Temporär reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung: Kann das Unkrautaufkommen in Ackerbohnen durch Gemengeanbau oder Striegeln nachhaltig reduziert werden?

Reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung kann auch unter den Bedingungen des Ökologischen Landbaus zur Einsparung fossiler Brennstoffe beitragen. Ein nachhaltiges Unkrautmanagement ist jedoch erforderlich. Es ist daher ein Ziel unseres Projektes, die Unkrautregulierung durch den Vergleich eines direkten (Rollstriegel) mit einem indirekten Verfahren (Gemengeanbau von Ackerbohnen mit Hafer) zu verbessern. In einem Feldversuch am Standort Göttingen-Reinshof zeigten beide Methoden im Mai und Juni 2014 gute Ergebnisse. Der Feldversuch wird 2014 bzw. 2015 wiederholt (2014: Gerste, Zwischenfrüchte; 2015: Ackerbohnen/Hafer)

Intensive heart rhythm monitoring to decrease ischemic stroke and systemic embolism - the Find-AF 2 study - rationale and design

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent causes of stroke. Several randomized trials have shown that prolonged monitoring increases the detection of AF, but the effect on reducing recurrent cardioembolism, i.e. ischemic stroke and systemic embolism, remains unknown. We aim to evaluate whether a risk-adapted, intensified heart rhythm monitoring with consequent guideline conform treatment, which implies initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC), leads to a reduction of recurrent cardioembolism. Methods Find-AF 2 is a randomized, controlled, open-label parallel multicenter trial with blinded endpoint assessment. 5,200 patients ≥ 60 years of age with symptomatic ischemic stroke within the last 30 days and without known AF will be included at 52 study centers with a specialized stroke unit in Germany. Patients without AF in an additional 24-hour Holter ECG after the qualifying event will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either enhanced, prolonged and intensified ECG-monitoring (intervention arm) or standard of care monitoring (control arm). In the intervention arm, patients with a high risk of underlying AF will receive continuous rhythm monitoring using an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM) whereas those without high risk of underlying AF will receive repeated 7-day Holter ECGs. The duration of rhythm monitoring within the control arm is up to the discretion of the participating centers and is allowed for up to 7 days. Patients will be followed for at least 24 months. The primary efficacy endpoint is the time until recurrent ischemic stroke or systemic embolism occur. Conclusions The Find-AF 2 trial aims to demonstrate that enhanced, prolonged and intensified rhythm monitoring results in a more effective prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke and systemic embolism compared to usual care

Tewes (Ludger). Die Amts- und Pfandpolitik der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Spätmittelalter.

Tewes Götz-Rüdiger. Tewes (Ludger). Die Amts- und Pfandpolitik der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Spätmittelalter. . In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 67, fasc. 4, 1989. Histoire - Geschiedenis. pp. 836-838

Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis in high-risk perioperative pulmonary embolism: two case reports and review of literature

Introduction!#!Treatment of high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) in perioperative patients remains challenging. Systemic thrombolysis is associated with a high risk of major bleedings and intracranial haemorrhage. High mortality rates are reported for open pulmonary embolectomy. Therefore, postoperative surgical patients may benefit substantially from catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT).!##!Case presentation!#!We report two cases of high-risk perioperative PE. Both patients developed severe haemodynamic instability leading to cardiac arrest. After the implantation of a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), they were both successfully treated with USAT. Adequate improvement of right ventricular function was achieved; thus, ECMO could be successfully weaned after 3 and 4 days, respectively. Both patients showed favourable outcomes and could be discharged to rehabilitation.!##!Conclusion!#!Current guidelines on treatment of PE offer no specific therapies for perioperative patients with high-risk PE. However, systemic thrombolysis is often excluded due to the perioperative setting and the risk of major bleeding. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was shown to utilise less thrombolytic agent while obtaining comparable thrombolytic effects. The risk for major bleeding (including intracranial haemorrhage) is also significantly lowered. Until further trials determining the value of adopted treatment strategies of high-risk PE in perioperative patients are available, USAT should be considered in similar cases

Impaired neuronal maturation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells in mice lacking CRAF

<div><p>RAF kinases are major constituents of the mitogen activated signaling pathway, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and cell survival of many cell types, including neurons. In mammals, the family of RAF proteins consists of three members, ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF. Ablation of CRAF kinase in inbred mouse strains causes major developmental defects during fetal growth and embryonic or perinatal lethality. Heterozygous germline mutations in CRAF result in Noonan syndrome, which is characterized by neurocognitive impairment that may involve hippocampal physiology. The role of CRAF signaling during hippocampal development and generation of new postnatal hippocampal granule neurons has not been examined and may provide novel insight into the cause of hippocampal dysfunction in Noonan syndrome. In this study, by crossing CRAF-deficiency to CD-1 outbred mice, a CRAF mouse model was established which enabled us to investigate the interplay of neural progenitor proliferation and postmitotic differentiation during adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Albeit the general morphology of the hippocampus was unchanged, CRAF-deficient mice displayed smaller granule cell layer (GCL) volume at postnatal day 30 (P30). In CRAF-deficient mice a substantial number of abnormal, chromophilic, fast dividing cells were found in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG), indicating that CRAF signaling contributes to hippocampal neural progenitor proliferation. CRAF-deficient neural progenitor cells showed an increased cell death rate and reduced neuronal maturation. These results indicate that CRAF function affects postmitotic neural cell differentiation and points to a critical role of CRAF-dependent growth factor signaling pathway in the postmitotic development of adult-born neurons.</p></div

Impaired neuronal differentiation (maturation) of BrdU-labelled NPCs in the DG GCL of postnatal CRAF ko mice.

<p>(A) Immuno-histological analysis of BrdU (green) and the neuronal marker NeuN (red) stained sagittal brain sections of CRAF ct and CRAF ko hippocampus at P35 12 days after a single BrdU application. Representative brain sections of CRAF ct (upper panel) and CRAF ko (lower panel) show BrdU-labelled cells (green) colocalizing with NeuN (red) (merge, white arrows). Scale bar = 50μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of BrdU/NeuN-stained neural precursor cells with neuronal cell fate determination in the dentate gyrus (DG) GCL of CRAF ct (dark bar) and CRAF ko (white bar) at P29 (n = 6). The graph shows BrdU-labelled cells that colocalize with NeuN 6 days after a single BrdU application (P23→P29). Analysed cells were normalized with measured GCL Nissl-volume. Data are mean ± s.e.m.; significant differences are shown in p-value p = 0.02. (C) BrdU/NeuN positive cells as a fraction of BrdU-labelled cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) GCL of CRAF ct (dark bar) and CRAF ko (white bar) at P29 (n = 6) 6 days after a single BrdU application (P23→P29). Data are mean ± s.e.m.; significant differences are shown in p-value p<0.0001. (D) Quantitative analysis of BrdU/NeuN-stained neural precursor cells with neuronal cell fate determination in the dentate gyrus (DG) GCL of CRAF ct (dark bar) and CRAF ko (white bar) at P35 (n = 6). The graph shows BrdU-labelled cells that colocalize with NeuN 12 days after a single BrdU application (P23→P35). Data are mean ± s.e.m.; significant differences are shown in p-value p<0.0001. (E) BrdU/NeuN positive cells as a fraction of BrdU-labelled cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) GCL of CRAF ct (dark bar) and CRAF ko (white bar) at P35 (n = 6) 12 days after a single BrdU application (P23→P29). Data are mean ± s.e.m.; significant differences are shown in p-value p<0.0001.</p