Bioactive Properties, Fatty Acid Composition and Mineral Contents of Grape Seed and Oils

The oil content of grape seed samples changed between 4.53% (Adakarası) and 11.13% (Sauvignon blanc). While the linoleic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 47.34% (Sangiovese) to 72.91% (Cinsaut), the oleic acid contents varied between 13.35% (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 26.30% (Sangiovese) (p < 0.05). Also, the palmitic acid and stearic acid contents of grape seed oils ranged from 7.15% (Cinsaut) to 16.06% (Sangiovese) and from 2.43% (Narince) to 6.55% (Sangiovese) respectively (p < 0.05). The flavonoid contents of the seeds changed between 263.53 (mg CE/g) and 1 706.00 (mg CE/g) (Cabernet Sauvignon). Total phenols were found to be between 6 711.14 (mg GA/g extract) (Sangiovese) and 8 818.69 (mg GA/g extract) (Narince). The linoleic contents of oils changed from between 47.34% (Sangiovese) and 72.91% (Cinsaut). The K contents of the grape seed samples changed between 4 347.80 mg/kg (Cabernet Sauvignon) and 9 492.60 mg/kg (Gamay) (p < 0.05). The Fe contents of seeds were found to be between 29.96 mg/kg (Narince) and 73.82 mg/kg (Sangiovese). As a result, the current study shows that grape seeds are useful for human nutrition due to their components

Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Mineral Contents of Seedless Parts and Seeds of Grapes

In this study, phenolic compounds, minerals, total flavonoids, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the seedless parts (pulp+skin) and seeds of table and wine grapes were determined. Also, the total oil, tocopherol contents and fatty acid composition of seed oils of table and wine grapes were investigated. The highest total phenolic content of the grape pulp was found in Trakya ilkeren (199.063mg/100 g), while total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of the pulp was determined at a high level in Red Globe (6.810 mg/g, 90.948%). Antioxidant activity, and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of grape seeds varied between 86.688 and 90.974%, 421.563 and 490.625 mg GAE/100 g, and 90.595 and 145.595 mg/g respectively (p < 0.05). Generally, the main phenolic compounds of all grape pulps and seeds were gallic acid, 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. In addition, the oil contents of grape seeds ranged from 5.275 (Çavuş) to 13.881% (Çınarlı karası) (p < 0.05). The major fatty acids of grape seed oils were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid. The seed oil of the Trakya ilkeren variety was rich in tocopherols in comparison with the other varieties. The major minerals of both the seedless parts and the seeds were determined as K, Ca, P, S, Mg

Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status, body weight gain, and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirtytwo rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng kg 1 BW per day; the third group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg kg 1 BW per day. The fourth group (TCDD þ CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney, and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain, and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment. In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity induced by subchronic TCDD exposure

Determination of nuclear dna content and ploidy of some bromus l. Germplasm by flow cytometery

The objective of this study was to determine nuclear DNA content and ploidy of 48 Bromus L. gene bank accessions obtained from USDA by flow cytometry. Based on the results of the flow cytometric analysis, the mean 2C nuclear DNA content of Bromus accessions used in the study varied between 11.43 pg with 26.62 pg. The nuclear DNA content differences among Bromus L. accessions were statistically significant at P<0.01 level. The accessions were easily separated into three distinct groups according to their DNA contents. The mean 2C nuclear DNA content of the groups were 11.82, 22.43 and 26.17 pg (min. and max. values of group were between 11.43–12.65 pg, 21.45–22.77 pg, 25.48–26.62 pg, respectively). Nuclear DNA content of the accessions were correlated with their ploidy levels by counting chromosomes of the one plant from each group with classical staining methods. In conclusion, majority of the Bromus accessions (33 out of 48) analysed in the study were tetraploid with 2n=4x=28 chromosomes. Ten and five of the remaining accessions were octaploid (2n=8x=56) and (2n=10x=70) decaploids, respectively. No decaploid B. inermis plant reported until today. However, decaploids were reported for B. riparius and B. biebersteini species. Therefore, decaploid plants determined in this study should be considered as either B. riparius or B. biebersteini. © 2020, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.TOVAG-111O654This study was supported by a TUBITAK Grant (TOVAG-111O654)

Bilaretal Complex Regional Pain Syndrome After Bilateral Calcaneal Fractures: Case Report

Summary Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful complication of a fracture, surgery, or other type of injury. Currently KBAS is categorized as CRPS-1 when no clear nerve injury is defined, and CRPS -2 when associated with clear nevre injury. Central and peripheral theory have been reported in etiopathogenesis of CRPS -1. Generally, it occurs in the injured limb but, it may ocur in the opposite extremities. İn this article, we have presented a case developing bilateral CRPS -1 after bilateral calcaneal fracture. (Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2010;16:38-40

