Evaluation of proptosis using image processing and analysis

Amaç: Proptozisli hastaların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntüleri üzerinde görüntü işleme ve analizle elde edilen antropometrik ölçümleri değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Geriye dönük olan bu çalışmada hastane kayıt sisteminde değerlendirilen 1-18 yaş arası çocukların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntüleri üzerinde ekzoftalmometre yapıldı. Proptozis olduğu belirlenmiş 17 hasta (hasta grubu) ile proptozis olmayan 17 hastanın (kontrol grubu) T2 ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntülerinden en net alınan aksiyel ve koronal kesitleri üzerinde 15 adet ant- ropometrik ölçüm yapıldı. Bu görüntüler Matlab yazılım programında analiz edildi. Her iki grubun analiz sonuçları birbirleri ile karşılaştırıldı. Analizlerde istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p≤0,05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Hasta grubu (9±5.65 yaş) (6 kız, 11 erkek) ve kontrol grubu (7.82±5.46 yaş) (7 kız, 10 erkek) arasında cinsiyet ve yaş açısından anlamlı farklılık gözlenmedi (sırasıyla p=0,360, p=0,734). Hastaların %82’sinde sağ gözde proptozis mevcuttu. Hasta grubunun ant - ropometrik ölçümleri ile kontrol grubunun antropometrik ölçümleri birbirleri ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz sonucuna göre hasta grupta göz küresinin arkası ile temporal kemik iç tabulası arasında ölçülen mesafenin her iki göz arasındaki farkı, her iki göz küresinin dış kenarının birbirlerine olan uzaklığı ve her iki göz küresi nazal sınırının frontal lob ve nazal septum anteriorunu birleştiren orta hatta olan uzak farkı anlamlı oranda daha yüksek; sağ göz lens kalınlık ölçümleri ise anlamlı oranda daha düşük saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,003, p=0,030, p=0,014 ve p=0,05). Sonuç: Orbital patolojileri olan hastaların orbita manyetik rezonans görüntülerinin görüntü işleme ve analizle yapılan antropometrik ölçümleri proptozisli hastalarda önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, bu konuda ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için temel bir çalışma işlevi görebilirObjectives: Evaluating the anthropometric measurements of patients with proptosis obtained by image processing and analysis on orbital magnetic resonance images. Material and Method: In this retrospective study, an exophthalmometer was performed on orbital magnetic resonance images of children aged 1-18 years, evaluated in the hospital registry system. Anthropometric measurements were performed on the most clearly obtained axial and coronal sections from T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of 17 patients (patient group) with proptosis (patient group) and 17 patients without proptosis (control group). These images were processed and analyzed in the Matlab software program. Analysis results of both groups were compared with each other. The statistical significance level was determined as p≤0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the patient group (9±5.65 years) and the control group (7.82±5.46 years) in terms of gender and age (p=0.360, p=0.734, respectively). Proptosis was present in the right eye in 82% of the patients. The anthropometric measurements of the patient group and the anthropometric measurements of the control group were statistically compared with each other. According to statistical analysis, the difference between two distances measured from the back of both globs to the temporal bone inner tabula, the distance of the outer border of both globs to each other and the difference between the distances from the nasal border of the globs to the midline connecting the frontal lobe and anterior nasal septum were found to be significantly higher; whereas lenticular thickness of right eyes were measured significantly lower in the patient group. (p=0.003, p=0.030, p=0.014, p=0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements performed by image processing and analysis of orbital magnetic resonance images of patients with orbital pathologies showed significant differences in patients with proptosis. This study can serve as a basic study for future studies on this subject

Water-wastewater resources based on river basins in Turkey and urban wastewater treatment potential

Bu makalenin başlıca amacı ülkenin su ve atıksu ile ilgili konularda mevcut durumunu tanımlayarak, sürdürülebilir su ve atıksu yönetimi çabalarına katkıda bulunmaktır. Çalışmada, ülkenin çevre sorunlarının incelenmesi açısından en uygun değerlendirme boyutunu oluşturması nedeni ile su havzaları esas alınmıştır. Her bir havzanın özelliği, coğrafik yapılarına, iklim koşullarına, endüstriyel faaliyet yoğunluklarına, kıyı şeridine olan uzaklıklarına ve Büyükşehir Belediyesi sınırları içinde yer almalarına bağlı olarak birbirinden farklı bulunmuştur. Veri eksiklikleri ve/veya elde edilen bilgilerin güvenilir olmaması ile birlikte, söz konusu veri tabanlarının farklı devlet kuruluşları bünyesinde dağınık olarak bulunması, sürdürülebilir su ve atıksu yönetimini iyileştirme ve yeniden düzenleme konusundaki çalışmaları oldukça zorlaştırmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sürdürülebilir su ve atıksu yönetimi, Türkiye’nin nehir havzaları, kentsel atıksu arıtma tesisleri, su kaynakları.Sustainable wastewater management can only be promoted when the existing situation is well defined. It also necessitates the investigation of the national monitoring and control acts, as without an idea on the national water and wastewater policies it is very hard to establish a healthy and satisfactory management strategy. As a rapidly developing country, Turkey faces certain difficulties in having a well-organized and systematic database concerning especially infrastructure facilities. The major objective of this paper is to identify the prevailing situation of water and wastewater issues to promote sustainable water and wastewater management efforts in Turkey. For that purpose, a detailed data inventory followed by the evaluation of the existing urban wastewater treatment facilities was conducted. The study was solely based on the river basins of the country as basin wide approaches seem to be the most convenient scale to deal with such environmental issues. The characteristics of each basin were found to vary from each other, mainly due to the variations in geographical structure, climatic conditions, the intensity of industrial activities, proximity to the coastlines, and locations within the boundaries of Greater Municipalities. Lack of information and/or reliance on available data together with data scattered among various governmental organizations made the study of improving and re-establishing a sustainable water and wastewater management strategy for the country rather difficult.Keywords: Sustainable water and wastewater management, Turkish river basins, urban wastewater treatment plants, water resources

Determination of systemic and local causes of orbital proptosis diagnosed by neuroradiological modalities

Purpose: To determine the demographic and etiological characteristics in patients with orbital proptosis diagnosed by neuroimaging studies. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed neuroradiological images taken in the obtained during 11-years period (between January, 2009 and July, 2020) by extracting from in the hospital information system. Record system were analyzed retrospectively. An exophthalmometer was performed on the orbital images. The patients diagnosed as orbital proptosis with available clinical and histological data were included in the study. Results: The study included 167 patients (including 30 pediatric patients). It was found that the most common cause of orbital proptosis was inflammatory diseases of orbit, namely orbital cellulitis in children and thyroid orbitopathy in adults; followed by the primary benign tumors of orbit. Among the malignant tumors, primary orbital tumors were more common in children whereas secondary orbital tumors extending from the systemic or local regions were more common in adults. Bilateral proptosis was found in 43.1% of all cases. It was observed that the numbers of systemic (69 cases, 50.3%) and local diseases causing proptosis (68 cases, 49.6%) were comparable in adults while the local diseases causing proptosis (28 cases, 93.3%) were more common than systemic diseases causing proptosis (2 cases, 6.6%) in children. Conclusion: It was found that there was both local and systemic causes of orbital proptosis including those can threaten vision and life. The knowledge of etiological reasons in this series will assist the clinician in assessment of orbital proptosis detected at presentation in patients living in the same geography, ensuring early diagnosis and treatment

Kuruluşundan günümüze Ted Ankara Koleji Bandosu

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Ünsal, Mehmet Süha