Long-term impact of different fertilization management on microbial P mobilization and community structure in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of maize

The efficiency of the arable P use can be fundamentally increased by improving the management. We aim to disclose soil microbial fundamentals to optimize P storage, P mobilization and P turnover in agricultural systems for plant growth promotion. We investigated treatments from a long-term fertilization experiment in Rostock (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). Soil sampling was conducted in spring and autumn of 2015 and 2016. Microbial P storage, enzymatic P mobilization and the community structure of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as key players of the P mobilization and transfer were analysed at four fertilization treatments with no additional P (control), mineral P-fertilizer (TSP), organic P-fertilizer (compost) and a combination of mineral and organic P-fertilizers. Microbial P (Pmic) was significantly affected by the type of P-fertilization and increased by factor two to three in fertilized treatments compared to the control. The microbial P storage did not differ significantly between mineral and organic fertilization treatments. Organic P fertilization leads to a short term increase of the Pmic pool in the soil. Enzyme activities were significantly higher in treatments with organic fertilization compared to those with no or mineral fertilisation, independent on season. This pattern was found for enzymes of the P-cycle (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, phosphodiesterase) and of the C-cycle (ß-glucosidases) indicating a strong correlation between C and P cycling. Further, enzymatic P mobilization is rather controlled by availability of substrates than by the current P demand of the vegetation. Community structure of AMF and bacteria show similar results. A pool of species was site-specific common in each treatment, whereas a small fraction was treatment-specific. The findings contribute to one of the overarching objective of the BonaRes-project (BMBF) InnoSoilPhos to improving the P use efficiency of arable crops by selection of suitable management strategies in the agricultural practice

Vergleich von Energieaufwand, Futteraufnahme und Aktivität bei zwei Holstein Kuhtypen auf der Weide unter Bedingungen des biologischen Landbaus

In order to find cows well-adapted to organic production systems, the present study compared the energy expenditure, grass intake, grazing behavior and physical activity of two different Holstein strains in an organic full-time grazing system without concentrate supplementation. Twelve pairs of Swiss (HCH; 613 ± 34 kg BW) and New Zealand Holstein-Friesian (HNZ; 570 ± 54 kg BW) cows in mid lactation were investigated during a 7 d data collection period. The energy expenditure was analyzed using the 13C bicarbonate dilution technique in combination with an automatic blood sampling system during 6h per day. Although HCH and HNZ differed in bodyweight and seize, physical activity and energy expenditure only differed numerically between the two cow strains. As the grass intake and grazing behavior did not differ between strains, HCH could not use their full genetic potential for milk production. This short-time study indicates that cow strains adapt their behavior, bodyweight and production level to the environment of forage-based production systems. Consequently differences in energy expenditure become harder to detect

A Criterion-Mining Method for Group Idea Selection -Increasing Consensus with Minimal Loss of Efficiency

Abstract Th

Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets

Low birth weight (LBW) neonates show impaired growth compared with normal birth weight (NBW) neonates. Glutamine (Gln) supplementation benefits growth of weaning piglets, while the effect on neonates is not sufficiently clear. We examined the effect of neonatal Gln supplementation on piglet growth, milk intake and metabolic parameters. Sow-reared pairs of newborn LBW (0·8–1·2 kg) and NBW (1·4–1·8 kg) male piglets received Gln (1 g/kg body mass (BM)/d; Gln-LBW, Gln-NBW; n 24/group) or isonitrogenous alanine (1·22 g/kg BM/d; Ala-LBW; Ala-NBW; n 24/group) supplementation at 1–5 or 1–12 d of age (daily in three equal portions at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 by syringe feeding). We measured piglet BM, milk intake (1, 11–12 d), plasma metabolite, insulin, amino acid (AA) and liver TAG concentrations (5, 12 d). The Gln-LBW group had higher BM (+7·5%, 10 d, P = 0·066; 11–12 d, P < 0·05) and milk intake (+14·7%, P = 0·015) than Ala-LBW. At 5 d, Ala-LBW group had higher plasma TAG (+34·7%, P < 0·1) and lower carnosine (–22·5%, P < 0·05) than Ala-NBW and Gln-LBW, and higher liver TAG (+66·9%, P = 0·029) than Ala-NBW. At 12 d, plasma urea was higher (+37·5%, P < 0·05) with Gln than Ala supplementation. Several proteinogenic AA in plasma were lower (P < 0·05) in Ala-NBW v. Gln-NBW. Plasma arginine was higher (P < 0·05) in Gln-NBW v Ala-NBW piglets (5, 12 d). Supplemental Gln moderately improved growth and milk intake and affected lipid metabolism in LBW piglets and AA metabolism in NBW piglets, suggesting effects on intestinal and liver function

Wirkungen der Digitalisierung von Arbeit auf Mitarbeiter/innen in Dienstleistungsunternehmen

Digitalisierung und ihre Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Arbeitswelt sind eines der aktuellen Kernthemen in Politik und Wissenschaft. Die Steuerberatungsbranche durchläuft seit einigen Jahren einen grundlegenden Veränderungsprozess, der zu neuen Tätigkeitsfeldern und Arbeitsinhalten führt. Um vor diesem Hintergrund Handlungsempfehlungen geben zu können, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht, inwiefern (die zunehmende) Digitalisierung mit der individuell wahrgenommenen Arbeits- und Organisationsstruktur zusammenhängt. Darüber hinaus wurde betrachtet, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen Digitalisierung und subjektiv empfundenen Arbeitsfolgen, wie z. B. Arbeitszufriedenheit oder Wohlbefinden, besteht

Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeit: eine explorative Studie zur potenziellen Übertragbarkeit der KODIMA-Befunde auf andere Dienstleistungsbranchen

Die hier vorliegende Explorationsstudie untersucht, inwiefern sich die Befunde von der bisher betrachteten Branche der Steuerberatungsunternehmen auf andere wissensintensive Dienstleistungsbranchen (Fähnrich, 1999) übertragen lassen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Expert*inneninterviews (Helfferich, 2014) mit Führungskräften aus fünf verschiedenen wissensintensiven Dienstleistungsbranchen geführt und qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet (Mayring & Fenzl, 2019). In Abschnitt 2 werden zunächst das methodische Vorgehen, die Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Datenerhebung sowie die Analysestrategie der Auswertung beschrieben. Nachfolgend wird der Fokus auf die Ergebnisse der Interviewstudie gelegt (Abschnitt 3), wobei diese als Fallstudien dargestellt werden. Die Studie schließt mit einer übergreifenden Diskussion der Ergebnisse und einem Ausblick auf kommende Forschungen (Abschnitt 4)