Tonsillar Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-Negative Patient: A Case Report

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare malignancy associated with AIDS and usually affects skin. The most common causative agent is the Human Herpes Virus Type 8 (HHV-8). In the literature, there are few case reports about KS with no association to AIDS. In this case report, we report a 72-year-old HIV (-) woman who presented to our clinic with a complaint of fast swelling in the right palatine tonsil and was histopathologically diagnosed as tonsillar KS

The effects of sclerotherapy with 5% trichloroacetic acid on the cyst diameter and ovarian tissue in the rat ovarian cyst model

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of only aspiration with aspiration and 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) application on ovarian cyst size and ovarian reserve. The ovarian cysts of 14 rats that were divided into two groups randomly were investigated after total salpingectomy procedure. G1 was the group of saline application after cyst aspiration, while in G2, after aspiration 5% TCA at half amount of aspiration volume was injected into the cyst and re-aspirated after five minutes. The abdomens of the rats were closed and re-explored after 1 month. The cyst diameters of the rats in each group were measured. Ovaries were removed for histopathological examination. There was no significant difference in cyst diameter in G1 before and after aspiration. In G2, there was a significant decrease in cyst size after TCA application. Ovarian follicle counts were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, application of 5% TCA to the ovarian cysts for five minutes significantly reduces the cyst size.Impact Statement What is already known on this subject: Minimally invasive therapies come into prominence to avoid surgical complications and diminished fertility in the treatment of ovarian cysts. USG-guided aspiration and sclerosis has been reported as cost-efficient and effective treatment methods for localised benign cysts in other organs such as the thyroid, parathyroid, liver, kidney and spleen. It has been shown that sclerotherapy applied to infertile women with ovarian cysts reduces pelvic pain without affecting the number of follicles, term pregnancy and abortion rates, extracted oocytes, embryo quality or hormonal levels when compared to non-ovarian cystic infertile women. TCA is a chemical agent that is topically applied, not systemically absorptive, which causes denaturation of proteins and structural cell death, resulting in coagulation necrosis after chemical cauterisation. For this reason, we used 5% TCA to treat simple ovarian cysts on a rat model. What the results of this study add: In this experimental study, we showed that the application of 5% TCA into the cyst for five minutes – then aspirated – significantly reduced the size of the ovarian cysts. Five percent TCA application did not affect the ovarian reserve. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Our study is original because of the fact that to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about the use of 5% TCA in treatment of ovarian cysts in the literature

Diagnosis of Endometrial Tuberculosis in Two Women who Underwent Assisted Reproductive Treatment for Bilateral Tubal Factor Infertility: Case Report

Genital tüberküloz (tbc) kadın infertilitesinin önemli bir nedeni olup son yıllarda primer ve sekonder infertilite bulunan olgularda daha sık tanınmaya başlamıştır. Bu yazıda tubal faktör infertilitesi olan ve daha önce birçok kez yardımla üreme tedavisi uygulanan iki hastada saptanan endometriyal tbc olgusu bildirilmiştir. Tubal faktör infertilitesi nedeniyle yardımcı üreme tedavileri uygulanmasına rağmen gebelik elde edilemeyen iki olgu implantasyon başarısızlığınının araştırılması için laparoskopi ve histeroskopi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yardımla üreme tedavilerinde tekrarlayan başarısızlık görülen iki hastaya ofis histeroskopi uygulanmış ve işlem esnasında alınan endometrial örneklerin histopatolojik incelemesi granulomatöz endometrit olarak sonuçlanmıştır. Olguların birinde endometrial doku kültüründe Mycobacterium tuberculosis üremesi gözlenmiştir. Her iki olguya da tüberküloza yönelik tedavi başlanmıştır. :Bilateral tubal faktörü olan olgularda genital tbc ayırıcı tanıda düşünülebilir. Böylesi olgularda endometrial kavite değerlendirilmeli ve histopatolojik inceleme için endometrial örnek alınmalıdır.Genital tuberculosis (tbc) is an important cause of female infertility and in recent years, more women are being diagnosed with genital tbc in primary and secondary infertility evaluation. This paper presents the diagnosis of endometrial tbc in two women with tubal factor infertility that underwent several assisted reproductive treatment cycles previously. Two women, who underwent several failed assisted reproductive treatment cycles previously in other hospitals due to tubal factor infertility, were evaluated with laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in order to reveal the cause of implantation failure. Office hysteroscopy was scheduled in both women in order to reveal the cause of recurrent implantation failure. Endometrial biopsy was taken at the end of the procedure and histopathological examination revealed granulomatous endometritis in both of the cases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shown with endometrial tissue culture in one of the cases. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated in both women. In cases with bilateral tubal factor infertility, genital tbc should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Endometrial cavity should certainly be evaluated in women with bilateral blocked tubes and endometrial biopsy be taken for histopathological examination

Comparison of irisin hormone expression between thyroid cancer tissues and oncocytic variant cells

Objective: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been continuously increasing. The main objective of this study was to investigate irisin expression in various thyroid pathologies and to compare these expression patterns with irisin expression in healthy thyroid tissues

Irisin immunostaining characteristics of breast and ovarian cancer cells

To determine expression pattern of irisin in tissues obtained from human ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and cervix cancer. Tissue samples obtained from subjects with breast cancer, ovarian cancer cervix cancer, simple endometrial hyperplasia, complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia. At least five sections from each subject were immunohistochemically stained with irisin antibody, and H-score method was used to evaluate irisin intensity. Tissues obtained from healthy breast tissues, proliferative phase endometrium adenomyosis and benign ovarian tumors were accepted as control. Irisin activity was not detected in control breast tissues significantly increased irisin staining was detected in invasive lobular, intraductal papillary, invasive ductal, invasive papillary, and mucinous carcinomas compared to control tissues. Also, significantly increased irisin immunoreactivity was detected in both ovarian endometriosis and mucinous carcinomas compared to benign tumors. However irisin staining was not observed at the papillary carcinoma of the ovary while sections obtained from simple and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and cervix carcinoma demonstrated irisin immunoreactivity. Increased irisin immunoreactivity in tissues obtained from breast, ovary, cervix carcinomas, and endometrial hyperplasia suggest critical role of this peptide during carcinogenesis