Effect of different concentrations of bioslurry on the germination and production of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.) = Efecto de diferentes concentraciones de biol en la germinación y producción de plantines de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

El tomate es uno de los principales productos hortícolas en la Argentina. Su cultivo es intensivo en el uso de fertilizantes y pesticidas, que impactan negativamente al ambiente. Los fertilizantes químicos de uso habitual son, en cierta medida, gradualmente reemplazados por biofertilizantes líquidos. Un biofertilizante líquido (biol) elaborado en base a estiércol de cabra, restos vegetales frescos y algunos insumos minerales, fue caracterizado fisicoquímicamente. Para evaluar su efecto en el desempeño del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), se realizaron dos ensayos entre octubre y noviembre de 2020: una prueba de germinación de semillas con diluciones crecientes biol (0 a 15%); y otro ensayo en un invernadero ubicado en Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, para evaluar el efecto de las diferentes dosis de biol (5, 10 y 15%), comparado con un plan de fertilización comercial de plántulas en bandejas plásticas. En ambos casos se utilizó un diseño de parcelas completamente aleatorizadas. El biol en concentraciones superiores al 5% afectó negativamente la germinación de las semillas de tomate. El biofertilizante logró un efecto nutricional en las plántulas, comparado con el testigo sin fertilizar. Sin embargo, este efecto fue inferior al tratamiento con fertilizantes comerciales. Es recomendable iniciar las aplicaciones de biol luego de que las plántulas hayan emergido. Se necesitan mayores estudios respecto de concentraciones de uso, dosis y frecuencias de aplicación de los biofertilizantes y su adecuación a diferentes cultivos. Asimismo, para lograr el efecto de un programa de fertilización comercial, será necesario combinar bioles enriquecidos, con otros bioinsumos que complementen la nutrición vegetal.Tomato is one of the main horticultural products in Argentina. Its cultivation is intensive in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment. The chemical fertilizers commonly used are, to some extent, gradually being replaced by liquid biofertilizers. A liquid biofertilizer (bioslurry) made from goat manure, fresh plant residues, and some mineral inputs was physicochemically characterized. To evaluate its effect on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) performance, two trials were conducted between October and November 2020: a seed germination test with increasing bioslurry dilutions (0 to 15%); and another trial in a greenhouse located in Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, to evaluate the effect of different doses of bioslurry (5, 10 and 15%), compared to a commercial fertilization plan for seedlings in plastic trays. The experimental design used was completely randomized plots in both cases. Bioslurry at concentrations above 5% negatively affected tomato seed germination. The biofertilizer achieved a nutritional effect on seedlings compared to the unfertilized control. However, this effect was inferior to the treatment with commercial fertilizers. It is advisable to initiate applications of bioslurry after seedlings have emerged. Further studies are needed on biofertilizer use concentrations, doses, application frequencies, and suitability for different crops. Also, to achieve the effect of a commercial fertilization program, it will be necessary to combine enriched bioslurry with other bio inputs that complement plant nutrition.EEA MendozaFil: Aguado, German Dario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Uliarte, Ernesto Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Sensores comunitarios para ciudadanos inteligentes : Una experiencia desde la universidad pública

