUBAP-197)

Reliability of balance evaluation using Pedalo®-Sensomove Balance device in healthy young individuals

Purpose: It is important to assess the integrity of the balance system to predict individual balance and coordination abilities. MarBES is a device consisting of 9 led scales and 4 pressure sensor systems developed to evaluate and improve balance and coordination as a TÜBİTAK 3001 project. Weight data is estimated from pressure sensors located in 4 different corners and a score is calculated with computer software for the individual\"s center of gravity (Centre of pressure X, Y) and the amount of deviation from the center for each axis.. The aim of this study is to examine the test-retest reliability of the MarBES device. Methods: Double-leg and single-leg (eyes open-closed) tests were applied to healthy young adult participants for balance testing on the MarBES device. Weight transfer to the target surface was measured for assessment of the participants coordination performance. Participants rested for 10 minutes and all measurements were repeated by the same evaluator. The obtained data were recorded and the reliability of the measurements was evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A total of 33 healthy young individuals (24 F; 9 M) with a mean age of 21±0.96 years were included in the study. In the correlation analysis, there was a strong correlation in all measurement parameters of the MarBES device except for X axis measurements of right leg (eyes open) and double leg eyes closed (p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: Objective evaluation of balance and coordination parameters is very important in rehabilitation. Resulde of the study showed that the MarBES device developed by the researchers is a reliable method for the evaluation of balance and coordination in healthy young individuals. Keywords: Balance, Coordination, Rehabilitation, Reliabilit