What works (and what does not) to incorporate ethics as a cross curricular competence?

In 2013, an ambitious plan was implemented at Universitat Politècnica de València aiming at ensuring that all graduates achieved a set of 13 transversal competences which would make them excellent graduates not only from a technical point of view, but also beyond. One of these competences in which we want to train and assess our students is "ethical, environmental and professional responsibility". This paper presents the study carried out to check whether this objective is achieved or not for graduates from six different degrees taught at UPV. To this end, we analysed activities developed within each Bachelor degree curriculum, studying the suitability of each activity to the level of knowledge required in each course. We also analysed the perception of students and lecturers in charge of incorporating this transversal content within their subjects. In view of the results obtained, "good practices" are proposed, indicating the activities carried out which have succeeded in increasing the students' training and knowledge related to this topic. Activities, which, despite being carried out for a certain purpose, do not manage to work on and assess this cross curricular competence, are discussed

STARTUPV: Different approaches in mentoring and tutorship for entrepreneurs in the three stages of a university entrepreneurial ecosystem

Year after year, a crowd of students from the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), a polytechnic university in Valencia (Spain) with over 30,000 students, are encouraged to start their own business projects. Since 1992, IDEAS UPV, the Entrepreneurial service at UPV, has been mentoring entrepreneurs. Up till now, IDEAS UPV has helped in the generation of close to 1000 new businesses with a survival rate of over 60% in five years. In 2012, IDEAS UPV introduced new mentoring and tutorship activities for students by the creation of a business incubator within the university campus. StartUPV is currently a 5-year startup incubation programme and an entrepreneurial ecosystem with more than 300 startups and more than 50 million euros of overall private investment StartUPV programme is divided into three different stages: (i) STAND UP, in which startups define a business model and complete a validation process; (ii) START UP, in which startups achieve a targeted market share and build their company management team; and (iii) SCALE UP, in which startups achieve maturity and scale to other international markets. As university students and their startups face different needs in every step of the programme, different approaches for mentoring and tutorship are applied in every stage. For instance, a startup in the first stage is mentored in business modelling or market segmentation, while a scale up requires a more specific mentorship in dealing with corporates and venture capital. These different approaches are analysed in this work including the main findings of the 10 years of this programme

The UPV Design Factory. What is it good for?

Universities have the challenge and responsibility to society to train good professionals. Moreover, they must adapt to current demands. They must do so not only by improving the contents of the different degree programs but also by incorporating new programs and activities that help students develop soft skills, teamwork, connections between the university and real life, making them the best professionals and excellent citizens. To this end, in 2014, the UPV launched a program called Design Factory to channel and frame initiatives carried out by students to develop their prototypes and participate in student competitions. The program facilitates the creation of interdisciplinary learning communities in which students are committed to their goals, their teams, and the university. The program's spirit is to encourage learning in an eminently practical way. Students have to lead the projects, attract and select candidates, manage a budget, carry out their activities and try to achieve their goals, which involves many soft skills. For the program's operation, the university provides a team including management, technical and administrative staff, facilities, and economic endowment to the teams to carry out their activities. Funds are distributed in terms of the quality proposal, impact on the university, and results from the previous edition. More than 2,000 students participate in more than 60 engaged teams whose coordinators show high satisfaction with their roles in the current academic year

Know-how transfer in an entrepreneurial ecosystem

Universities have a very important role in entrepreneurial education. University students are not only trained in their specific areas, but they are also trained in entrepreneurial skills to lead teams and to develop leading innovations that will be applied into different markets. Since 2012, the entrepreneurial ecosystem from Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain), StartUPV, has implemented several education programs for its community, creating a whole learning roadmap with specific training for each stage of the startup. For instance: hypothesis validation, sales funnel, finance, etc. However, one of the main challenges was how to transfer the know-how generated by each startup to the entire ecosystem. Beyond mentoring some projects altruistically, the need was detected to create a framework in which the entrepreneurs themselves could share their knowledge with the rest of their colleagues in the ecosystem. To this end, StartUPV Academies were created in 2015. These sessions consist of small training pills, led by a member of one of the startups in the ecosystem, on a variety of topics: a new programming language, tips for creating marketing campaigns on social networks, how to negotiate with investors, etc. More than 200 entrepreneurs have attended the StartUPV Academies, and an average of 8 sessions have been held per year. In this paper we analyze these programs, including the main conclusions of more than 5 years of implementation

Revisiting the student outcome "ethical, environmental and professional responsibility" within the Civil Engineering Bachelor Degree

