Quantum Vacuum and Anomalies

Chiral, conformal and ghost number anomalies are discussed from the viewpoint of the quantum vacuum in Hamiltonian formalism. After introducing the energy cut-off, we derive known anomalies in a new way. We show that the physical origin of the anomalies is the zero point fluctuation of bosonic or fermionic field. We first point out that the chiral U(1) anomaly is understood as the creation of the chirality at the bottom of the regularized Dirac sea in classical electromagnetic field. In the study of the (1+1) dimensional quantum vacuum of matter field coupled to the gravity, we give a physically intuitive picture of the conformal anomaly. The central charges are evaluated from the vacuum energy. We clarify that the non-Hermitian regularization factor of the vacuum energy is responsible for the ghost number anomaly.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures included in a uuencoded file, phyzzx, OU-HEP-19

Motions of the String Solutions in the XXZ Spin Chain under a Varying Twist

We determine the motions of the roots of the Bethe ansatz equation for the ground state in the XXZ spin chain under a varying twist angle. This is done by analytic as well as numerical study at a finite size system. In the attractive critical regime $0< \Delta <1$, we reveal intriguing motions of strings due to the finite size corrections to the length of the strings: in the case of two-strings, the roots collide into the branch points perpendicularly to the imaginary axis, while in the case of three-strings, they fluctuate around the center of the string. These are successfully generalized to the case of $n$-string. These results are used to determine the final configuration of the momenta as well as that of the phase shift functions. We obtain these as well as the period and the Berry phase also in the regime $\Delta \leq -1$, establishing the continuity of the previous results at $-1 < \Delta < 0$ to this regime. We argue that the Berry phase can be used as a measure of the statistics of the quasiparticle ( or the bound state) involved in the process.Comment: An important reference is added and mentioned at the end of the tex

QED2+1_{2+1} with Nonzero Fermion Density and Quantum Hall Effect

A general expression for the conductivity in the QED$_{2+1}$ with nonzero fermion density in the uniform magnetic field is derived. It is shown that the conductivity is entirely determined by the Chern-Simons coefficient: $\sigma_{ij}=\varepsilon_{ij}~{\cal C}$ and is a step-function of the chemical potential and the magnetic field.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX; FIAN/TD/94-0

大島紬の意匠について(第1報) : 文様とその発想源

I started my study of the cloth of the Amami Islands generally called \u27Oshima tsumugi (=the Oshima pongee)\u27in September, 1972 (the 47th year of Showa). The peculiar beauty to the design (gara) of the Oshima pongee is now widely known, so I made it the object of my study to examine the various types of the design and to inquire into the nature of their inventions. The literature concerning the Oshima pongee part of which I have already used in this study is very rare and precious. So hereafter I must go on with the task of copying, and photographing it, and with the research on, and the analysis of, the materials which I have collected, I think. 1. As for the things in nature represented by the designs of the Oshima pongee, they are many and varied from plants and animals such as \u27cycad\u27, \u27flower\u27, and \u27fish-eye (=yummu)\u27to inanimate things such as \u27mountain-path\u27 and \u27river or water\u27. As for the artificial things represented by them, they are for the most part geometrical forms such as \u27toy windmill (gajamasha)\u27, \u27rug\u27, and \u27medal\u27. 2. It has been proved by my examination of the materials that purely abstract things are rarely invented and used as designs and such things in nature as we can see or touch in our daily life, whether artificial or natural, are the chief things which inspire weavers of the Oshima pongee. This shows that for their inspiration or invention the weavers depend largely on their affection for those things in daily life which are familiar to them

〓

I examined the taste of aged women for colour in their clothes. (They were of sixty-six women in their fifties, of fifty-four women in their sixties, and of forty-three women in their seventies.) The following are the results of the examination. (1) Purple navy (5PB 3/8) and beige (2.5Y 8.5/2) are a colour which is the most favourite with the aged women, but women in their seventies have a taste for brown (5YR 5/6), which is a remarkable change in taste. (2) Women in their fifties and women in their twenties have a taste of almost the same nature. (3) Beige (2.5Y 8.5/2) which is one of the warm colours is the most favourite both with women in their twenties and with aged women, and orange (2.5YR 6/14) is the least favourite colour in clothes. For colours which are most liked such as beige and blue, women in their twenties and aged women have a relatively similar taste, but for the least favourite colour orange they have a taste of quite the same nature

〓

I continued my inquiry into the nature of the invention of gara or designs of the Oshima pongee, which I started last year, and some results of which I had already put forth in the preceding paper. This time I examined not only the designs representing the patterns on the skin of habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis, , the poisonous snake endemic to the Ryukyu Islands) but also the synthesized designs representing various things, both natural and artificial. 1. The designs completed as cloth designs represent those seen, as it were three-dimentionally, on the body of the snake, that is, on its back, sides and underside. 2. The cloth designs (gara) represent the skin patterns on the snake partly as it is dead but mostly as it is alive and moving, Therefore they have a winding appearance. 3. The cloth designs invented as such represent the skin patterns of the snake, but the elements composing them are \u27fish-eye\u27(=yummu), and \u27cycad\u27 (which are natural) and \u27toy windmill\u27 (=gajamasha) (which is artificial), and they are combined in an exquisite and complicated way to make complete cloth designs. 4. In the Amami Islands, the inhabitants have long awed the poisonous snake as a taboo reptile and the messenger of God but its strong poison has been a great object of fear to them. Therefore it is all the more noticeable that they could get from it hints on their invention of cloth designs

Spectral flow of non-hermitian Heisenberg spin chain with complex twist

We investigate the spectral flow of the integrable non-hermitian Heisenberg spin chain under boundary conditions with complex twist angle. It is shown that the period of the spectral flow is $4\pi$ up to a certain critical imaginary twist, beyond which the period jumps successively to higher values. We argue that this phenomenon caused by non-hermitian properties of the system is closely related to the metal-insulator transition caused by non-hermitian hoppings for the one-dimensional insulator.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, to appear in NP

Feasibility study of two schedules of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with advanced solid tumors

Background Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors, as well as of other receptor types. We have performed a feasibility study to investigate the safety of sunitinib in combination with pemetrexed for treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors. Methods Sunitinib was administered once daily on a continuous daily dosing (CDD) schedule (37.5 mg/day) or a 2-weeks-on, 1-week-off treatment schedule (50 mg/day, Schedule 2/1) in combination with pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2 on day 1 of repeated 21-day cycles. Results Twelve patients were enrolled in the study: six on the CDD schedule and six on Schedule 2/1. None of the treated patients experienced a dose-limiting toxicity. Toxicities were manageable and similar in type to those observed in monotherapy studies of sunitinib and pemetrexed. Pharmacokinetic analysis did not reveal any substantial drug–drug interaction. One patient with squamous cell lung cancer showed a partial response and five patients had stable disease. Conclusions Combination therapy with sunitinib administered on Schedule 2/1 (50 mg/day) or a CDD schedule (37.5 mg/day) together with standard-dose pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) was well tolerated in previously treated patients with advanced solid tumors