On the monomial birational maps of the projective space

We describe the group structure of monomial Cremona transformations. It follows that every element of this group is a product of quadratic monomial transformations, and geometric descriptions in terms of fans

Families of smooth curves on surface singularities and wedges

Following the study of the arc structure of singularities, initiated by J. Nash, we give criteria for the existence of smooth curves on a surface singularity (S,O) and of smooth branches of its generic hypersurface section. The main applications are the following: the existence of a natural partition of the set of smooth curves on (S,O) into families, a description of each of them by means of chains of infinitely near points and their associated maximal cycle and the existence of smooth curves on any sandwiched surface singularity. A wedge centered at a smooth curve on (S,O) is essentially a one-parameter deformation of the parametrization of the curve. We show that there is no wedge centered at smooth curves of two different families

Autour du problème des arcs de Nash pour les singularités isolées d'hypersurfaces

Soient k un corps algébriquement clos et V une variété algébrique sur k. Dans le but d'étudier la géométrie du lieu singulier de V, John Nash a introduit l'espace d'arcs et les espaces de m-jets, m>0, dans une prépublication de 1968 qui a été publiée en 1995. Il a aussi défini une application, actuellement connue sous le nom d'application de Nash, qui associe à chaque famille d'arcs passant par le lieu singulier de V (composante de Nash) un diviseur essentiel sur V. Nash a démontré que cette application est injective. Le problème de Nash consiste à étudier la surjectivité de l'application de Nash. Dans plusieurs cas de variétés V, la bijectivité de cette application a été prouvée. Or, un exemple d'une singularité isolée d'hypersurface de l'espace affine de dimension 5 avec deux diviseurs essentiels et une composante de Nash a été donné dans un article de 2003. À l'heure actuelle, déterminer l'image de l'application de Nash reste un problème difficile, mêmes dans le cas de singularités bien connues. Dans cette thèse, on démontre la bijectivité de l'application de Nash pour certaines familles de singularités isolées d'hypersurfaces des espaces affines de dimension 3 et 4.Be it that K is a closed algebraic field and V an algebraic variety on K. In the goal of studying the geometry of a singular space on V, John Nash introduced the space of arcs and the spaces of m-jets, m>0, in a 1968 preprint, published in 1995. He also defined an application, currently known as Nash's application, which associates an essential divisor on V to each arc family passing by V's singular space. Nash proved that this application is injective. The Nash problem consists of studying the surjectivity of the Nash application. In several cases of V varieties the bijectivity of this application has been proven. However an example of an isolated hypersurface singularity of affine space of dimension 5 with two essential divisors and one Nash component has been given in a 2003 article. Currently determining the image of the Nash application remains a difficult problem, even in the case of well known singularities. This thesis proves the bijectivity of the Nash application for certain families of isolated hypersurface singularities of the affine spaces of dimension 3 and 4.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF