Evaluation of the Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Causality Relationship Between Bitcoin Energy Consumption and Stock Values of Technology Companies

Energy production is a phenomenon that has always preserved its importance for the history of humanity, as well as where the energy is spent and its consumption are also important. This study examined the causality relationship between Bitcoin energy consumption and Apple, Dell Technologies, Lenova Group, HP, Quanta Computer, Compal Electronics, Canon, Wistron and Hewlett Packard Enterprise has been taken into account to represent technology companies’ stock market. In the analysis, daily price data for the period 12.02.2017-07.02.2021 were used. Toda-Yamamoto (1995) symmetric causality test and Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test were used for used to determine the relationship between Bitcoin energy consumption and technology companies’ stock values. According to the results of the Toda-Yamamoto (1995) causality test, it has been found that there is a causality from Bitcoin energy consumption to Apple's stock value; according to the Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test results, it has been determined that there is a causality from Bitcoin energy consumption positive shocks to Apple, Dell Technologies, Lenova Group, HP, Quanta Computer, Compal Electronics, Canon, Wistron and Hewlett Packard Enterprise stock values negative shocks and from Bitcoin energy expenditure negative shocks to Hewlett Packard Enterprise negative shocks. According to the results of the study in general, it is seen that the change in Bitcoin energy consumption has an effect on the firm returns of the companies that sell the necessary tools for bitcoin energy production. From this, it can be commented that bitcoin mining is also effective on the stock returns of technology companies as well as many financial factors

The Psychological Status in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in Turkish Population

Svrha rada bila je ispitati odnos između psihološkog statusa i boli kod pacijenata s temporomandibularnim poremećajima (TMP-om) u Izmiru, u Turskoj. Materijal i metode: Stotinu dvadeset i troje pacijenata s TMP-om (102 žene prosječne dobi 31,31±12,58) i 21 muškarac ( prosječne dobi 39,52±15,3)) upućeni su u Zavod za protetiku Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta Ege i svima je uzeta povijest bolesti. Postavljena im je dijagnoza na temelju kliničkih nalaza, a zapisane su i pritužbe na bol. Psihološki status ocijenjen je uz pomoć Symptom Checkliste 90-R (SCL-90-R). Nakon toga su podaci statistički analizirani (Studentovim t-testom, jednosmjernoma ANOVA-om i hi-kvadratom α=0,05). Rezultati: Ukupno je bilo 70 pacijenata (14 muškaraca -20 % i 56 žena -80 %) s dijagnozom mišićnih poremećaja. Osamdeset pet pacijenata (69,1 %) s pritužbama na bol, znatno je koreliralo sa somatizacijom (p=0,020). Vrijednosti za depresiju iz podljestvica testa SCL-90-R od pacijenata s pomaknutim zglobnim diskom, bili su jako visoki (p=0,023). Većina pacijenata s TMP-om u turskoj populaciji bila je ženskoga spola, kao što je to slučaj i u drugim populacijama. Rezultati psihološke evaluacije upozorili su na visoku pojavnost somatizacije (p=0,039). Zaključak: Pacijenti s pomakom zglobnoga diska pokazali su visoku razinu depresije. Kako bi se dobili podaci za širu populaciju, trebalo bi obaviti multicentrično istraživanje.Objective: To examine the relationship between psychological status and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Izmir, Turkey. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty-three TMD patients (102 women (mean age 31.31±12.58), 21 men (mean age 39.52±15.3)) referred to Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics. A history of pain was asked to all patients. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical examination and the complaint of pain was recorded. Psychological status was assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed statistically. (Student t-test, One-way ANOVA and Chi-Square, α=0.05) Results: In a total of 70 patients (14 males (20%), and 56 females (80%), muscle disorders were involved (56.9%). Twenty-two females (17.9%) were diagnosed having disc displacement. Eighty-five patients (69.1%) referred with the complaint of pain which was significantly correlated to somatization (p=0.020). The depression values from subscales of SCL-90-R of the disc displacement diagnosed patients were significantly high (p=0.023). The majority of the patients referred with TMD in Turkish population were women, as seen in other populations. The psychological evaluation results revealed high somatization (p=0.039). Conclusion: Patients with disc displacement exhibited high depression levels. For data on greater populations, a multicenter study model is required

Fuzzy portfolio optimization with tax, transaction cost and investment amount: a developing country case

The socioeconomic or political structures of countries and investment costs play a crucial role in investor decisions, especially in developing countries where the environment is unstable. In this regard, fuzzy models that consider the investment amount and cost may enable making more realistic decisions rather than the deterministic models used in portfolio optimization (PO). Hence, the objective of this paper is to examine the effects of the environment, investment amount and cost on PO in a politically, socially and economically unstable environment. Konno-Yamazaki PO model was fuzzified by adopting fuzzy linear programming (FLP) approaches of Verdegay and Werners for this purpose. Afterward, extended models were created. To do that, investment amount, tax and transaction costs were integrated into the return constraint of the fuzzified models. Mean-Variance Model (MVM) of Markowitz was also used for comparatively interpreting the results of the optimization. Results show that the fuzzified models based on Verdegay and Werners FLP approaches can be suggested as a decision-making tool, respectively for risk-averse and risk-taker investors. The extended models provide much better results compared to the fuzzified models. On the other hand, they are not more successful than the MVM in an unstable environment but the stable environment. The main contributions are onsidering political, social and economic events in the optimization, comparatively analyzing fuzzified Konno-Yamazaki model with its extended versions and the MVM, investigating the relationship between optimization models and investor types.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with sustained and switching treatments using biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with different disease activity grades. Several registries have been designed to determine the appropriate regimens of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to obtain sustained clinical remission. We examined epidemiological and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients using a clinical registry database (BioSTaR) and analyzed the differences in patients with sustained and switched therapies. Methods A multicenter, observational cross-sectional study for rheumatoid arthritis was performed between February 2019 and September 2020 using the BioStaR-RA registry. Demographic and clinical characteristics were prospectively recorded into a specifically designed electronic database. The patients were divided into three groups due to the heterogeneity of the study cohort. Patients were grouped as Group I (Initial; within the first 6 months of treatment with biological/targeted synthetic drugs), Group ST (Sustained Treatment; any first drug lasting for at least 6 months without any change), and Group S (Switch; any switching to another drug). Comparative analysis was performed between sustained treatment (Group ST) and drug switching (Group S) groups. Results The study included a total of 565 patients. The mean age was 53.7 +/- 12.8 years, and the majority were female (80.4%). There were 104, 267, and 194 patients in Groups I, ST, and S, respectively. Erosive arthritis and hematological extra-articular involvement were more frequently detected in Group S than Group ST (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001). The patients in Group S had significantly higher disease activity scores (DAS28-CRP, CDAI, and SDAI) (p = 0.025, p = 0.010, and p = 0.003). There were significantly more patients with moderate disease activity in Group S (p < 0.05). Conclusions The groups with sustained treatment and switching included patients with different disease activity status, although higher disease activity was determined in switchers. Overall, moderate disease activity and remission were the most common disease activity levels. Lower disease activity scores, lower hematologic manifestations, better functional status, and lesser radiographic damage are associated with sustained treatment.Turkish Medicine and Medical Devices Agency ; Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanes

The regime of participation in acquired property

YÖK Tez ID: 5321094721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanunu'nun aile hukukumuza getirdiği en büyük yeniliklerden biri edinilmiş mallara katılma rejimidir. Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejiminde, eşlerin evlilik süresince edindiği mallara katılmaları esası kabul edilmiştir. Bu rejimde çeşitli mal grupları vardır. Bunlar edinilmiş mal ve kişisel maldır. Edinilmiş mal, mal rejimi süresince karşılığını vererek elde edilen maldır. Buna karşılık, kişisel malın tanımı kanunda yapılmamış; sadece nelerin kişisel mal olduğu sınırlayıcı bir şekilde sayılmıştır. Kişisel mallar tasfiyede hesaba katılmazlar. Çalışmamızın amacı; genel olarak mal rejimi türlerini tanıtmak, yasal mal rejimini ve rejimin temel kavramlarını açıklamak, rejimin malvarlıkları üzerinde ne gibi etkileri olacağını irdelemek, rejim sona erdiğinde tasfiyenin nasıl yapılacağını ve bu aşamada ortaya çıkan sorunları göstermektir. Edinilmiş Mallara Katılma Rejiminin yürürlüğe girişinin üzerinden on altı yıl geçmesine rağmen; bunun tam olarak sağlandığını söylemek güçtür. Zira, bu tür davalarda gereksiz delillere başvurularak ve yersiz keşifler yapılarak usul ekonomisine aykırılıklar sürüp gitmektedir. Özellikle, evliliğin boşanma nedeniyle sona ermesinde bu tür davalar daha uzun sürmektedir. Oysaki, eski eşleri uzun yıllar karşı karşıya getirmek yeni yaşamlarında kendilerini rahatsız etmekte ve bundan eşlerin çevreleri de zarar görmektedir. Bu tez, bahsedilen sakıncaları da giderme amacı taşımaktadır. Tez çalışmamızda ulaşılan sonuç ise; 4721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanunu ile getirilen edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminin mülga kanun dönemindeki eşler arasındaki haksızlıkları büyük ölçüde giderdiği, fakat Kanun'da boşluklar bulunması sebebiyle yasal mal rejiminin uygulanmasında sorunlar çıktığı ve bu sorunların Kanun Koyucunun boşlukları doldurarak gidermesi gerektiğidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Edinilmiş mallara katılma rejimi, edinilmiş mallar, kişisel mallar, mal rejimi, artık değer.The Regime of Participation in Acquired Property which has been introduced to The Family Law in the Turkish Civil Code numbered 4721 is one of the biggest innovations In The Regime of Participation in Acquired Property ,it was accepted as the basis for the participation of spouses during their marriage. There are various property groups in this regime. They are acquired property and personal property. Acquired Property is the property obtained by giving the compansate of its value during the period of the property. On the other hand, the definition of the personal property was not prescribed by law; It is only limited counted to what the personal property is. Personal Properties are not taken into account in liquidation. The Purpose of Our Study is; to introduce the types of property regimes in general, to state legal property regime and the basic concept of the regime, to investigate what kind of effects of the regime on properties, when regime is over how the liquidation will be done and points out the problems that arise at this stage. Despite the fact that sixteen years have passed since The Regime of The Participation in Acquired Property; it is difficult to say fully be satisfied. Even in such cases, by unnecessary evidence being done and unexpected discoveries being done, the contradictions to the database persists. Especially, when the marriage ends with divorcing, such cases lasts longer than expected. However, bringing ex-spouses to confront for many years disturbs them in their new life, and the spouse of their circles are also getting harm. This thesis, is aiming to remove the inconvenient situations whichwas mentioned. The result reached in our thesis study is; It is stated that The Regime of Participation in Acquired Property which was introduced by the Turkish Civil Code numbered 4721 removed the injustice among the spouses to a large extent which was seen the injustice among the spouses during The Annulled Code; because of having gaps in the law, there are problems in the implementation of the legal property regime and these problems must be removed by filling in the gaps of the Law Enforcement. Key Words : The Regime of Participation in Acquired Property, Acquired Property, Personal Property, Property Regime, surplus value

5 yaş çocuklar için kendini yönetme davranışı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi

ÖZETBu araştırmada, 5 yaş çocuklar için Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’ni geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda çocuğun kendini yönetme davranışının; ailedeki çocuk sayısına, ailede kaçıncı çocuk olduğuna, çocuğun bakımında anneye yardımcı birinin varlığına, anneye yardımcı olan kişiye, aile içinde yaşayan akrabaya, annenin ve babanın eğitim durumuna ve annenin çalışma durumuna göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına da bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 390 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Bu araştırmada 12 maddelik kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır.Kendini Yönetme Davranışı ölçeği, alan yazın, araştırmacı ve uzmanların görüşleri doğrultusunda başlangıçta 53 maddeden oluşmuş, yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda 40 maddeye indirgenmiştir. Betimleyici analiz aşamasında çalışmaya katılan 390 çocuğun Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’nden elde ettiği puanların ortalaması 72.98, standart sapması ise 16.92 dir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin Cronbach Alfa katsayısının ,90 (p< ,001), Split-Halves katsayısının ,88 ( p< ,001) olduğu görülmüştür.Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin değeri ,50’nin üstünde olması nedeniyle çalışma grubunun büyüklüğünün faktör analizi yapmaya uygun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bartlestt’s test sonucu ,001 düzeyinde anlamlı sonuç vermiş ve faktör analizine geçilmiştir. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçek 7 alt boyuttan (Kendine ve Çevresine Özen Gösterme, Özbakım/Giyinme, Kendini İfade Etme, Kişiler Arası İletişim, Özbakım/Temizlik, Yetişkinden Ayrılma ve Acil Durumlarla Başedebilme, Kendini ve Eşyalarını Koruma) oluşmaktadır. Alt boyutların kendi içinde güvenirliğini hesaplamak için Cronbach Alfa katsayısı ve test tekrar test analizleri sonucunda alt boyutların kendi içinde güvenilir olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Madde analizi işlemlerinde madde güvenirlik ve geçerlik (ayırt edicilik) indekslerinin hesaplanması yapılmıştır. Bütün soruların ayırt edicilik indeksleri anlamlı çıkmıştır. Ayrıca ölçek 39 çocuğa 2 hafta ara ile iki kez uygulanarak, elde edilen verilerle test-tekrar test analizi sonucunda korelasyon değeri oldukça yüksek tespit edilmiştir (r =.89, p<.01 ). Yapılan analizler sonucunda Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’nin güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu söylenebilir. Demografik bilgiler dikkate alındığında; babanın eğitim durumu yükseldikçe, aile içinde yaşayan akrabanın olmaması durumunda ve anne dışında çocuğun bakımı ile ilgilenen başka birinin olmaması durumunda çocuğun kendini yönetme davranışını gösterme düzeyinin arttığı görülmektedir.ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study is to develop a Self-Management Behavior Scale (SMBS) for 5-year-old children. In accordance with this purpose, the self-management behaviors of these children are also examined whether there is a significant differences in terms of several demographic characteristics, such as the number of children in family, the order of the child participating in the study, the presence of another adult person assisting mother while taking care of child, the type of this adult person (e.g., grand father, grand mother, aunt, etc), relatives living with family, mother’s and father’s education level, and mother’s education level. 390 children are the participants of the study. A twelve-item personal information questionnaire is implemented. The SMBS includes 53 items in the light of literature review and expert opinions initially; after several factor analyses, the number of items is reduced to 40. For descriptive analyses, 390 children’s mean and standard deviations scores stemmed from the SMBS are 72.98 and 16.92 respectively. The Cronbach Alpha and Split-Halves indices indicating the reliability of the SMBS are .90 (p < .001) and .88 (p < .001). Since Keiser-Meyer-Olkin test yields a value higher than .50, the current data of the study is found appropriate to factor analysis. Barlestt’s test is also indicated a significant result. Factor analysis is applied to the data. After the factor analysis, the scale consists of seven sub-factors, which are (a) Thoughtfulness to Self And Surroundings, (b) Self-care/Dressing, (c) Expressing Self-Thoughts, (d) Inter-Personal Communication, (e) Self-Care/Cleanliness, (f) Separation from Adult and Coping with Urgent Situations, and (g) Protect Self and Belongings. Each sub-factor are also examined for their reliability by applying Cronbach Alpha internal consistency and test-retest techniques, and the results confirm that all sub-factors are reliable. Item analysis is also applied to examine item reliability and validity (discrimination) indices. The discrimination indeces of all items are found significant. The scale is also applied to 39 children at two different occasions in a month peroid, and the correlation analysis is applied for test-retest technique. The correlation analysis yields a very high, positive, and significant result (r = .89, p < .01) indicating high reliability. After all these analyses specific to scale development, it can be stated that the SMBS has sufficient reliability and validity. When the demographic characteristives are considered with the SMBS, the high education level of father, the absence of any relatives in family, and the absence of another adult person responsible for taking care of the child increase the children’s self-management behaviors

Edinilmiş mallara katılma rejimi

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi120112

5 yaş çocuklar için kendini yönetme davranışı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi

Bu araştırmada, 5 yaş çocuklar için Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’ni geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda çocuğun kendini yönetme davranışının; ailedeki çocuk sayısına, ailede kaçıncı çocuk olduğuna, çocuğun bakımında anneye yardımcı birinin varlığına, anneye yardımcı olan kişiye, aile içinde yaşayan akrabaya, annenin ve babanın eğitim durumuna ve annenin çalışma durumuna göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığına da bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 390 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Bu araştırmada 12 maddelik kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Kendini Yönetme Davranışı ölçeği, alan yazın, araştırmacı ve uzmanların görüşleri doğrultusunda başlangıçta 53 maddeden oluşmuş, yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda 40 maddeye indirgenmiştir. Betimleyici analiz aşamasında çalışmaya katılan 390 çocuğun Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’nden elde ettiği puanların ortalaması 72.98, standart sapması ise 16.92 dir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin Cronbach Alfa katsayısının ,90 (p< ,001), Split-Halves katsayısının ,88 ( p< ,001) olduğu görülmüştür. Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin değeri ,50’nin üstünde olması nedeniyle çalışma grubunun büyüklüğünün faktör analizi yapmaya uygun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bartlestt’s test sonucu ,001 düzeyinde anlamlı sonuç vermiş ve faktör analizine geçilmiştir. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçek 7 alt boyuttan (Kendine ve Çevresine Özen Gösterme, Özbakım/Giyinme, Kendini İfade Etme, Kişiler Arası İletişim, Özbakım/Temizlik, Yetişkinden Ayrılma ve Acil Durumlarla Başedebilme, Kendini ve Eşyalarını Koruma) oluşmaktadır. Alt boyutların kendi içinde güvenirliğini hesaplamak için Cronbach Alfa katsayısı ve test tekrar test analizleri sonucunda alt boyutların kendi içinde güvenilir olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Madde analizi işlemlerinde madde güvenirlik ve geçerlik (ayırt edicilik) indekslerinin hesaplanması yapılmıştır. Bütün soruların ayırt edicilik indeksleri anlamlı çıkmıştır. Ayrıca ölçek 39 çocuğa 2 hafta ara ile iki kez uygulanarak, elde edilen verilerle test-tekrar test analizi sonucunda korelasyon değeri oldukça yüksek tespit edilmiştir (r =.89, p<.01 ). Yapılan analizler sonucunda Kendini Yönetme Davranışı Ölçeği’nin güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu söylenebilir. Demografik bilgiler dikkate alındığında; babanın eğitim durumu yükseldikçe, aile içinde yaşayan akrabanın olmaması durumunda ve anne dışında çocuğun bakımı ile ilgilenen başka birinin olmaması durumunda çocuğun kendini yönetme davranışını gösterme düzeyinin arttığı görülmektedir. ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study is to develop a Self-Management Behavior Scale (SMBS) for 5-year-old children. In accordance with this purpose, the self-management behaviors of these children are also examined whether there is a significant differences in terms of several demographic characteristics, such as the number of children in family, the order of the child participating in the study, the presence of another adult person assisting mother while taking care of child, the type of this adult person (e.g., grand father, grand mother, aunt, etc), relatives living with family, mother’s and father’s education level, and mother’s education level. 390 children are the participants of the study. A twelve-item personal information questionnaire is implemented. The SMBS includes 53 items in the light of literature review and expert opinions initially; after several factor analyses, the number of items is reduced to 40. For descriptive analyses, 390 children’s mean and standard deviations scores stemmed from the SMBS are 72.98 and 16.92 respectively. The Cronbach Alpha and Split-Halves indices indicating the reliability of the SMBS are .90 (p < .001) and .88 (p < .001). Since Keiser-Meyer-Olkin test yields a value higher than .50, the current data of the study is found appropriate to factor analysis. Barlestt’s test is also indicated a significant result. Factor analysis is applied to the data. After the factor analysis, the scale consists of seven sub-factors, which are (a) Thoughtfulness to Self And Surroundings, (b) Self-care/Dressing, (c) Expressing Self-Thoughts, (d) Inter-Personal Communication, (e) Self-Care/Cleanliness, (f) Separation from Adult and Coping with Urgent Situations, and (g) Protect Self and Belongings. Each sub-factor are also examined for their reliability by applying Cronbach Alpha internal consistency and test-retest techniques, and the results confirm that all sub-factors are reliable. Item analysis is also applied to examine item reliability and validity (discrimination) indices. The discrimination indeces of all items are found significant. The scale is also applied to 39 children at two different occasions in a month peroid, and the correlation analysis is applied for test-retest technique. The correlation analysis yields a very high, positive, and significant result (r = .89, p < .01) indicating high reliability. After all these analyses specific to scale development, it can be stated that the SMBS has sufficient reliability and validity. When the demographic characteristives are considered with the SMBS, the high education level of father, the absence of any relatives in family, and the absence of another adult person responsible for taking care of the child increase the children’s self-management behaviors

Determining Strategy Based Supplier Pre-Qualification Criteria With Fuzzy Relational Maps

Supplier Selection is one of the most studied areas in management and decision sciences. However, it is still a highly problematic subject since decision-makers take an educated guess after a certain stage in real life practices. In order to overcome the problems, decision makers should focus their attention on the first stage of the selection process, criteria determination, as the quality of the selection phase heavily depends on the first stage. Additionally, strategic fitness in supplier selection is also not much considered in the literature and real life practices. However, looking for conformity of supplying organizations with corporate strategies of buying organization is crucial for the success and leadership of the buying organization. Therefore, this paper intends to determine the most influential corporate strategy based supplier pre-qualification criteria. Data acquisition phase of the Delphi technique was used for determining criteria and fuzzy relational maps was used for relating criteria with corporate strategies. All data were collected from a global Tier-1 manufacturing company in the automotive industry. The results show that the most important strategy based criteria were mainly about organizational and managerial characteristics of the company. Cost and price, which are considered very important in the literature and in real life practices, were determined as moderately important in strategic context. Companies need to focus their attention on criteria such as technical qualification of employees, continuous improvement systems, and communication abilities when pre-qualifying suppliers

The Psychological Status in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in Turkish Population

Svrha rada bila je ispitati odnos između psihološkog statusa i boli kod pacijenata s temporomandibularnim poremećajima (TMP-om) u Izmiru, u Turskoj. Materijal i metode: Stotinu dvadeset i troje pacijenata s TMP-om (102 žene prosječne dobi 31,31±12,58) i 21 muškarac ( prosječne dobi 39,52±15,3)) upućeni su u Zavod za protetiku Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta Ege i svima je uzeta povijest bolesti. Postavljena im je dijagnoza na temelju kliničkih nalaza, a zapisane su i pritužbe na bol. Psihološki status ocijenjen je uz pomoć Symptom Checkliste 90-R (SCL-90-R). Nakon toga su podaci statistički analizirani (Studentovim t-testom, jednosmjernoma ANOVA-om i hi-kvadratom α=0,05). Rezultati: Ukupno je bilo 70 pacijenata (14 muškaraca -20 % i 56 žena -80 %) s dijagnozom mišićnih poremećaja. Osamdeset pet pacijenata (69,1 %) s pritužbama na bol, znatno je koreliralo sa somatizacijom (p=0,020). Vrijednosti za depresiju iz podljestvica testa SCL-90-R od pacijenata s pomaknutim zglobnim diskom, bili su jako visoki (p=0,023). Većina pacijenata s TMP-om u turskoj populaciji bila je ženskoga spola, kao što je to slučaj i u drugim populacijama. Rezultati psihološke evaluacije upozorili su na visoku pojavnost somatizacije (p=0,039). Zaključak: Pacijenti s pomakom zglobnoga diska pokazali su visoku razinu depresije. Kako bi se dobili podaci za širu populaciju, trebalo bi obaviti multicentrično istraživanje.Objective: To examine the relationship between psychological status and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Izmir, Turkey. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty-three TMD patients (102 women (mean age 31.31±12.58), 21 men (mean age 39.52±15.3)) referred to Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics. A history of pain was asked to all patients. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical examination and the complaint of pain was recorded. Psychological status was assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed statistically. (Student t-test, One-way ANOVA and Chi-Square, α=0.05) Results: In a total of 70 patients (14 males (20%), and 56 females (80%), muscle disorders were involved (56.9%). Twenty-two females (17.9%) were diagnosed having disc displacement. Eighty-five patients (69.1%) referred with the complaint of pain which was significantly correlated to somatization (p=0.020). The depression values from subscales of SCL-90-R of the disc displacement diagnosed patients were significantly high (p=0.023). The majority of the patients referred with TMD in Turkish population were women, as seen in other populations. The psychological evaluation results revealed high somatization (p=0.039). Conclusion: Patients with disc displacement exhibited high depression levels. For data on greater populations, a multicenter study model is required