[EN] In 2013, an institutional project was launched at Universitat Politècnica de València to ensure that all graduates, in addition to acquiring the specific technological skills of their degrees, would also acquire a series of essential soft skills for developing their profession in an excellent way. At present, there are already graduates who have completed the degree with the integration of generic outcomes; therefore, it is time to review the success that the project has achieved. One of these generic outcomes is "Ethical, environmental and professional responsibility". In this work, we develop a diagnosis of the current state of this competence in the civil engineering BSc degree programme, and we analyse the level of acquisition of the competence by students. For this purpose, the subjects in which this generic competence is worked on and evaluated will be analysed, studying how lecturers introduce it within different activities to collect evidences of the competence level of acquisition. We also studied whether the results obtained respond to the expected learning goals. The diagnosis will be completed by collecting opinions from last year students, as well as by interviewing lecturers responsible for these subjects. The final objective of the project will be to estimate at what extent the students have acquired this competence upon graduation and to propose improvement measures if necessary.Gimenez-Carbo, E.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Andrés-Doménech, I. (2020). Revisiting the student outcome "ethical, environmental and professional responsibility" within the Civil Engineering Bachelor Degree. SEFI. 802-809. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/177483S80280

Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions

[EN] The crest elevation of mound breakwaters is usually designed considering a tolerable mean wave overtopping discharge. However, pedestrian safety, characterized by the overtopping layer thickness (OLT) and the overtopping flow velocity (OFV), is becoming more relevant due to the reduction of the crest freeboards of coastal structures. Studies in the literature focusing on OLT and OFV do not consider the bottom slope effect, even if it has a remarkable impact on mound breakwater design under depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on the influence of the bottom slope on OLT and OFV exceeded by 2% of incoming waves, hc,2% and uc,2%. A total of 235 2D physical tests were conducted on conventional mound breakwaters with a single-layer Cubipod® and double-layer rock and cube armors with 2% and 4% bottom slopes. Neural networks were used to determine the optimum point to estimate wave characteristics for hc,2% and uc,2% calculation; that point was located at a distance from the model toe of three times the water depth at the toe (hs) of the structure. The influence of the bottom slope is studied using trained neural networks with fixed wave conditions in the wave generation zone; hc,2% slightly decreases and uc,2% increases as the gradient of the bottom slope increases.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grant BIA2015-70436-R and RTI2018-101073-B-I00. The first author was also financially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte through the FPU program (Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) under grant FPU16/05081.Mares-Nasarre, P.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2020). Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 8(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010003S11681www.overtopping-manual.comMolines, J., & Medina, J. R. (2016). Explicit Wave-Overtopping Formula for Mound Breakwaters with Crown Walls Using CLASH Neural Network–Derived Data. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 142(3), 04015024. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000322Nørgaard, J. Q. H., Lykke Andersen, T., & Burcharth, H. F. (2014). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes in shallow water wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 83, 15-23. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.09.003Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 149, 15-27. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.03.006Mares-Nasarre, P., Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Overtopping layer thickness and overtopping flow velocity on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 154, 103561. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103561Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2017). Hydraulic stability of rock armors in breaking wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 127, 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.06.010Van Gent, M. R. A. (2003). WAVE OVERTOPPING EVENTS AT DIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0185Schüttrumpf, H., Möller, J., & Oumeraci, H. (2003). OVERTOPPING FLOW PARAMETERS ON THE INNER SLOPE OF SEADIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0178Gent, M. R. A. van. (2001). Wave Runup on Dikes with Shallow Foreshores. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 127(5), 254-262. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2001)127:5(254)Van der Meer, J. W., Hardeman, B., Steendam, G. J., Schuttrumpf, H., & Verheij, H. (2011). FLOW DEPTHS AND VELOCITIES AT CREST AND LANDWARD SLOPE OF A DIKE, IN THEORY AND WITH THE WAVE OVERTOPPING SIMULATOR. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(32), 10. doi:10.9753/icce.v32.structures.10Lorke, S., Scheres, B., Schüttrumpf, H., Bornschein, A., & Pohl, R. (2012). PHYSICAL MODEL TESTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING AND FLOW PROCESSES ON DIKE CRESTS INFLUENCED BY WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(33), 34. doi:10.9753/icce.v33.waves.34Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2015). Toe berm design for very shallow waters on steep sea bottoms. Coastal Engineering, 103, 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.005Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2014). Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 140(1), 100-108. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000223Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M., & Medina, J. (2018). Hydraulic Stability of the Armor Layer of Overtopped Breakwaters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 143. doi:10.3390/jmse6040143Gómez-Martín, M., Herrera, M., Gonzalez-Escriva, J., & Medina, J. (2018). Cubipod® Armor Design in Depth-Limited Regular Wave-Breaking Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 150. doi:10.3390/jmse6040150Battjes, J. A., & Groenendijk, H. W. (2000). Wave height distributions on shallow foreshores. Coastal Engineering, 40(3), 161-182. doi:10.1016/s0378-3839(00)00007-7Victor, L., van der Meer, J. W., & Troch, P. (2012). Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards. Coastal Engineering, 64, 87-101. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.003Verhagen, H. J., van Vledder, G., & Arab, S. E. (2009). A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR DESIGN OF COASTAL STRUCTURES IN SHALLOW WATER. Coastal Engineering 2008. doi:10.1142/9789814277426_0241Van Gent, M. R. A., van den Boogaard, H. F. P., Pozueta, B., & Medina, J. R. (2007). Neural network modelling of wave overtopping at coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 54(8), 586-593. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.12.001Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2018). Estimations of wave forces on crown walls based on wave overtopping rates. Coastal Engineering, 132, 50-62. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.00

