Matching pollution with adaptive changes in mangrove plants by multivariate statistics. A case study, Rhizophora mangle from four neotropical mangroves in Brazil

Roots of mangrove trees have an important role in depurating water and sediments by retaining metals that may accumulate in different plant tissues, affecting physiological processes and anatomy. The present study aimed to evaluate adaptive changes in root of Rhizophora mangle in response to different levels of chemical elements (metals/metalloids) in interstitial water and sediments from four neotropical mangroves in Brazil. What sets this study apart from other studies is that we not only investigate adaptive modifications in R. mangle but also changes in environments where this plant grows, evaluating correspondence between physical, chemical and biological issues by a combined set of multivariate statistical methods (pattern recognition). Thus, we looked to match changes in the environment with adaptations in plants. Multivariate statistics highlighted that the lignified periderm and the air gaps are directly related to the environmental contamination. Current results provide new evidences of root anatomical strategies to deal with contaminated environments. Multivariate statistics greatly contributes to extrapolate results from complex data matrixes obtained when analyzing environmental issues, pointing out parameters involved in environmental changes and also evidencing the adaptive response of the exposed biota. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.Fil: Souza, Iara da Costa. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Morozesk, Mariana. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Duarte, Ian Drumond. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Bonomo, Marina Marques. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Rocha, Lívia Dorsch. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Furlan, Larissa Maria. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Arrivabene, Hiulana Pereira. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Monferran, Magdalena Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fernandes, Marisa Narciso. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasi

Rescuing the Brazilian Agave breeding program: morphophysiological and molecular characterization of a new germplasm

Agaves have been a valuable resource in dryland areas for centuries, providing fibers (sisal), food, and beverages. However, the advent of synthetic fibers has led to a decrease in research on Agave, resulting in the cessation of breeding programs in Brazil. With the rise of climate change, there is renewed interest in Agave for its potential as a biofuel feedstock in semiarid regions. Since 2016, we have been collecting Agave accessions throughout the country and retrieving what is left of Brazil’s original breeding program to establish a new germplasm bank. Here, we evaluated 21 of those accessions growing in the field. We used molecular markers and morphophysiological traits to characterize the plants. Based on the Mayahuelin molecular marker, we were able to reconstruct a phylogeny for the Brazilian accessions. The morphophysiological traits explained 34.6% of the phenotypic variation in the dataset, with physiological traits such as leaf water content, effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and specific leaf mass (SLM) as the most significant traits. Specifically, we evaluated nine Agave species and found that the physiological traits, rather than the morphological ones, were the most significant. Leaf water content was negatively correlated with specific leaf mass, which could be used as a marker for selecting cultivars with higher biomass accumulation. Interestingly, ΦPSII and chlorophyll content were negatively correlated, suggesting photochemical adaptations throughout the rosette. Molecular and phenotypic data suggest that A. amaniensis, which is frequently considered a synonym of A. sisalana, is effectively another species. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the physiological traits of Brazilian Agave accessions and is a starting point for selecting more productive and climate-resilient cultivars for biorenewables production

Estudo morfofisiológico e anatômico de dois genótipos de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) submetidos a diferentes condições de radiação solar

A luminosidade desponta como um dos fatores abióticos de maior importância no estabelecimento das plantas, podendo ocasionar alterações a nível fisiológico e anatômico, interferindo diretamente no desenvolvimento das mesmas e consequentemente, sua produtividade. O cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao – Malvaceae) possui grande interesse econômico devido à utilização de suas sementes para produção de manteiga de cacau e chocolate. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar características fisiológicas e anatômicas de dois genótipos de cacaueiro (PH 16 e IPIRANGA 01), submetidos a diferentes condições de radiação solar de modo a inferir a respeito das condições de luminosidade mais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento dos mesmos. Foram realizadas análises de crescimento, teor de pigmentos, trocas gasosas e anatômicas caulinares e foliares. O delineamento experimental foi em Blocos casualizados (DBC), com 4 repetições em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5, constituído de dois genótipos e 5 níveis de luminosidade (0% - pleno sol -, 18%, 30%, 50% e 80% de sombreamento), totalizando 40 parcelas com 10 plantas cada. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. Os resultados de crescimento indicam maior adaptação, de ambos os genótipos, em condições de irradiância alta a moderada. O índice de qualidade de Dickson demonstrou maior capacidade de sobrevivência em condições de campo a níveis altos de irradiância para o genótipo PH 16 e a níveis de irradiância moderada para IPIRANGA 01. Os teores de pigmentos fotossintetizantes de IPIRANGA 01 mostram-se mais elevados na condição de 30% de sombreamento, enquanto que, para PH 16 os maiores teores foram observados em 50% de sombreamento. Ambos os genótipos demonstraram altas taxas de A, Ci, E, A/E, A/Gs e A/Ci, sob elevadas irradiâncias, assim como adaptações anatômicas caulinares e foliares a maiores luminosidades, tais como, maior espessamento do limbo foliar, parênquima paliçádico, esponjoso, limbo foliar, epiderme adaxial e densidade estomática, além de maior densidade e frequência de elementos de vaso e espessura do xilema secundário. Os genótipos PH 16 e IPIRANGA 01 apresentaram uma grande plasticidade em relação aos diferentes níveis de irradiância, no entanto, constatou-se que PH 16 apresentou melhor desempenho sob condições de alta irradiância, como as obtidas nos tratamentos a pleno sol e 18% de sombreamento, enquanto que, IPIRANGA 01 mostrou-se mais adaptado sob sombreamento moderado, a 30% de sombra.The luminosity emerges as one of the most important abiotic factors in the establishment of plants and can cause changes in physiological and anatomical, interfering directly in their development and consequently their productivity. The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao - Malvaceae ) has great economic interest due to the use of its seeds to produce cocoa butter and chocolate. In this sense, the objective of this study was to compare physiological and anatomical characteristics of two genotypes of cacao (PH 16 and IPIRANGA 01), subject to different conditions of solar radiation in order to infer about the lighting conditions most favorable to their development. Analyses of growth, pigment content, gas exchange and anatomical stem and leaf. The experimental design was randomized blocks (DBC), with four replications in a factorial 2 x 5 , consisting of two genotypes and 5 brightness levels ( 0 % - full sun - 18 % , 30 % , 50 % and 80% shading), totaling 40 plots with 10 plants each. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. The results indicate higher growth adaptation in both genotypes under conditions of moderate to high irradiance. The quality index Dickson demonstrated greater ability to survive under field conditions with high levels of irradiance for genotype PH 16 and moderate levels of irradiance for IPIRANGA 01. The content of photosynthetic pigments of IPIRANGA 01 show up higher in the condition of 30% shade, while for PH 16 the highest levels were observed in 50% shade . Both genotypes showed high rates of A, C , E, A / E , A / Gs and A / Ci, under high irradiance, as well as stem and leaf anatomical adaptations to higher luminosities, such as greater thickening of the leaf, parenchyma palisade and spongy, leaf blade, adaxial stomatal density, higher density, frequency of vessel elements and thickness of secondary xylem . Genotypes PH 16 and IPIRANGA 01 showed a large plasticity in relation to different levels of irradiance, however, it was found that PH 16 performed better under high irradiance, as obtained from treatments in full sun and 18% shade, while IPIRANGA 01 was more adapted under moderate shading, 30% shading

INDICATION FOR THE PALATINE MEMORY PLATE FOR CHILDREN WITH TRISSOMY 21: A SCOPE REVIEW PROTOCOL

This study refers to a scoping review protocol. Original research articles that address palatal memory splint therapy as a form of treatment for children with Trisomy 21 will be included, without limitation of language or year of publication. Studies with experimental and quasi-experimental designs will be eligible, including randomized controlled studies, non-randomized controlled studies, as well as interrupted time series studies. The information collected will be summarized in tables to identify the most frequently adopted parameters. Based on this synthesis, a protocol for prescribing parameters for indicating the palatal memory plate for children with T21 will be developed. The parameters will be selected not only by frequency, but mainly by the results reported in the studies