Protective effects of curcumin on antioxidant status, body weight gain, and reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on antioxidant status, body weight (BW) gains, and some reproductive parameters in male rats exposed to subchronic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Thirtytwo rats were divided into four groups. The first group was kept as control. The second group (TCDD group) was given TCDD at a dose of 50 ng kg 1 BW per day; the third group (CUR group) was treated with CUR at a dose of 80 mg kg 1 BW per day. The fourth group (TCDD þ CUR group) was given TCDD and CUR at the same doses simultaneously. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the TCDD group. In addition, TCDD exposure decreased liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activities of kidney and brain, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities of liver, kidney, and brain, and glutathione levels of liver, kidney, and heart. However, CUR treatment with TCDD exposure decreased MDA levels in all tissues and increased SOD activities of liver, kidney, and brain, CAT activity of heart, and GSH-Px activities of heart and brain. TCDD caused a decrease in BW gain, and CUR partially eliminated this effect of TCDD. In addition, while reproductive organ weights, sperm concentration, and sperm motility tended to decrease with TCDD exposure, these effects tended to be close to normal levels by CUR treatment. In conclusion, CUR was seen to be effective in the treatment and prevention of toxicity induced by subchronic TCDD exposure

Reverse taxonomy reveals Pristionchus maupasi (Diplogasterida: Diplogastridae) association with the soil-dwelling bee Andrena optata (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Turkey

WOS: 000352087500059Previous molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) survey work with diplogastrid dauers from the abdominal glands of adult female soil- dwelling andrenid bees in Turkey had suggested commensal relationships between species of the genus Andrena and a new species of Koerneria and several species from an unidentified nematode clade near "Mononchoides" (based upon comparisons with GenBank at the time). We used reverse taxonomy on dauer nematodes from Andrena optata from Turkey to successfully culture, morphotype, and sequence adult nematodes that fully matched Pristionchus maupasi and one of the MOTUs previously isolated as dauers from the abdominal glands of A. limata and A. flavipes, and previously designated as belonging to the clade near "Mononchoides." This study demonstrates the value of reverse taxonomy for resolving MOTU identification issues as the depth of the reference sequence database increases and successful cultures or environmental samples of adults are made available for morphotypic and genotypic comparisons. In addition, it has helped expand our knowledge of the potential host range and biogeographical distribution of P. maupasi which was originally thought to be relatively host specific on scarab beetles, and has raised questions about the chemical ecology of dauers for this species in the wild

Spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis strains from cattle in Turkey [Türkiye’de sığırlardan İzole edilen M. tuberculosis suşlarının spoligotiplendirmesi]

Although it is generally accepted that M. Bovis leads to tuberculosis in cattle, there are statements given from the different regions of the world, referring to the fact that M. tuberculosis, which is known as the human tuberculosis agent, causes tuberculosis in cattle as well. The material of the study consisted of 13 M. tuberculosis isolates which were isolated and identified from the organ pieces of 95 cattle with the culture methods; these organ pieces had been taken from the cattle with granulomatous lesion detection after the slaughtering in slaughterhouses located in Çukurova region and brought to the laboratory under sterile conditions. It was determined in the genotyping conducted by using the Spoligotyping method that 13 of the 55 isolates were M. tuberculosis and they belonged to the T1 family (SIT53) by becoming dense in one cluster (100%). Consequently, it was shown with this study that M. tuberculosis, which leads to tuberculosis in humans, could be transmitted from humans to animals and from animals to humans again, and researching the human and epidemiological tuberculosis cases by using molecular epidemiology-based methods such as spoligotyping might provide useful information about explaining the ways of transmission of tuberculosis. © 2015, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved

Valorisation of seeds from different grape varieties for protein, mineral, bioactive compounds content, and oil quality

This study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics and bioactive properties of grape seed oil obtained from five different grape varieties (öküzgözü-Elaziğ, Syrah-çanakkale, Cabernet Franc-çanakkale, Pinot-Noir-Tekirdağ, and Merlot-Manisa) by cold press system. In addition, the antibacterial activity of grape seed oils was determined. The grape varieties significantly affected physicochemical properties, fatty acid and sterol composition of grape seed oils (P &lt; 0.05). The protein and oil, total flavonoid, phenolic, and anthocyanin contents of grape seeds changed between 7.44-13.66 and 6.93-8.80%, were 254-1,436.67, 4,397.93-5,804.29, and 0.31-7.89 mg/g, respectively. The acidity, peroxide number and tocopherol amount of grape seed oils obtained by cold press method were determined as 0.67-2.74%, 10.45-22.03 meqO2/kg, and 2.04-11.595 mg /100 g oil, respectively. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids, and these values were 9.98-14.98, 3.61-6.97, 15.31-28.94 and 48.78-69.13% respectively. ?-sitosterol exhibited major sterol for all varieties and ranged, 61.6 and 69.54%. All grape variety oils gradually showed antimicrobial activity at different ratios against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 2592), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) and Aspergillus parasiticus DSM 5771. This study suggested that grape seed oil of selected varieties could be utilised as a good source of edible oil due to its antioxidant, essential fatty acids, sterol contents, and antibacterial properties. © 2019 Wageningen Academic Publishers.The authors gratefully acknowledged the Namık Kemal University Research Fund for providing funding for this work (NKUBAP.00.24.YL.15.02)