El paradigma ciudadano de monitoreo ha cambiado definitivamente la forma en que se construye conocimiento acerca de la calidad del aire. La proliferación de sensores, dispositivos, empresas, comunidades, plataformas y documentos de agencias oficiales que buscan guiar su adopción, adaptación y control; marcan un rumbo claro en ese sentido. En nuestro contexto esta tendencia global se presenta cada vez con mayor fuerza y como oportunidad concreta ante la prácticamente inexistente red de monitoreo local. Sin embargo, existe una gran diferencia en el cómo los dispositivos y el acceso a los datos son pensados y producidos por distintos actores. A grandes rasgos podemos diferencias dos grupos, uno cerrado y centralizado, donde se piensa a los dispositivos como bienes de consumo para ciudadanos que producen datos para plataformas cerradas (ej IQAir) y otro, abierto y distribuido, basado en tecnologías y plataformas abiertas donde los ciudadanos colaboran para desarrollar los dispositivos, publicar los datos y generar historias que permitan accionar colectivamente en la esfera pública (ej. Sensor Community). Consideramos importante dar a conocer y promover este tipo de iniciativas distribuidas y abiertas para guiar la adopción a nivel local y formar, e informar a, ciudadanos que escapen a la algorítmica cerrada y estupefaciente de las ciudades inteligentes En este póster se presentarán algunos resultados y conclusiones del primer Taller de ensamblado y experimentación con prototipos de Sensor Community con estudiantes de la materia Contaminación y Saneamiento Ambiental en la carrera de Ing. Recursos Naturales Renovables de la UN Cuyo.Facultad de Informátic

Effect of bioslurries on tomato Solanum lycopersicum L and lettuce Lactuca sativa development

Bioslurries, obtained by anaerobic digestion of fresh organic matter, are emerging as a cheaper and low-impact alternative for synthetic products in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate bioslurry obtained from biogas digestion (Biog), bioslurry for plant nutrition by FAO (Bfao), and lactic fermentation (Blac) as biostimulant in tomato and lettuce plants. Based on a toxicity test, a 10% dilution was finally applied to the plants. In lettuce, Bfao and Blac significantly increased aerial biomass (2.17 ±0.54 and 2.33 ±1.13 g respectively), regarding water control (1.16 ±0.60 g), while root biomass was only increased by Bfao (1.60 ±0.44 g) compared to control (0.66 ±0.34 g). All digestates increased chlorophyll content index (CCI), while yield (Fv/Fm) and performance index (Plabs) did not show differences with water control. In tomato, only aerial biomass was significantly increased by Bfao. All digestates significantly increased CCI, while Fv/Fm was only significantly higher in Bfao and Blac, related to water control. PIabs showed no differences. In both plant species, commercial fertilizer showed significantly higher values for all parameters. In conclusion, all digestates stimulated plant growth, Bfao showed the highest effect on tomatoes and lettuce biomass followed by Blac and Biog, being a cheaper, safer and lower-impact alternative for traditional products for crop growing. Highlights Digestates are valuable by-products, with different characteristics and effects on plant biomass, suggesting complex interactions. All digestates stimulated tomatoes and lettuce growth. The digestate designed by FAO showed the highest effect on plant biomass, constituting an adequate alternative for a cheaper, safer and low-impact strategy for crop growth.Bioslurries, obtained by anaerobic digestion of fresh organic matter, are emerging as a cheaper and low-impact alternative for synthetic products in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate bioslurry obtained from biogas digestion (Biog), bioslurry for plant nutrition by FAO (Bfao), and lactic fermentation (Blac) as biostimulant in tomato and lettuce plants. Based on a toxicity test, a 10% dilution was finally applied to the plants. In lettuce, Bfao and Blac significantly increased aerial biomass (2.17 ±0.54 and 2.33 ±1.13 g respectively), regarding water control (1.16 ±0.60 g), while root biomass was only increased by Bfao (1.60 ±0.44 g) compared to control (0.66 ±0.34 g). All digestates increased chlorophyll content index (CCI), while yield (Fv/Fm) and performance index (Plabs) did not show differences with water control. In tomato, only aerial biomass was significantly increased by Bfao. All digestates significantly increased CCI, while Fv/Fm was only significantly higher in Bfao and Blac, related to water control. PIabs showed no differences. In both plant species, commercial fertilizer showed significantly higher values for all parameters. In conclusion, all digestates stimulated plant growth, Bfao showed the highest effect on tomatoes and lettuce biomass followed by Blac and Biog, being a cheaper, safer and lower-impact alternative for traditional products for crop growing. Highlights Digestates are valuable by-products, with different characteristics and effects on plant biomass, suggesting complex interactions. All digestates stimulated tomatoes and lettuce growth. The digestate designed by FAO showed the highest effect on plant biomass, constituting an adequate alternative for a cheaper, safer and low-impact strategy for crop growth

