5 research outputs found

    Characterization of Conserved and Promiscuous Human Rhinovirus CD4 T Cell Epitopes

    Get PDF
    This research was supported by UCM research special funds to P.A.R. and by the CAM research agency through grant IND2020/BMD-17364 to P.A.R.Human rhinovirus (RV) is the most common cause of upper respiratory infections and exacerbations of asthma. In this work, we selected 14 peptides (6 from RV A and 8 from RV C) encompassing potential CD4 T cell epitopes. Peptides were selected for being highly conserved in RV A and C serotypes and predicted to bind to multiple human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA II) molecules. We found positive T cell recall responses by interferon gamma (IFNγ)-ELISPOT assays to eight peptides, validating seven of them (three from RV A and four from RV C) as CD4 T cell epitopes through intracellular cytokine staining assays. Additionally, we verified their promiscuous binding to multiple HLA II molecules by quantitative binding assays. According to their experimental HLA II binding profile, the combination of all these seven epitopes could be recognized by >95% of the world population. We actually determined IFNγ responses to a pool encompassing these CD4 T cell epitopes by intracellular cytokine staining, finding positive responses in 29 out of 30 donors. The CD4 T cell epitopes identified in this study could be key to monitor RV infections and to develop peptide-based vaccines against most RV A and C serotypes.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

    Naturally presented HLA class I–restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-β are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes

    Get PDF
    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the immune system, and CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical actors in this autoimmune response. Pancreatic islets are surrounded by a mesh of nervous cells, the peri-insular Schwann cells, which are also targeted by autoreactive T lymphocytes and express specific antigens, such as the neurotrophic factor S100-β. Previous work has shown increased proliferative responses to whole S100-β in both human T1D patients and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We describe for the first time naturally processed and presented epitopes (NPPEs) presented by class I human leukocyte antigen–A*02:01 (A2.1) molecules derived from S100-β. These NPPEs triggered IFN-γ responses more frequently in both newly diagnosed and long-term T1D patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, the same NPPEs are recognized during the autoimmune response leading to diabetes in A2.1-transgenic NOD mice as early as 4 wk of age. Interestingly, when these NPPEs are used to prevent diabetes in this animal model, an acceleration of the disease is observed together with an exacerbation in insulitis and an increase in S100-β–specific cytotoxicity in vaccinated animals. Whether these can be used in diabetes prevention needs to be carefully evaluated in animal models before use in future clinical assays.—Calviño-Sampedro, C., Gomez-Tourino, I., Cordero, O. J., Reche, P. A., Gómez-Perosanz, M., Sánchez-Trincado, J. L., Rodríguez, M. Á., Sueiro, A. M., Viñuela, J. E., Calviño, R. V. Naturally presented HLA class I–restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-β are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetesThe authors thank Dr. Sefina Arif (King’s College London, London, United Kingdom) for critically reviewing the manuscript. This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant BIO2014-53091-C3-3-R to R.V.C.). During this work, I.G.-T. was supported by a Maria Barbeito predoctoral fellowship (Xunta de Galicia, La Coruña, Spain). During this work, C.C.-S. was supported by a Deputación da Coruña grant (2012–2013 and 2016–2017)S

    Identificación y caracterización de epítopos del rinovirus humano = $b Identification and characterization of Human Rhinovirus epitopes

    No full text
    Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 19-09-2022Los rinovirus humanos (HRV) son los responsables de la mayor parte de infecciones del tracto respiratorio. En la mayoría de individuos, las infecciones por HRV son relativamente leves y se limitan al tracto respiratorio superior, siendo la causa más frecuente de resfriado común. Sin embargo, en algunos individuos, particularmente en niños pequeños e individuos que padecen enfermedades respiratorias crónicas o están inmunodeprimidos, los HRV pueden infectar el tracto respiratorio inferior, causando síntomas severos de bronquiolitis y neumonía. Como en cualquier infección viral, la inmunidad adaptativa frente a los HRV está mediada por linfocitos T y B, que reconocen regiones específicas en los antígenos conocidas como epítopos. Los esfuerzos iniciales en caracterizar la respuesta adaptativa frente a HRV se centraron en identificar epítopos B en las proteínas de la cápside que pudieran ser reconocidos por anticuerpos circulantes. Desafortunadamente, el genoma de los HRV es muy plástico, y las proteínas de la cápside son muy variables entre diferentes serotipos. De hecho, atendiendo específicamente a la variabilidad encontrada en estas proteínas de la cápside se han descrito más de 170 serotipos diferentes. Como resultado, los anticuerpos neutralizantes solo pueden reconocer epítopos específicos de cada serotipo, exhibiendo poca o nula reactividad cruzada entre distintos serotipos. En conjunto con los anticuerpos neutralizantes, los linfocitos T juegan un papel crucial en la inmunidad frente a HRV. Interesantemente, a pesar de la baja similitud entre las proteínas de HRV, se ha demostrado que los linfocitos T CD4 y CD8 sí pueden reconocer múltiples serotipos, revelando la existencia de epítopos T conservados de HRV. Hasta ahora, tan solo se habían identificado unos pocos epítopos T CD4 conservados de HRV y, sorprendentemente, no se conocía ningún epítopo T CD8 de HRV. La identificación de estos epítopos T conservados en múltiples serotipos de HRV sería de gran interés por varios motivos, incluyendo la monitorización de las infecciones por HRV y el diseño de vacunas...Human rhinovirus (HRV) are the most frequent cause of viral respiratory tract infections worldwide. In most individuals, HRV infections are relatively mild and self-limited to the upper respiratory tract, being the most common cause of the common cold. However, in some subjects, particularly infants and individuals who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases or are immunocompromised, HRV can infect the lower respiratory tract, causing severe symptoms of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. As in any viral infection, adaptive immunity against HRV is mediated by B and T cells, which recognize specific sites in antigens known as epitopes. Initial efforts to characterize the adaptive immune response to HRV were aimed to identify B cell epitopes on capsid proteins, which could be targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, HRV genome is very plastic, and surface capsid proteins are particularly variable in different HRV strains. In fact, attending specifically to the variability found in these capsid proteins, over 170 distinct HRV serotypes have been described. As a result, neutralizing antibodies can only recognize serotype-specific epitopes, exhibiting little or no cross-reactivity between different serotypes. Along with neutralizing antibodies, T cells also play a crucial role in HRV immunity. Interestingly, despite the low sequence identity among HRV proteins, it has been shown that HRV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells can be reactive to multiple HRV serotypes, revealing the presence of HRV-specific conserved T cell epitopes. So far, only a few conserved HRV-specific CD4 T epitopes had been identified and surprisingly, HRV-specific CD8 T cell epitopes remained yet to be identified. Identification of these conserved HRV-specific epitopes is of great interest for many reasons, including monitoring of HRV infections, understanding viral immunopathology and vaccine design...Fac. de MedicinaTRUEunpu

    eFACS: una plataforma para la realización de practicas de laboratorio virtuales de citometría de flujo

    Get PDF
    En este proyecto hemos implementado un recurso online que permite simular el uso de un citómetro de Flujo de tres colores similar al FACScalibur. El citómetro de flujo es un instrumento esencial para la investigación básica y aplicada en biomedicina. Sin embargo, su uso requiere cierto entrenamiento y él análisis de muestras resulta costoso. Además, en universidades y hospitales no todos los departamentos disponen de un citómetro de flujo, usándose generalmente los disponibles en los centros de asistencia a la investigación. Como resultado los alumnos no tienen acceso a estos instrumentos y no tienen posibilidad de familiarizarse con las técnicas de citometría de flujo, recibiendo tan solo una información teórica sin llegar a saber hacer. En este contexto, la herramienta eFACS : • Soluciona la falta de accesibilidad y disponibilidad de citómetro de flujo para uso del estudiante • Posibilita la generación de material didáctico que permita al alumno planear y ejecutar un experimento de citometría de flujo y que aprendan haciendo. • Posibilita el entrenamiento de los usuarios en un simulador antes de enfrentarse a un citómetro de flujo real. El recurso eFACS es en conclusión un gran apoyo tanto para la docencia como para la investigación
    corecore