Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Parents

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents about breastfeeding, complementary food, and infant nutrition who have healthy infants born at term and under 2 years of age. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the parents of infants who came for well-child visits to pediatric clinics of 4 hospitals. Healthy infants under 2 years of age and who had been born at term were interviewed. The questionnaire included 35 questions to evaluate parents' knowledge, attitude, and practices about breastfeeding and infant nutrition in addition to sociodemographic data. Data were obtained via questionnaire and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 package program. Results: The study group consisted of 679 infants and their parents. The median durations of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding time were found to be 4 months and 10 months. Although 75% of the participants stated that infants must be exclusively breastfed for 6 months, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was 44%. The 393 (58%) participants used formula for infant nutrition and 47 (12%) of those started with complementary feeding. 90% of the participants stated that formula advertisements did not affect their decision on starting formula but the rate of thinking that other people may be affected by the advertisements was 80%. Conclusion: The knowledge of parents on human milk is not insufficient but they need to be supported especially to continue exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months and appropriate complementary food during the weaning period

Inappropriate antimicrobial use in Turkish pediatric hospitals: A multicenter point prevalence survey

Objectives: Although well-defined principles of rational antimicrobial use are available, inappropriate prescribing patterns are reported worldwide. Accurate information on the usage of antimicrobials, including factors associated with and influencing their use, is valuable for improving the quality of prescription practices. Methods: In this cross-sectional point prevalence survey, data on patients hospitalized in 12 different children's hospitals were collected on a single day. Appropriateness of prescription was compared between the types of antimicrobials prescribed, indications, wards, and presence of/consultation with an infectious disease physician (IDP). Results: A total 711 of 1302 (54.6%) patients evaluated were receiving one or more antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial prescription rate was highest in pediatric intensive care (75.7%) and lowest in the surgery wards (37.0%). Of the 711 patients receiving antimicrobials, 332 patients (46.7%) were found to be receiving at least one inappropriately prescribed drug. Inappropriate use was most frequent in surgery wards (80.2%), while it was less common in oncology wards (31.8%; p < 0.001). Respiratory tract infection was the most common indication for antimicrobial use (29.4%). Inappropriate use was more common in deep-seated infections (54.7%) and respiratory infections (56.5%). Fluoroquinolones were used inappropriately more than any other drugs (81.8%, p = 0.021). Consultation with an IDP appears to increase appropriate antimicrobial use (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Inappropriate antimicrobial use remains a common problem in Turkish pediatric hospitals. Consultation with an IDP and prescribing antimicrobial drugs according to microbiological test results could decrease the inappropriate use of antimicrobials

Evaluation of intraabdominal hypertension and genitofemoral nerve motor conduction

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to electrophysiologically evaluate the effect of increased intraabdominal pressure (IAP) on genitofemoral nerve (GFN) motor conduction. Materials and methods: Seven Wistar albino rats were included. After anesthetization, latency and duration of GFN conduction was recorded with a needle-probe at rest. IAP was increased to 15 mmHg by insufflating atmospheric air with a percutaneous intraperitoneal needle. At 30 min of IAP, GFN motor conduction was recorded. Abdominal pressure was then increased to 20 mmHg. At 60 min, GFN motor conduction was recorded again. The consecutive recordings of latency and duration of GFN conduction (rest, 30 min, 60 min) were evaluated statistically. Results: There was a significant difference between latencies at rest (1.90 &plusmn; 0.22 ms), at 30 min (2.3 &plusmn; 0.36 ms), and at 60 min (2.74 &plusmn; 0.57 ms) (Friedman test, P = 0.001). The latency was significantly increased at 60 min compared to rest (post hoc Tukey test, P = 0.003). No similar difference was detected between the recordings at 30 and 60 min. The duration of GFN motor conduction showed no difference between consecutive recordings (P = 0.067). Conclusion: Both increased and prolonged IAP causes prolonged latency of GFN conduction, probably due to a compression effect on GFN. Neuropraxial consequences of increased IAP are thought to be related to the compression effect of peripheral nerves

Çocukluk Çağında Lipoma Arboresan: İki Kız Kardeşin Sunumu

Lipoma arboresan (LA) sinovyal eklemler ve bursaların nadir benign bir lezyonudur. En sık tutulum yeri dizlerdir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları tipiktir. Çocuklardaki LA olgu sunumlarının sayısı, erişkinlere kıyasla oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmada, her iki dizde ağrı ve şişlik yakınması muayene edilen dokuz ve 15 yaşlarındaki iki kız kardeş sunuldu. Manyetik rezonans görüntülemede her iki çocuğun sağ dizinde LA için tipik özellikler gösterildi. Çocukluk çağındaki hastalarda sistemik tutulum olmadan mono/oligoartiküler efüzyon ve sinovyal hipertrofi varlığında, ayırıcı tanıda LA akla getirilmelidir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, LA tanısında duyarlı bir yöntemdirLipoma arborescens (LA) is a rare benign lesion of synovial joints and bursae. The knee is the most common site of the involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging findings are typical in the diagnosis. The number of case reports of LA in children is significantly lower compared to the adults. In this article, two nine-year-old and 15-year-old sisters who were examined for the complaints of bilateral pain and swelling in knees were presented. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated typical features of LA in the right knees of both children. Pediatric patients with mono/oligoarticular effusion and synovial hypertrophy without systemic involvement, LA should be considered in differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive modality in the diagnosis of LA