Design and construction of the western breakwater for the outer port at Punta Langosteira (A Coruña, Spain)

This paper describes the design process, hydraulic stability tests and construction of the Cubipod® armored Western breakwater at Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña, Spain), located on the Atlantic coast of Spain. The environmental, geotechnical, economic and logistic conditions favored randomly-placed Cubipods for single-layer armoring of the trunk. 3D hydraulic stability tests were carried out to validate the final design of the Western Breakwater; two models were tested with single- and double-layer Cubipod armors in the trunk and roundhead, respectively. Single-layer 25- and 30-tonne Cubipod® armors were used for the trunk section and a double-layer 45-tonne Cubipod® armor was used for the roundhead. During this project, new challenges were overcome, such as constructing a transition between single and double-layer armors, and manufacturing and handling of 45-tonne Cubipods. The transition in the armor thickness was solved by modifying the filter thickness under the main armor, to ensure a homogeneous external armor profile. Breakwater construction finished in November 2016 with no significant problem or delay in the original schedule

Design and construction of the western breakwater for the outer port at Punta Langosteira (A Coruña, Spain)

This paper describes the design process, hydraulic stability tests and construction of the Cubipod® armored Western breakwater at Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A Coruña, Spain), located on the Atlantic coast of Spain. The environmental, geotechnical, economic and logistic conditions favored randomly-placed Cubipods for single-layer armoring of the trunk. 3D hydraulic stability tests were carried out to validate the final design of the Western Breakwater; two models were tested with single- and double-layer Cubipod armors in the trunk and roundhead, respectively. Single-layer 25- and 30-tonne Cubipod® armors were used for the trunk section and a double-layer 45-tonne Cubipod® armor was used for the roundhead. During this project, new challenges were overcome, such as constructing a transition between single and double-layer armors, and manufacturing and handling of 45-tonne Cubipods. The transition in the armor thickness was solved by modifying the filter thickness under the main armor, to ensure a homogeneous external armor profile. Breakwater construction finished in November 2016 with no significant problem or delay in the original schedule

Armor Porosity and Hydraulic Stability of Mound Breakwaters

Armor porosity significantly affects construction costs and hydraulic stability of mound breakwaters; however, most hydraulic stability formulas do not include armor porosity or packing density as an explicative variable. 2D hydraulic stability tests of conventional randomly-placed double-layer cube armors with different armor porosities are analyzed. The stability number showed a significant 1.2-power relationship with the packing density, similar to what has been found in the literature for other armor units; thus, the higher the porosity, the lower the hydraulic stability. To avoid uncontrolled model effects, the packing density should be routinely measured and reported in small-scale tests and monitored at prototype scale.The authors are grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (Grant BIA2012-33967) and CDTI (CUBIPOD and CLIOMAR Projects). The second author was funded through the FPU program (Formación del Profesorado Universitario, Grant AP2010-4366) by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte

Numerical Study of Wave Forces on Crown Walls of Mound Breakwaters with Parapets

[EN] The influence of parapets on crown walls of mound breakwaters on wave forces has not been extensively analyzed in the literature. In this study, numerical experiments were carried out using the open-source platform OpenFOAM(R) to evaluate the influence of nine crown wall geometries with and without parapets. The OpenFOAM(R) model was validated with laboratory experiments. Dimensionless horizontal forces and overturning moments due to horizontal forces increase when there is a parapet. Dimensionless up-lift forces provide similar results, regardless of the existence of a parapet. Crown walls with parapets increase the horizontal wave forces and overturning moments due to horizontal wave forces by a factor of two.This research was funded by (1) Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Grant SP20180111, Primeros Proyectos de Investigacion (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Innovacion y Transferencia de la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) and (2) Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Grant RTI2018-101073-B-I00).Molines, J.; Bayón, A.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2020). Numerical Study of Wave Forces on Crown Walls of Mound Breakwaters with Parapets. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 8(4):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040276S11584Molines, J., Bayon, A., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Influence of Parapets on Wave Overtopping on Mound Breakwaters with Crown Walls. Sustainability, 11(24), 7109. doi:10.3390/su11247109Martinelli, L., Ruol, P., Volpato, M., Favaretto, C., Castellino, M., De Girolamo, P., … Sammarco, P. (2018). Experimental investigation on non-breaking wave forces and overtopping at the recurved parapets of vertical breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 141, 52-67. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.017Nørgaard, J. Q. H., Andersen, T. L., & Burcharth, H. F. (2013). Wave loads on rubble mound breakwater crown walls in deep and shallow water wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 80, 137-147. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.06.003Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2018). Estimations of wave forces on crown walls based on wave overtopping rates. Coastal Engineering, 132, 50-62. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.004Van Gent, M. R. A., & van der Werf, I. M. (2019). Influence of oblique wave attack on wave overtopping and forces on rubble mound breakwater crest walls. Coastal Engineering, 151, 78-96. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.04.001Castellino, M., Sammarco, P., Romano, A., Martinelli, L., Ruol, P., Franco, L., & De Girolamo, P. (2018). Large impulsive forces on recurved parapets under non-breaking waves. A numerical study. Coastal Engineering, 136, 1-15. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.01.012Issa, R. . (1986). Solution of the implicitly discretised fluid flow equations by operator-splitting. Journal of Computational Physics, 62(1), 40-65. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(86)90099-9Patankar, S. ., & Spalding, D. . (1972). A calculation procedure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 15(10), 1787-1806. doi:10.1016/0017-9310(72)90054-3Jacobsen, N. G., van Gent, M. R. A., Capel, A., & Borsboom, M. (2018). Numerical prediction of integrated wave loads on crest walls on top of rubble mound structures. Coastal Engineering, 142, 110-124. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.10.004Jensen, B., Jacobsen, N. G., & Christensen, E. D. (2014). Investigations on the porous media equations and resistance coefficients for coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 84, 56-72. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.11.004Hirt, C. ., & Nichols, B. . (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201-225. doi:10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5Berberović, E., van Hinsberg, N. P., Jakirlić, S., Roisman, I. V., & Tropea, C. (2009). Drop impact onto a liquid layer of finite thickness: Dynamics of the cavity evolution. Physical Review E, 79(3). doi:10.1103/physreve.79.036306Jacobsen, N. G., van Gent, M. R. A., & Wolters, G. (2015). Numerical analysis of the interaction of irregular waves with two dimensional permeable coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 102, 13-29. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.05.004Higuera, P., Lara, J. L., & Losada, I. J. (2014). Three-dimensional interaction of waves and porous coastal structures using OpenFOAM®. Part II: Application. Coastal Engineering, 83, 259-270. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.09.002Higuera, P., Lara, J. L., & Losada, I. J. (2013). Realistic wave generation and active wave absorption for Navier–Stokes models. Coastal Engineering, 71, 102-118. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.07.002Higuera, P., Lara, J. L., & Losada, I. J. (2013). Simulating coastal engineering processes with OpenFOAM®. Coastal Engineering, 71, 119-134. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.06.002Higuera, P., Lara, J. L., & Losada, I. J. (2014). Three-dimensional interaction of waves and porous coastal structures using OpenFOAM®. Part I: Formulation and validation. Coastal Engineering, 83, 243-258. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.08.010Bayon-Barrachina, A., & Lopez-Jimenez, P. A. (2015). Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 17(4), 662-678. doi:10.2166/hydro.2015.041Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., Vallés-Morán, F. ​José, & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump. Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322-335. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018Bayon, A., Toro, J. P., Bombardelli, F. A., Matos, J., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2018). Influence of VOF technique, turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated, skimming flow in stepped spillways. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 19, 137-149. doi:10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002Romano, A., Bellotti, G., Briganti, R., & Franco, L. (2015). Uncertainties in the physical modelling of the wave overtopping over a rubble mound breakwater: The role of the seeding number and of the test duration. Coastal Engineering, 103, 15-21. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.05.00