Adaptação de Alunos de Medicina em Anos Iniciais da Formação

RESUMO No início e no decorrer da graduação, problemas de adaptação, competitividade, decepção, solidão e dificuldade nos relacionamentos constituem importantes fontes de sofrimento para os graduandos de Medicina. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e percepções de acadêmicos do segundo ano de Medicina de uma faculdade do interior do Estado de São Paulo quanto a motivações na escolha do curso e instituição, dificuldades de adaptação à vida universitária e saída de casa. Foram incluídos 38 alunos, que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos pesquisadores, que continha dados de identificação, levantamento socioeconômico e perguntas sobre o curso, disciplinas, faculdade e vida fora de casa. Nos resultados, quanto à motivação para escolha do curso, destaca-se a afinidade pela área da saúde (n = 27). As principais dificuldades de adaptação à graduação citadas foram excessivo número de atividades (n = 24) e falta de organização pessoal (n = 17). Em relação à saída de casa, relataram saudade do convívio familiar (n = 35), associada a maior liberdade (n = 19). Com relação à faculdade, destaca-se a falta de assistência/organização para receber os alunos (n = 11), sugerindo que se dê maior atenção ao acolhimento e apoio no período de adaptação

Vocal and self-perception effects of straw phonation exercises

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the acoustic and self-perceived voice changes in women with and without voice symptoms after 1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes of straw phonation exercises. Methods: a total of 30 women aged 18 to 39 years participated in the study - 17 with and 13 without voice symptoms. The participants filled in the visual analog scale on self-perceived voice discomfort. The sustained vowel /ɛ/ was recorded in maximum phonation time before (m0) and after the first, third, fifth, and seventh minute performing straw phonation exercises. The maximum phonation time was measured, and an acoustic analysis was made, encompassing the following parameters: the number of harmonics, fundamental frequency, noise, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE), jitter, and shimmer. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare each parameter at the different moments, and the Mann-Whitney test, to compare the groups. The 5% significance level was set for the analyses. Results: no changes were found in either the acoustic variables or the self-perception of voice comparing the moments before and after the exercises in either group. The comparison between the groups revealed that the one with voice symptoms had lower GNE and higher noise values at the second moment performing the technique. Conclusion: the straw phonation did not cause acoustic or self-perceived voice changes in women with and without voice symptoms. The comparison between the groups showed that the women with symptoms had lower GNE and higher noise values than those without symptoms, after 1 minute performing straw phonation

Adaptive plasticity of Laguncularia racemosa in response to different environmental conditions: integrating chemical and biological data by chemometrics

Mangroves are dynamic environments under constant influence of anthropic contaminants. The correlation between environmental contamination levels and possible changes in the morphology of plants, evaluated by multivariate statistics helps to highlight matching between these variables. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake and translocation of metals and metalloids in roots and leaves as well as the changes induced in both anatomy and histochemistry of roots of Laguncularia racemosa inhabiting two estuaries of Espírito Santo (Brazil) with different pollution degrees. The analysis of 14 elements in interstitial water, sediments and plants followed by multivariate statistics, allowed the differentiation of studied sites, showing good match between levels of elements in the environment with the corresponding in plants. L. racemosa showed variations in their root anatomy in different collection areas, with highest values of cortex/vascular cylinder ratio, periderm thickness and air gap area in Vitória Bay, the most polluted sampling area. These three parameters were also important to differentiate the mangrove areas by linear discriminant analysis. The development stage of aerenchyma in roots reflected the oxygen availability in the water, being found a negative correlation between these variables. The combined use of chemical and biological analyses responded quite well to different pollution scenarios, matching morphological responses to physical and chemical parameters, measured at different partitions within the estuary. Thus, L. racemosa can be confirmed as a reliable sentinel plant for biomonitoring of estuaries impacted by anthropic pollution.Fil: da Souza, Lara. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Marques Bonomo, Marina. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Morozesk, Mariana. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Dorsch Rocha, Livia. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Drumond Duarte, Ian. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Furlan, Larissa Maria. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Pereira Arrivabene, Hiulana. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Monferran, Magdalena Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Dias Milanez, Camila Rozindo. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Narciso Fernandes, Marisa. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasi

Sinistro - Consumismo

Ensino Médio::LiteraturaEnsino Médio::Língua PortuguesaEpisódio III de vídeo Sinistros e atividades pós-exibiçãoEste software deve ser feito após o vídeo Sinistros ep. III ter sido assistido, e depois de as atividades pós-exibição terem sido feitas. Ele é acompanhado de um Guia do Professo

Sinistro - Consumismo

Este software deve ser feito após o vídeo Sinistros ep. III ter sido assistido, e depois de as atividades pós-exibição terem sido feitas. Ele é acompanhado de um Guia do ProfessorEpisódio III de vídeo Sinistros e atividades pós-exibiçãoEnsino Médio::Língua PortuguesaEnsino Médio::Literatur