Parameter estimation for synthetic TEC surfaces by using Particle Swarm Optimization [Senteti̇k tei̇ yüzeyleri̇ i̇çi̇n parçacik sürü opti̇mi̇zasyonu i̇le parametre kesti̇ri̇mi̇]

In this study, parameter estimation is made for global ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) on both noiseless and noisy synthetic surfaces by using modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In addition, the improvements made in the PSO algorithm to obtain better results are presented. Trend functions that best regionally and globally represent the quiet and distorted ionosphere are given. For noisy trend surfaces, additive white Gaussian noise is added on trend surfaces according to latitude. International GPS System stations (IGS) are used for regional sampling whereas TNPGN-Active stations are used for both regional and global sampling. A brief discussion of PSO and its improvements for modified PSO is provided. Performance and error criterias are determined for the results of noisy and noiseless dual-core Gaussian trend surfaces. © 2012 IEEE

The Future of Psychotherapy in Turkey: Predictions for the Next 10 Years

Making realistic predictions about the future is important in clinical psychology as in many other disciplines. This opinion survey aimed to examine clinical psychologists' predictions for the next 10 years regarding the status of psychotherapy in Turkey in two stages, with 107 participants in one and 69 in the other. The results revealed that the techniques predicted to increase the most in the next decade were the use of eclectic therapy, mindfulness therapy, solution-focused therapy, system/family approaches, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Among the therapeutic interventions expected to increase in popularity were Internet-based programs, smartphone applications, and problem solving. In terms of type of psychotherapists, family counselors with certificate/graduate degrees and Internet-based treatment programs were expected to become more common, whereas it was considered that shorter treatment formats and crisis intervention approaches would be preferred. In sum, the present findings provide a current overview for Turkey and a comparison with other literature findings. © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved