Designing an Educational Program Model Towards Furnishing Secondary School Students with Positive Attitudes for ‘Peace Education’

Lack of education seems to be the source of not only the increase in the frequency ofundemocratic and violent events in a society, but also for many other troubles we have. Oneway to raise democratic individuals that a society needs is to train or educate them throughsuch an educational program leading to the mastery of information, skills, abilities, andattitudes that would enhance being democratic. The purpose of this study is to draft a designof an educational program model that would enable secondary school students to developvalues and attitudes towards peace education. The purpose of the peace education programis to furnish secondary school students with positive attitudes and values towards peaceeducation.. Literature survey has revealed seven categories of values and attitudes regardingpeace education. During the designing phase of the program, interviews were conductedwith teachers, students, and school administrators in order to hold a needs analysis underthe light of the literature feedback. Data obtained after needs analysis directed thepreparation of learning outcomes (goals), content, educational settings, and evaluation partsconcerning these values and attitudes. Values and attitudes identified in this study are:Values and attitudes regarding human rights (Personal rights, interpersonal rights, societalfreedom and political rights), Values and attitudes concerning cooperation and solidarity,Values and attitudes about preservation of cultures, Values and attitudes individuals havefor themselves and for others, Values and attitudes regarding international solidarity, Valuesand attitudes concerning the protection of environment, Values and attitudes aboutspirituality

A rule-based method proposal for the preparation of refurbishment projects in the example of bank branches

Belirli bir sistematiğe sahip olması gereken tadilat, günümüzde alışılagelmiş olarak yapılmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında bu durumun yapıda işlev bozukluklarına, ekonomik kayıplara, yapılan işlerin tekrarlanmasına, verimin ve uygulama kalitesinin düşmesine neden olduğu açıklanarak uygulayıcı konumunda olanların daha etkin tadilat yapabilmeleri için sistem ve performans yaklaşımlarından yararlanarak, banka şubesi örneğinde kurala dayalı bir proje hazırlama yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın özü, eldeki çok sayıda gerçekleştirilmiş projeden yararlanıp bir tadilat kuralları seti oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tadilatın daha bilinçli yapılabilmesi, zamana bağlı olarak değişen gereksinmelere binanın uyarlanması ve bu uyarlama yapılırken kayıpların azalmasını sağlayacak yeterli yapısal çözümlerin ortaya konmasını sağlamaktır. Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan yeniden kullanım ve tadilat projeleri hakkında daha önceden hazırlanmış olan benzer akademik çalışmalar örnekleri ile birlikte belirtilmiştir. Bankalar örneğinde türleri, varolan süreç anlatılmış; uygulamaların pratikte nasıl yapıldığı açıklanmış, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Tadilat gerektiren koşullara, bu koşullardaki gereksinimlere ve bu gereksinimlere yanıt veren çözümlere ayrıntılı biçimde değinilmiştir. Tablolar oluşturularak koşullar, gereksinimler ve çözümler kodlanmıştır. Bu kodların aktarıldığı bir kurallar tablosu oluşturulmuştur. Bu kurallar tablosu tadilat projesi hazırlanırken hangi koşul için hangi gereksinimi hangi çözümle karşılayabileceğini tasarımcıya gösteren bir kılavuz niteliğindedir. Son bölümde önerilen yöntemin gerekçesi açıklanmış ve ileride nasıl geliştirilebileceği, ne faydalar sağlayabileceğinden bahsedilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeniden kullanım, yeniden işlevlendirme, banka şubesi tadilatı, tadilat, performans gereksinimleri, kullanıcı gereksinimleri, binanın işlevi, kullanım değişikliği.Structure need to provide the most proper conditions because of changing and varying human needs which require special conditions. Continuous developments in technology and science create an almost own living structure concept. All of these developments bring about conversion and change obligation of structures in terms of products, function and technology. Anew functioning for restoration of accomplished environment needs to have many disciplines in harmony even without historical value. Restoration project must be able to respond the needs of employer, practitioner and users. Errors made during production process, restoration project is necessary to prevent those deficiencies. Any unforeseen structural or design problems in project process could lead termination of restoration that may cause economic losses and other liabilities under construction. The refurbishment which should have a certain systematic is implemented at the present day as a usual function. Companies are often forced to create their own system. Therefore, the effectiveness of renovation is reducing. Working under these conditions causes to the function defects on the structure, economic losses, repetition of the work, efficiency and application quality degradations. There is several method of systematic and performance approaches in order to teach more efficient amendments to implementers. The aim of this work is to create a refurbishment rules set which is benefited from numerous projects. The purpose of this study is to show that refurbishment can be made more aware, depending on the time changing needs of adaptation and while adaptation is processing structural solutions are to be exposed to losses reduction. In this study, the whole renovation project preparation procedures are specified and their positive and negative aspects and major renovations steps have been mentioned. Forming the subject of re-use and refurbishment projects that have been previously prepared samples with similar academic studies are indicated. In the case of banks, types, existing processes have been described, explained how to do practical applications, positive and negative aspects were compared. Suggestions, methods and details of the steps have been explained. Requiring refurbishment conditions, requirements in terms and the solutions of these requirements have been discussed detailed. Statements by creating conditions, requirements and solutions have been encoded. The rule table which the codes were transferred has been composed. This rule table is a nature guide for the designer while refurbishment project are being prepared for which conditions which need solutions which can meet. While preparing a renovation project, there would be an applicable refurbishment project with up to date solutions along proper needs and there would be no systematic returns for imagining. In the last chapter, the rationale of recommended method has been explained along with other proposed methods of assessment with positive and negative aspects how we develop in the future, what benefits it may have been mentioned. Suggested methods, adequate analysis of the requirements is provided with qualified projects, experts in the profession by the professional staff by implement the renovation project prepared a standard implementation ensuring convergence, so the existing problems that minimize qualified, adequate solutions is expected to be reached with minimum cost constantly. If this method can be implemented as a computer program, this would help to have more efficient results about more type of structures quickly. Keywords: Refurbishment methods, refurbishment of bank branches, reuse, renewal, refurbishment, renovation

PREFABRİKE ENDÜSTRİ YAPILARININ 2007 DEPREM YÖNETMELİĞİ KOŞULLARINA GÖRE DEPREM GÜVENLİĞİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

In order to check the seismic performance of typical two- bay Lambda frames, very commonly used for industrial plants in Turkey, a detailed study on a sample prefabricated structure is performed using the criteria given by the recent Turkish Seismic Code(TEC) issued on March 6th 2007.. At the first part of the paper, the typical damage types in precast systems experienced in past earthquakes and their main causes as well as the new provisions for precast structural systems given in the new code are described and summarized. Then structural and geometric properties of the considered industrial plant are presented which was designed and constructed according to 1998 TEC and totally collapsed in 1999 Marmara Earthquake, after the whole erection process was completed in 1998. For the assessment of its seismic performance level, linear-elastic and non-linear static approaches of the considered prefabricated industrial plant as suggested in the new Turkish Seismic Code are carried out. The demand/ capacity ratios, lateral displacements, and the damage states of the structural members are determined by linear–elastic analysis approach and then, the capacity curves are also obtained in both directions by using static push- over analysis, using SAP2000 software in order to obtain the performance level of the structural system. As a result of this study, the performance level of the sample building is totally collapse level for both analysis methods.Çalışmada Türkiye’de yaygın olarak üretilmiş olan ve mevcut prefabrike bina stoğu içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Lambda tipi (kırıklı çerçeve) prefabrike yapıların 6 Mart 2007 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren yeni Deprem Yönetmeliği (TDY–2007) kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmesini yapmak amacıyla, 1998 yılında imal edilmiş ve montajı tamamlanmış fakat 1999 depreminde tamamen yıkılmış olan bir örneği değerlendirilecektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda önce son depremlerde bu tür yapılarda meydana gelen hasarlar ve nedenleri özet olarak verilerek, 2007 yönetmeliğinde prefabrike betonarme yapıların tasarım ilkelerinde yapılan değişiklikler ve prefabrik yapıların deprem güvenliğinin belirlenmesi konusunda önerilen yaklaşımlar açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra 1998 yönetmeliğine göre tasarlanmış olan prefabrike sanayi yapısı, yeni yönetmelikte önerilen ‘Doğrusal Elastik Hesap Yöntemi’ ve ‘Doğrusal Elastik Olmayan Hesap Yöntemlerinden: Artımsal Eşdeğer Deprem Yükü Yöntemi’ ile SAP2000 programı ile analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapı önce doğrusal elastik yaklaşımla çözümlenerek kolon ve kirişlerin etki/kapasite oranları, yatay yerdeğiştirmeleri ve hasar sınırları bulunmuş, daha sonra SAP2000 programı yardımıyla yapının itme analizi gerçekleştirilerek her iki doğrultudaki kapasite eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki analiz yöntemine göre de yapının göçme konumunda olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır

Patient Characteristics and Frequent Localizations of Rhinoliths

Objective:A rhinolith is a rare entity affecting all people in all age groups. It is defined as a mineralized foreign body. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the distribution in age and gender and the localization, side, and prominent symptoms of rhinoliths to identify the risk groups and characteristics of the rhinoliths in a large case series.Methods:A retrospective review was performed from the medical charts of 28 patients who were diagnosed with rhinolith and underwent surgery between May 2011 and January 2015 in Ankara Research and Training Hospital. All data, including age, gender, duration of symptoms, localization of the lesion and accompanying pathologies, were documented.Results:In total, 28 patients (18 females and 10 males) with a mean age of 26.2±16.6 (5-62) years who were diagnosed with rhinolithiasis were reviewed. Nasal obstruction (71.4%) and nasal discharge (64.3%) were the most common complaints. The rhinolith was located in the right nasal cavity in 24 patients and in the left in four; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). There were 11 accompanying pathologies including nasal septal deviation (n=6), nasal polyposis (n=2), concha bullosa (n=2), and adenoid vegetation (n=1). In 21 (75%) patients, the most common site was the nasal base of the cavity between the inferior turbinate and the nasal septum.Conclusion:If unilateral right-sided nasal obstruction with foul-smelling purulent discharge is detected in a young adult and a nasal examination reveals a mass in the floor of the cavity, a rhinolith should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis

Ammonıum ıon removal ın segregated fluıdızed beds: effects of flow rate and number of segregated layers

AMMONIUM ION REMOVAL IN SEGREGATED FLUIDIZED BEDS: EFFECTS OF FLOW RATE AND NUMBER OF SEGREGATED LAYER ABSTRACT Removal of ammonium ion from water in fluidized bed ion exchange columns of clinoptilolite was investigated in this research. Objectives of the study were (i) investigation of the use of clinoptilolite in monodispersed and polydispersed fluidized beds for the removal of ammonium ion, (ii) comparison of the performances obtained with different composition of mixed beds, and (iii) investigation of the effect of increase in flow rate (bed expansion and expanded bed porosity). Four different fractions of clinoptilolite were prepared by sieving and by conditioning the surface of particles using sodium chloride. Four different monodispersed fluidized beds were operated at several different flow rates to investigate the effects of particle size and fluidization rate on ammonium exchange performance. 7 different compositions of polydisperse fluidized beds (four different compositions of binary beds, two different ternary beds and a bed containing all particle sizes together) were operated at two different flow rates to determine the effects of average particle size and mixing behaviors on ammonium exchange capacity. Same set of experiments were conducted at the same operating conditions to find the values of overall mass transfer coefficients. All results of the experiments performed were evaluated using parameters: (i) ratio of breakthrough capacity to total (or exhaustion capacity), (ii) bed usage rate, and (iii) fractional capacity. The ratio of breakthrough capacity to total capacity is increases when the column is efficiently. On the other hand, an improved performance is represented with a decreased value of bed usage rate. Increase in fluidization rate and employing particle mixtures of different sizes in the ion exchange bed were found to improve separation efficiencies of ammonium ion in clinoptilolite beds. Keywords: ammonium ion, ion exchange, clinoptilolite, zeolite, fluidization, monodisperse and polydisperse particle system