Pre-School Children Diagnosed with Speech and Language Disorder Investigation of Communication Qualifications of Parent Carrying out Interactive Book Reading Activity

YÖK TEZ NO: 10538530Bu anket çalışması, doğru ebeveyn tutumları ve gerekli uyaranlar esas alınarak, ebeveynlerin okul öncesi konuşma bozukluğu olan/olmayan çocuklarına uyguladığı etkileşimli kitap okuma faaliyetinin, çocukların dil becerileri üzerindeki etkisini ve ebeveyn tutumlarının incelenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır.Araştırmaya Şanlıurfa’nın Haliliye, Karaköprü ve Eyübiye ilçelerinde yaşayan hastane, kreş vb kurumlar aracılığıyla tanı kriterlerini sağlayan okul öncesi çocuğu olan 111 ebeveyn katılım sağlamıştır. 89 katılımcı çocuğu dil ve konuşma tanısı almayan grubu oluştururken 22 katılımcı çocuğu dil ve konuşma tanısı alan grubu oluşturmaktadır. Veriler Google anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Yarı yapılandırılmış Anket Formu” ve Işıkoğlu Nesrin (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “Çocuk Ebeveyn Birlikte Okuma Etkinlikleri (ÇEBOE)” isimli ölçek kullanılmıştır.Çocuğu dil ve konuşma bozukluğu tanısı olmamış ebeveynlerin çocuk-ebeveyn birlikte okuma etkinlik düzeylerinin tanısı olan ebeveynlere göre daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmada, ebeveynin çocuğuyla yapacağı Etkileşimli Kitap Okuma faaliyetinin; ebeveyn faaliyete dair yeterlilik düzeyinin, okul öncesi bir çocuğun dil ve konuşma becerilerinin gelişiminde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Erken çocukluk döneminde çocukların ilk etkileşimleri ebeveynleri aracılığıyla başlamaktadır. Çocuk, temel becerileri bu süreçte kazanır. Gerekli uyaranlar temel becerilerin kazanım sürecini hızlandırmaktadır. Araştırmalar, çeşitli uyaranlar kullanılarak yapılan etkileşimli kitap okuma faaliyetinin, çocuğun temel kazanımlarını edinmeye başladığı dönemlerde, ebeveynlerin doğru tutumlar kullanarak, doğru uyaranlarla yaptıkları uygulamaların, çocuğun temel dil becerilerinden; alıcı dil, ifade edici dil, semantik ve pragmatik dil becerileri üzerindeki etkilerinin oldukça büyük rol oynadığını göstermektedir

Recent Trends in Sterilization Methods of Biopolymer Biomaterials

Sterilization problems of various biopolymers used as biomaterials are still continuing today. Since biopolymers are not resistant to such effects as high temperature, pressure, strain, etc., the existing methods are still being used for sterilization while new quests are ongoing. Due to the different properties of each of the various biopolymers, it is necessary to investigate and apply the different and optimal solution method for each. Chitosan, Polylactic Acid (PLA), Poly Lactic Glyco Acid (PLGA) used as cell skeleton in tissue engineering, silk fibrin used for cell skeleton, bioadhesive plasma and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), there is a need for separate sterilization for each of the different types and properties of biopolymers. Sterilization methods such as Gamma/Beta/UV irradiation, ethylene oxide, water vapor, plasma (RFGD), CO2,&nbsp;Peracetic acid / antibiotic solution, autoclave, dry heat is still used. However, if these methods are not suitable for the material, the chemical and physical structure of the biopolymer used may be impaired and the plasma properties and density may change. It has been observed that various methods must be used for the sterilization of various polymers in different physical states on the basis of the studies made. Despite the fact that the most common method used in the world is the gamma irradiation method, the negative effects of gamma rays on the environment, the user and the material are known and new investigations continue. In the target sterilization method, the material is intended to&nbsp;remain sterile and to remain unchanged without deteriorating its original properties. For all these reasons, a search for newer sterilization methods is still needed.KEYWORDS - Biopolymer Sterilization, Sterilization Problems, Biopoly</p

Biotribology of Cartilage Wear in Knee and Hip Joints Review of Recent Developments

Nowadays, the problem of wear in the knee and hip joints is an important issue that concerns many people and still requires new solutions. In recent years, researchers dealing with knee and hip articular cartilage erosion continue to investigate the subject in terms of biotribology. In this study, recent developments and studies in this relevant area are been examined. By using the basic principles of tribology, useful new methods that can be used in the field of biotribology can be produced. Artificial joints designed using various materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers and composites are still being studied. New studies in this area will affect the development of implant technology. Different alloys or composites are currently being tested for new implant designs. Moving implants with a risk of wear are tested in laboratory conditions in simulator devices before they are used in the human body. Major topics such as nanotechnology, tissue engineering, orthopedics, tribology, biotribology, lubrication, organ transplantation and artificial organs, which are still important today, will be useful in the search for finding suitable solutions in the future in biotribological studies. This review article aims to provide an overview of in-vitro studies at the theoretical and laboratory conditions that must be performed prior to clinical investigation.</p

Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite-hexagonal boron nitride composite coatings on Ti substrate

In this study, commercial pure titanium samples were coated with nano hydroxyapatite-nano hexagonal boron nitride (nano HA-nano hBN) composite by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effect of process parameters (applied voltage, deposition time and solid concentration) on the coating morphology, thickness and the adhesion behavior were studied systematically and crack free nano hBN-nano HA composite coating production was achieved for developing bioactive coatings on titanium substrates for orthopedic applications. For the examination of structural and morphological characteristics of the coating surfaces, various complementary analysis methods were performed. For the structural characterization, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy were used while, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques were carried out for revealing the morphological characterization. The results showed that nano HA-nano hBN were successfully deposited on Ti surface with uniform, crack-free coating by EPD. The amounts of hBN in suspension are considered to have no effect on coating thickness. By adding hBN into HA, the morphology of HA did not change and hBN has no significant effect on porous structure. These nanostructured surfaces are expected to be suitable for proliferation of cells and have high potential for bioactive materials

Structural and chemical analysis of hydroxyapatite (HA)-Boron nitride (BN) nanocomposites sintered under different atmospheric conditions

Calcium phosphate derivatives have been widely employed in medical and dental applications for hard tissue repair, since they are the main inorganic constitution of hard tissue; such as bones and teeth. Owing to their excellent osteoconductive and bioactive properties, Hydroxyapatite (HA) based ceramics are the best candidates of this group for medical, bioscience and dental applications. However, when replacing a bone or tooth, HA is not able to sustain similar mechanical properties. In this study, to improve the mechanical properties, nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (nhBN) with different compositional percentages was added to the nano HA (nHA) to form composites. The effect of compositional changes and sintering parameters on microstructural and morphological properties of the ceramic composites was comparatively investigated. Detailed chemical characterization of the composite materials was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigations were employed to monitor morphological and surface features. Additional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigations were carried out to reveal the nanostructure and crystal structure of the composites

The effect of sintering conditions on the formation of hydroxyapatite-boron nitride nanocomposites

Being the main inorganic constitution of hard tissues (bone and teeth),calcium phosphates has been applied in medical and dental applications in hard tissue repair. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics have attracted attention because of their excellent osteoconductive and bioactive properties. In spite of having sufficient biocompatibility, HAp cannot perform the expected mechanical properties of a hard tissue. It is considered that, the production of composites by adding a variety of materials to nHAp would improve mechanical properties and by controlling important parameters such as particle size and shape, particle distribution and agglomeration also affect the mechanical properties. Accordingly, nano-sized hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) having different compositional percentages was added to the nHAp to form novel composites with expected properties and the effect of sintering process on microstructure and morphological properties of sintered composites were investigated. For the structural characterization, XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and EDS were used, and for the identification of morphology and surface features, TEM, SEM and FIB and AFM techniques were utilized