Use of milk’s electrical conductivity in the detection of mastitis

Mastitis is a costly udder disease affecting dairy cattle. Decreased milk yield, treatment and labor costs, decreased milk quality and cow death etc. are some of the factors that make up costs. These losses are caused by subclinical mastitis without visible symptoms. Mastitis can be detected by performing one of the simple screening tests such as electrical conductivity (EC) measurement of milk. Our study evaluated the use of this method for the detection of subclinical and clinical mastitis

Catch composition of trawl fisheries in Mersin Bay with emphasis on catch biodiversity

This study presents the catch composition and biodiversity of Mersin Bay, northeastern Mediterranean, which is an important fishing ground for demersal trawls. A total of 182 hauls were performed on board a commercial trawler on the commercial fishing grounds between 15 September 2009 and 15 April 2013. The monthly changes in species composition were analyzed by conducting cluster analysis based on catch per unit effort (CPUE), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), and correlation vectors, which were used to evaluate the discrete groups. Shannon–Wiener index (H’), its evenness (J’) component, and the Pielou evenness index were calculated to clarify temporal monthly changes. One hundred and thirty-five species belonging to 10 classes, 26 orders, and 71 families were identified. CPUE values were 1558 (individual/h) and 23.96 (kg/h), respectively. While the most abundant species were Mullusbarbatus in terms of IRI and CPUE (kg/h), Equulitesklunzingeri had the highest CPUE (N/h). Four clear clusters of the months were observed. The highest diversity was observed in November, with H’ = 3.28 and J’ = 0.74 index values. The results highlighted the differences of catch composition between fishing months

The Role of Renewable Energy in Terms of Current Account Balance: Panel Data Analysis for European Union Countries and Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin cari denge üzerine etkisini panel veri yöntemi ile incelemektir. Bu amaçla 27 Avrupa Birliği ülkesi (Malta hariç) ve Türkiye’nin 1998-2015 dönemine ait verileri kullanılarak sabit etkiler ve rassal etkiler modelleri tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki ülkelerin çoğunluğu enerjide dışa bağımlılık oranı yüksek ve cari açık sorunu yaşayan ülkelerden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre yenilenebilir enerji tüketimindeki oransal artış, cari denge üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Buna ek olarak ampirik sonuçlar, enerjide dışa bağımlılık oranının cari denge üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye için cari açık sorununu çözmede önemli bir alternatif olduğu anlamına gelmektedir.The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of renewable energy consumption on the current account balance by panel data method. For this purpose, fixed and random effects models are estimated using data over the period from 1998 to 2015 for 27 countries of European Union and Turkey. These countries are mostly composed of countries with high energy dependency rate and current account deficit problem. According to the estimation results, increasing in the rate of renewable energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on current account balance. In addition, the empirical results indicate that energy dependency rate has a negative and significant impact on current account balance. These results imply that investments in renewable energy are an important alternative to solve the current account deficit for the European Union countries and Turkey

Relationship between mastitis and body condition score in jersey cattle

The usefulness, validity and precision of the body condition score has been proven by many studies to evaluate body energy reserves. In general, the body condition score decreases in early lactation because cows allocate energy from their body reserves to support milk production and begin to increase during the remainder of lactation. The excessive loss of energy reserves during early lactation often associated with cows with higher body condition scores at calving often results in impaired health and reproductive performance. A high or low body condition score is also associated with higher incidences of metritis, milk fever, lameness, and mastitis. Positive genetic correlations have been noted between body energy reserve changes and somatic cell count or clinical mastitis. In this study, the relationship between body condition score and mastitis in Jersey cattle was investigated

Balıkçı Gemilerinde Yakıt Tüketiminin Tespiti ve Azaltılması

Subject of fuel consumption and savings in fishing vessels which is extensively studied in the international arena also have great importance for Turkish fisheries. With the widespread use of motorized fishing vessels, it is realized that fuel costs could reach up to 50% of total fishing costs and could threaten economic sustainability of fishing industry. This study reviews up to date influential fuel-saving factors in terms of operational and technical modifications, and suggests potential improvements to increase energy efficiency in fishing vessels.The most important factors in the operational area are seen as: Energy audit, flowmeter installation, reduction of cruising and trawling speeds, periodical maintenance, and savings up to %50 are achieved. In terms of technical modifications: Choosing the appropriate engine, gearbox and propeller, improving hydrodynamic structure of vessel, and reduction of drag force through modernisation of fishing gears appear as changes made in the first plan, and savings up to %40 are achieved.Although changes for energy saving requires initial investment cost, it will contribute to economic sustainability and ecosystem-friendliness of fishing activities in the long term.Uluslararası alanda yaygın şekilde incelenmekte olan balıkçı gemilerinde yakıt tüketimi ve tasarrufu konusu Türkiye balıkçılığı açısından da büyük önem arz etmektedir. Motorize teknelerin yaygınlaşmasıyla, yakıt giderleri toplam balıkçılık giderlerinin %50’sine kadar çıkabilmekte ve balıkçılık sektöründe ekonomik sürdürebilirliği tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışma yakıt tasarrufuna etki eden faktörleri işletimsel ve teknik değişiklikler üzerinden derlemekte ve balıkçı gemilerinde enerji etkinliğini arttırmaya yönelik potansiyel iyileştirmeler önermektedir. İşletimsel alanda en önemli faktörlerin; enerji etüdü, yakıt sayacı takılması, seyir ve çekim hızının azaltılması, periyodik bakımların yapılması olduğu görülmüş ve %50’ye varan tasarruf elde edilmiştir. Teknik değişikliklerde ise; uygun makine, şanzıman ve pervanenin seçilmesi, teknenin hidrodinamik yapısının iyileştirilmesi, av araçlarının modernizasyonu ile sürüklenme kuvvetinin azaltılması ön planda yapılan değişiklikler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır ve %40’a varan tasarruf elde edilmiştir. Enerji tasarrufuna yönelik değişimler ilk aşamada yatırım maliyeti gerektirse de uzun vadede balıkçılığın ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğine ve ekosistem dostu bir faaliyet olmasına katkı sağlayacaktır

Reduced folate carrier 1 is present in retinal microvessels and crucial for the inner blood retinal barrier integrity

BackgroundReduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1; SLC19a1) is the main responsible transporter for the B9 family of vitamins named folates, which are essential for normal tissue growth and development. While folate deficiency resulted in retinal vasculopathy, the expression and the role of RFC1 in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) are not well known.MethodsWe used whole mount retinas and trypsin digested microvessel samples of adult mice. To knockdown RFC1, we delivered RFC1-targeted short interfering RNA (RFC1-siRNA) intravitreally; while, to upregulate RFC1 we delivered lentiviral vector overexpressing RFC1. Retinal ischemia was induced 1-h by applying FeCl3 to central retinal artery. We used RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine RFC1. Endothelium (CD31), pericytes (PDGFR-beta, CD13, NG2), tight-junctions (Occludin, Claudin-5 and ZO-1), main basal membrane protein (Collagen-4), endogenous IgG and RFC1 were determined immunohistochemically.ResultsOur analyses on whole mount retinas and trypsin digested microvessel samples of adult mice revealed the presence of RFC1 in the inner BRB and colocalization with endothelial cells and pericytes. Knocking down RFC1 expression via siRNA delivery resulted in the disintegration of tight junction proteins and collagen-4 in twenty-four hours, which was accompanied by significant endogenous IgG extravasation. This indicated the impairment of BRB integrity after an abrupt RFC1 decrease. Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated RFC1 overexpression resulted in increased tight junction proteins and collagen-4, confirming the structural role of RFC1 in the inner BRB. Acute retinal ischemia decreased collagen-4 and occludin levels and led to an increase in RFC1. Besides, the pre-ischemic overexpression of RFC1 partially rescued collagen-4 and occludin levels which would be decreased after ischemia.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study clarifies the presence of RFC1 protein in the inner BRB, which has recently been defined as hypoxia-immune-related gene in other tissues and offers a novel perspective of retinal RFC1. Hence, other than being a folate carrier, RFC1 is an acute regulator of the inner BRB in healthy and ischemic retinas.Hacettepe Universit

Milk composition characteristics of domestic yellow breed cows in the village herd

Turkiye is considered one of the most important gene centers in the world. Archaeological evidence and studies conducted to date show that cattle, sheep and goats were domesticated in Anatolia and its immediate surroundings. Since a detailed census based on the breeds and their characteristics of these species cannot be made today, no precise information can be obtained about the current status of the breeds. The skin color of the local yellow cows raised in the region was used, ranging from almost black brown and dirty yellow to red and cinnamon. It has been determined that they are small-bodied and have short horns. The rump is higher than the withers, and the back line is also seen to be straight. Horn color is dark black. The area around the eyes, sides of the face, neck, shoulder blades and shaped tip are darker. The tip of the nose is dark to black, and around the nose and mouth there is a slightly lighter-colored, sometimes off-white ring depending on the areas. The inner sides of the sections are light colored. Nail color is dark gray or black, close to black. The average dry matter of domestic yellow breed cattle was determined as 11.67, SNF 9.64, fat 2.15 and protein 3.53. However, it is understood that there is a significant deviation in the minimum and maximum values

Trol Gemilerinde Ana Makine Yakıt Tüketiminin Optimizasyonu ve CO2 Emisyonlarının Azaltılması

In this study on the determination and optimization of fuel consumption in trawlers, a system has been established which could display and record of instant and total fuel consumption, speed, position and engine rpm in Lamas-1 research vessel. The ideal rpm values for cruising andtrawling operation have been determined as 1000 rpm and 1400 rpm through the system respectively. The values obtained from cruise trials have been proved that speed increase of approximately 1 knot have been a hundred percent (100%) increase in the fuel consumption. Furthermore, obtained ideal rpm value for trawl operation has been achieved up to 28% fuel savings. CO2 emissions have been calculated from obtained cruising and trawling fuel consumptions. CO2 emissions of optimized rpm values have been compared for both cruising and trawling operation values, and the reduction of 88% and 43% attained respectively.Trol gemilerinde yakıt tüketiminin tespiti ve optimizasyonu üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada Lamas-1 araştırma gemisine anlık ve toplam yakıt tüketimi, hız, konum ve makine devrini gösteren ve kaydedebilen bir sistem kurulmuştur. Sistem aracılığıyla seyir ve trol operasyonu için ideal devir değerleri sırasıyla 1000 rpm ve 1400 rpm olarak belirlenmiştir. Seyir denemeleri sonucunda elde edilen değerler, yaklaşık 1 knot hız artışı için yakıt tüketiminin %100 arttığını göstermiştir. Trol operasyonunda ise elde edilen ideal devirin %28’e varan yakıt tasarrufu sağladığı bulunmuştur. Trol operasyonu ve seyir için elde edilen yakıt tüketimleri üzerinden CO2 emisyonları hesaplanmıştır. Optimize olarak tespit edilen devir değerlerinin CO2 emisyonları hem seyir hem trol operasyonu için diğer verilerle karşılaştırılmış ve sırasıyla %88 ve %43 emisyon azalması elde edilmiştir

The impact of hybrid capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling on treatment strategies in patients with solid tumors

Objective: The development of bioinformatics and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has provided insights into the ap-plicability and functionality of the genomic alterations (GA). In this study, we evaluated the impact of CGP on the treatment plan and outcomes in a significant number of patients. Material and Methods: We carried out a retrospective case-control study on 164 adult patients with advanced solid tumors from 15 oncology centers in Türkiye. Results: In all cases, CGP was performed within 23.8 [standard deviation (SD)±32.1] months of initial diagnosis. Non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, unknown primary carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and sarcoma were among the most common tumor types, accounting for 61.5% of all cases. CGP was performed immediately after the diagnosis of advanced cancer in 13 patients (7.9%). In 158 patients (96.4%), at least one GA was found as per the CGP report. Also, in the reports, the average tumor mutational burden (TMB) and GAs were 7.3 (SD±8.7) mut/Mb and 3.5 (SD±2.0), respectively. According to CGP reports, 58 patients had 79 evidence-based drug suggestions for their particular tumor type, whereas 97 patients had 153 evidence-based drug suggestions for another tumor type. After the primary oncologist interpreted the CGP reports, significant changes were made to the treatment of 35 (21.3%) patients. Conclusion: We strongly believe that in the future, high-TMB or other tumor-agnostic biomarkers will become much more afford-able, and CGP will serve as one of the major decision-making tools for the treatment of patients along with pathological, radiological or lab-oratory tests

Karides uzatma ağlarında hedeflenmeyen türlerin avcılığını azaltmaya yönelik araştırmalar

Uzatma ağı balıkçılığındaki hedef dışı demersal ıskarta türler İzmir Körfezi fanyalı karides balıkçılığında önemli bir problem olmaktadır. Hedef dışı yakalanan türler, balıkçılar için çalışma sürelerini arttırırken, ağların kullanım ömürlerini de azaltmaktadır. Problemin çözümü için mevcut kullanılan ağların kurşun yakasına sardon donatılarak iki grup deneysel ağ (DA1 ve DA2) ve mevcut ağlar (KAG) ile iki dönem içerisinde karşılaştırılmıştır. İlk dönemde DA1 ağ grubu KAG ağ grubuna oranla %36.46 daha az karides (Melicertus kerathurus) yakalamıştır. Bunun yanında %35.62 yengeç (Goneplax rhomboides), %40.71 karavida (Squila mantis) ve %44.77 madya (Bolinus brandaris) daha az avlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci döneminde DA2 ağ grubu çalışmaya ilave edilmiştir. Bu dönemde, DA1 ağ grubu KAG ağ grubuna oranla karides (%8.09), yengeç (%66.15), karavida (%26.79) ve madya (%32.25) daha az yakalanmıştır. DA2 ağ grubu ise KAG ağ grubuna oranla karides (%0.99), yengeç (%50.63), karavida (%17.33) ve madya (%25.92) daha az yakalanmıştır. Bu çalışma, karides uzatma ağlarında sardon kullanımının hedef dışı avın azaltılmasında etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ağlarda kullanılan sardonun yüksekliği hedef dışı avın azaltılmasında önemli bir kriterdir