The experimental procedure for the encoding A) and for the recognition B) phase of the verbal learning task.

<p>The experimental procedure for the encoding A) and for the recognition B) phase of the verbal learning task.</p

The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking confidence rating as dependent variable (N = 7787; log-likelihood = 35888).

<p>Note: Random effect for subject intercept had SD of 12.49. SE: standard error of mean; df: degrees of freedom.</p><p>The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking confidence rating as dependent variable (N = 7787; log-likelihood = 35888).</p

The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking reaction-time as dependent variable (N = 5691; log-likelihood = -39621).

<p>Note: Random effect for subject intercept had SD of 148.7. SE: standard error of mean; df: degrees of freedom.</p><p>The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking reaction-time as dependent variable (N = 5691; log-likelihood = -39621).</p

D’ values were significantly and marginally higher for the temporal and parietal groups respectively, compared with the sham stimulation group.

<p>D’ value is zero at random choice. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisk indicates significant differences; the plus sign indicates marginally significant differences.</p

The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking accuracy as dependent variable (N = 8448; log-likelihood = -5269.6).

<p>Note: Random effect for subject intercept had SD of 0.16. SE: standard error of mean.</p><p>The summary of the fixed effects of the final model taking accuracy as dependent variable (N = 8448; log-likelihood = -5269.6).</p

The mean accuracies (%) were significantly higher for both the parietal and the temporal groups compared with the sham stimulation group.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Asterisks indicate significant differences.</p

Passive control of a swept-wing boundary layer using ring-type plasma actuators

Application of the ring-type plasma actuators for passive control of laminar- turbulent transition in a swept-wing boundary layer is investigated thorough direct numerical simulations. These actuators induce a wall-normal jet in the boundary layer and can act as virtual roughness elements. The flow configuration resembles experiments of Kim et al. (2016). The actuators are modelled by the volume forces computed from the experimentally measured induced velocity filed at the quiescent air condition. The natural surface roughness and unsteady perturbations are also included in the simulations. The interaction of generated vortices by the actuators with these perturbations is investigated in details. It is found that for a successful transition control the power of the actuator should be increased to generate a jet velocity one order of magnitude higher than that in the considered experiments. QC 20161125</p

Patients’ demographics and lesion characteristics.

<p>Patients’ demographics and lesion characteristics.</p

Perimetry measures and EEG.

<p><b>(A)</b> Primary and secondary analyses of VF outcome between- and within-groups after rtACS and sham-stimulation bar charts of primary (first upper graph) and secondary parameters of VF diagnostics measured using HRP and standard-automated static and kinetic perimetry. Results are given as medians and 95%-CI. Between-group comparisons were performed according to a pre-defined hypothesis using a one-sided U-test. Within-group BASELINE vs. POST and BASELINE vs. FOLLOW-UP comparisons were calculated separately for each treatment arm using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests. The respective p-values are reported with p<0.05 considered as significant. <b>(B)</b> Individual change in HRP VF charts at BASELINE and POST in the two best responding patients of both groups. By superimposing HRP computer campimetric VF charts of three repeated measurements, VF areas were categorized as intact (perfect stimulus detection at a given location, white spots), partially damaged/relative defect (inconsistent stimulus detection, grey spots), and absolutely impaired areas (no stimulus detected, black spots). Detection increases and decreases after intervention are shown in blue and red, respectively. The percentage improvement of the detection accuracy was comparable between the whole HRP VF 16x21.5° and the central 5° VF. <b>(C)</b> Power spectra before and after the first stimulation session. Left sub-figure: One session of tACS increased power of theta (Z = 3.583, p<0.001), alpha (t = 4.571, p<0.001) and beta bands (Z = 3.142, p = 0.002) recorded from electrode positions above the visual cortex. Middle sub-figure: After sham stimulation a significant power increase was observed for only the theta band (Z = 3.147, p = 0.002). Right sub-figure: Scatter plot showing the relation between change in alpha band coherence at the occipital area of interest and change in detection accuracy in total visual field (primary outcome measure).</p

Consort flow chart and study design.

<p><b>(A)</b> Patient flow for cases included in the primary outcome measure analysis. Of 98 eligible patients, 45 were treated with rtACS and 37 with sham-stimulation. Five subjects left the study between initial screening and BASELINE for different reasons and another five subjects were excluded due to violation of an inclusion criterion (unacceptable fluctuations between initial screening and BASELINE). During the treatment phase three subjects dropped out because of medical conditions that were unrelated to study participation. Three treated cases of legally blind subjects were excluded from subsequent analyses due to violation of inclusion criterion (no residual vision). <b>(B)</b> Study design with diagnostic and treatment visits. Randomization was done after BASELINE assessment. Stability of VF defects was ascertained by comparing VFs at BASELINE with those obtained during the screening visit 2 weeks earlier. Upon completion of the 10-day treatment, all initial diagnostic tests were repeated (POST). The FOLLOW-UP diagnostic assessment was conducted after a therapy-free interval of at least 2 months.</p