Performance of grape marc and organic residues compost as substrate in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings = Eficiencia del compost de orujo de uva y residuos orgánicos como sustrato en plantines de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)

Composting is an aerobic process used to treat organic residues, which results in a high quality product, able to be adopted as plant substrate or soil amendment. In the present study, the performance of compost on the germination and biomass of Lactuca sativa var Grand rapids seedlings, with and without fertilization, was evaluated. The two types of composts used were prepared from two different raw materials: grape marc and a mixture of grape marc, goat manure, leaves and alfalfa. The experiment was carried out in seedling trays, in a split plot design with two factors (fertilization and substrate) and four repetitions. Sand were used as control and a commercial substrate as traditional treatment. Results indicated that fertilization had not significant effect on germination, but increased seedling biomass. Both compost also increased lettuce biomass, with the highest values obtained in mixture compost treatments. Only sand produced the lowest germination values, while no differences were detected among the other substrates. Compost mixture showed the highest seedling biomass, suggesting a higher quality as a plant substrate. It is necessary to perform further analyses and studies with different organic residues in order to determine physico-chemical and biological properties to evaluate the quality of the product obtained.El compostaje permite reducir y reciclar residuos orgánicos, generando un producto apto para ser utilizado como sustrato para el crecimiento de plantines florales y hortí-colas o como enmienda de suelos. En el presente trabajo, se evaluó el efecto del compost elaborado a partir de orujo de uva agotado y de una mezcla de orujo, guano de cabra, hojas y alfalfa, sobre la germinación y biomasa de plantines de Lactuca sativa var Grand rapids, con y sin fertilización. Se trabajó en bandejas de siembra con un diseño de parcelas divididas con dos factores (sustrato y fertilización), utilizando, arena como control y un sustrato comercial como tratamiento tradicional. Los resultados indicaron que la fertilización no tuvo efecto significativo sobre la germinación, obteniéndose los menores valores con la arena, sin encontrarse diferencias entre el resto de los sustratos. Por otro lado, ambos tipos de compost produjeron mayor biomasa que el sustrato comercial y la arena, efecto que se incrementó con la fertilización. El compost mezcla fue el sustrato que produjo el mayor crecimiento de plantines de lechuga, lo que indicaría una mayor calidad para ser utilizado como sustrato. Es necesario continuar con estudios para determinar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas del compost que permitan evaluar la calidad de producto obtenido.EEA MendozaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Aguado, German Dario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: De Biazi, Federico Sebastian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Ana Sofía. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Martinez, Laura Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Uliarte, Ernesto Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentin

Halotolerant native bacteria Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 alleviate saline stress in tomato plants

Salinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that limit the growth and productivity of crops. The use of halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that increase the growth of salt-stressed crops is an environmentally friendly alternative to promote plant yield under salinity. The aim of this study was to test native PGPR, isolated according to their tolerance to NaCl, and to evaluate their influence on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits promoted by salt stress in tomato plants. Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 were selected as the most efficient strains in terms of salt tolerance. Both strains were classified as moderately resistant to salinity (NaCl) and maintained their plant growth-promoting activities, such as nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, even in the presence of high levels of salt. The results of a greenhouse experiment demonstrated that PGPR inoculation increased root and shoot dry weight, stem diameter, plant height, and leaf area compared to control non-inoculated plants under non-saline stress conditions, reversing the effects of salinity. Inoculated plants showed increased tolerance to salt conditions by reducing electrolyte leakage (improved membrane stability) and lipid peroxidation and increasing chlorophyll quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the performance index. Also, inoculation increased the accumulation of proline and antioxidant non-enzymatic compounds, such as carotenes and total phenolic compounds. The catalase and peroxidase activities increased with salinity, but the effect was reversed by Enterobacter 64S1. In conclusion, Enterobacter 64S1 and Pseudomonas 42P4 isolated from salt-affected regions have the potential to alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress in tomato crops.EEA La ConsultaFil: Pérez Rodriguez, María Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Rodriguez, María Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Pontin, Mariela Ana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lobato Ureche, Miguel Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lobato Ureche, Miguel Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gordillo, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina.Fil: Cohen, Ana Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Cohen, Ana Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Elaboración de compost, té de compost y biol para su uso como fertilizantes y controladores de enfermedades en plantas

Se evaluó la calidad de compost (elaborado con orujo de uva agotado, guano de cabra, hojas, y alfalfa, en pilas volteadas), té de compost aireado, no aireado, y biol. Durante el proceso de compostaje se evaluó la influencia de una cubierta plástica transparente, en el producto final, variables físico-químicas y biológicas, y la calidad como sustrato en lechuga, y en los productos líquidos, su capacidad fertilizante en plantas y de control in vitro de Botrytis cinerea. La cubierta plástica afectó negativamente la presencia de algunos microorganismos. El compost presentó mayor calidad nutricional con valores de biomasa en lechuga superiores al sustrato comercial. Las plantas tratadas con biol presentaron valores de biomasa similares a los de un fertilizante comercial, y todos los productos controlaron el crecimiento de B. cinerea. Los resultados indican que estos bioinsumos presentan una gran potencialidad para ser utilizados en cultivos.In the present study, compost (acquired mixing grape marc, goat manure, leaves and alfalfa, in turned piles), aerated and no aerated compost tea, and bioslurry quality was tested. We evaluated, during composting process, a transparent plastic cover effect; in the final product, physicochemical, biological and substrate quality; and in liquid products, fertilizer quality and in vitro biocontrol capacity of Botrytis cinerea. Plastic cover negatively affected microorganisms activity. Compost presented the highest nutrient concentration, with superior plant biomass values respect to a commercial substrate. Bioslurry treatments presented plant biomass values similar to a commercial fertilizer, and all liquid products controlled B. cinerea growth. Our results suggest that the bioinsumes present the potentiality to be used in crops.EEA MendozaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Aroca, Matías. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: González Gallerano, Constanza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Arias, María Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Escoriaza, Maria Georgina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Longone, Maria Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Pisi, Gabriel Enrique. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Laura Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Laura Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Uliarte, Ernesto Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentin

Exhausted grape marc and organic residues composting with polyethylene cover: process and quality evaluation as plant substrate

In Argentina, wine production is one of the most important economic activities, producing a large quantities of organic wastes. Composting is a viable alternative to treat these residues, with the possibility to obtain high-quality products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of goat manure, leaves from garden raking and alfalfa to exhausted grape marc and the influence of plastic cover on the composting process and the quality of the finished product. Composting was carried out in turned piles in a total randomized design. Temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, micro and macro elements, biological parameters, stability and structure were determined with the goal to assess product quality. Mixture compost presented higher macro and micro elements content (especially P, Mn and Zn) than grape marc compost. Plastic cover showed no significant effect on physico-chemical parameters, while microorganisms were affected, with higher cellulolytic and nitrifying content in uncovered piles. In all composts, parameters indicated stability and no pathogens (Salmonella sp.) were detected. Pot assay with Lactuca sativa suggested that all compost revealed adequate substrate quality, with higher plant biomass values than commercial substrate and sand (Control), even with fertilization. Mixture compost showed significantly higher biomass and nutrient absorption values relative to the remaining evaluated substrates, suggesting that the use of goat manure and leaves added to exhausted grape marc, as raw material resulted in higher compost quality. All together indicated that the use of polyethylene cover negatively affect microorganisms content and a higher diversity of organic residues composted would result in higher microbiological activity and nutritional grade product.EEA MendozaFil: Funes Pinter, Mariano Ivan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Ana Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Laura Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Riera, Nicolas Iván. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Aguado, German Dario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Uliarte, Ernesto Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentin