The Stability and Growth Pact from the Perspective Of the New Member States

The purpose of this paper is to examine the fiscal characteristics of the new members in the light of the requirements of the SGP and the criticisms levelled against the Pact and to see in what ways their initial conditions differ from those faced by the current euro zone countries in the run-up to the adoption of the euro. Overall, because of the lower debt levels and greater yield convergence already achieved, the new members will be able to rely less on gains from yield convergence than the current euro zone members were able to do. EU accession will also have a negative net impact on the budgets of the new members in the early years of membership. We also look at the cyclical sensitivities of the budgets and find that in the new members the smoothing capacity of the automatic stabilizers might be weaker than in the current euro zone members. Beyond these general characteristics, we also emphasize that there are large differences in the starting fiscal positions of the new members. Some of the policy implications of our findings are discussed.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40095/3/wp709.pd

The Stability and Growth Pact from the Perspective of the New Member States

The purpose of this paper is to examine the fiscal characteristics of the new members in the light of the requirements of the SGP and the criticisms levelled against the Pact and to see in what ways their initial conditions differ from those faced by the current euro zone countries in the run-up to EMU. Overall, because of the lower debt levels and greater yield convergence already achieved, the new members will be able to rely less on gains from yield convergence than the current eurozone members were able to do in the run-up to EMU. EU accession will also have a negative net impact on the budgets of the new members in the early years of membership. We also look at the cyclical sensitivities of the budgets and find that in the new members the smoothing capacity of the automatic stabilizers might be weaker than in the current euro zone members. Beyond these general characteristics, we also emphasize that there are large differences in the starting fiscal positions of the new members. Some of the policy implications of our findings are discussed.EU enlargement, fiscal policy, fiscal rules, Stability and Growth Pact.

Thermal, chemical and spectral equilibration in heavy-ion collisions

We have considered the equilibration in a relativistic heavy ion collision using our transport model. We applied periodic boundary conditions to close the system in a box. We found that the thermal equilibration takes place in the first 20-40 fm/c which time is comparable to the duration of a heavy ion collision. The chemical equilibration is a much slower process and the system does not equilibrate in a heavy ion collision. We have also shown that the mass spectra of broad resonances immediately follows their in-medium spectral functions.Comment: 23 pages, 19 figure

The Stability and Growth Pact from the Perspective Of the New Member States

The purpose of this paper is to examine the fiscal characteristics of the new members in the light of the requirements of the SGP and the criticisms levelled against the Pact and to see in what ways their initial conditions differ from those faced by the current euro zone countries in the run-up to the adoption of the euro. Overall, because of the lower debt levels and greater yield convergence already achieved, the new members will be able to rely less on gains from yield convergence than the current euro zone members were able to do. EU accession will also have a negative net impact on the budgets of the new members in the early years of membership. We also look at the cyclical sensitivities of the budgets and find that in the new members the smoothing capacity of the automatic stabilizers might be weaker than in the current euro zone members. Beyond these general characteristics, we also emphasize that there are large differences in the starting fiscal positions of the new members. Some of the policy implications of our findings are discussed.EU enlargement, fiscal policy, fiscal rules, Stability and Growth Pact

A statistical method to estimate low-energy hadronic cross sections

In this article we propose a model based on the Statistical Bootstrap approach to estimate the cross sections of different hadronic reactions up to a few GeV in c.m.s energy. The method is based on the idea, when two particles collide a so called fireball is formed, which after a short time period decays statistically into a specific final state. To calculate the probabilities we use a phase space description extended with quark combinatorial factors and the possibility of more than one fireball formation. In a few simple cases the probability of a specific final state can be calculated analytically, where we show that the model is able to reproduce the ratios of the considered cross sections. We also show that the model is able to describe proton\,-\,antiproton annihilation at rest. In the latter case we used a numerical method to calculate the more complicated final state probabilities. Additionally, we examined the formation of strange and charmed mesons as well, where we used existing data to fit the relevant model parameters.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to EPJ

Rhinebeck Central School District and Rhinebeck Teachers Association, New York State United of Teachers (NYSUT), American Federation of Teachers (AFT), AFL-CIO (2011)

Recent trends in transport and communication infrastructures have had a profound impact on the tourism industry. Despite the growing number and importance of online travel agencies and travel metasearch sites tourism literature addressing this issue is very scarce. This paper aims to examine the temporal changes of return airfares on online travel agency (OTA) and travel metasearch websites from Budapest to three short-haul destinations for fixed departure dates in high and shoulder season. The study was based on quantitative research methods using automated internet data collection and statistical analysis (ANOVA tests). During the study, we created a database containing more than 31 thousand ticket prices over a 182-day period for the three selected destinations. Empirical findings showed that no single website offered lowest airfares consistently and metasearch sites outperformed OTAs in almost any cases by offering lower airfares. Results also indicated the best time to book flights on the selected sites, airfares for shoulder season were significantly cheaper than for high season and ticket prices tend to be more expensive on Mondays and Sundays

Mediacenter Model

Digitalization and convergence are two determining accompaniment in the market of multimedia enterprises. Shortly, one and only set will contain all functions of personal computers, televison sets, and mobile and line telephones as well, but despite of this multifunctionality, people can hold this new set in a pocket. This will change the structure of manufacturers, the activity of motion picture makers, and the behavior of consumers as well. The enterprises, using analog technology, will drop behind new entrants to market starting with digital, and surely lost the competition against those, which was able to develop, or change to digital technology. Digital broadcasting offers better image quality, and more economical transfer. The habits of watching television programme will also be converted into a more free way, according to the possibilities of Internet video share portals, but not neccessarily free of charge. The financial ways in Hungary, will also change just as in more developped countrys in Europe, and in the World.

Ismeretlen Ybl-tervek Theophil Hansen bécsi hagyatékában

Unknown Plans by Ybl in the Bequest of Theophil Hansen in Vienna In Theophil Hansen’s bequest in Vienna, a series consisting of three previously unknown sheets of paper is stored at the Akademie der bildenden Künste Kupferstichkabinett. These are contempo-raneous, partly coloured photographic copies of Miklós Ybl’s drawings of the Palace of Customs in Pest. The drawings are from the early planning stage of the Palace of Customs (mid-June to mid-July 1870), on which the Budapest City Archives’ Ybl Bequest holds very little data. In addition to their documentary value, these sheets are also important because of the precise information they pro vide regarding the various modifications that took place during the planning, including the exact chronology of these modifications. These documents also enable us to tie a perspec- tive view previ ously known from reproductions to this series and thereby date it more precisely. These three copies were made in Budapest and wound up in Vienna presumably because their au- thor asked his Viennese colleague and great authority Theophil Hansen to give an expert opinion on the plans. There are several examples of these kinds of professional connections in Ybl’s oeuvre (see the plans for the Basilica in Budapest)