The pseudo-single-crystal method: a third approach to crystal structure determination

A novel method that enables single-crystal diffraction data to be obtained from a powder sample is presented

Three-dimensional alignment of cellulose II microcrystals under a strong magnetic field

In this study, enzymatic synthesis was conducted using cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP), sucrose phosphorylase (SP), and sucrose with 1-azido-1-deoxy-β-glucoside (β-glucosyl azide) as the acceptor in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. This yielded cellulose oligomers (degree of polymerization, DP ≈ 10) with azido groups at the reducing end as a white precipitate. A suspension of cellulose microcrystals with exposed azido groups on the surface was obtained via dissolution and recrystallization of the synthetic products dispersed in water by heating. The flat, ribbon-like cellulose microcrystals were a crystalline form of cellulose II and were several micrometers in length and several hundred nanometers in width. The microcrystals were 5.1–5.2 nm thick, which is equivalent to the chain length of cellulose oligomers with DP ≈ 10. When the cellulose II microcrystal suspensions were dried under a horizontal static magnetic field of 8 T, oriented films were obtained, wherein the microcrystals were aligned three-dimensionally. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of the films revealed that the easy and intermediate axes (χ₁ and χ₂, respectively) of the cellulose II crystals corresponded approximately to the [1 1 0] and [1 ̅₁ 0] directions, respectively

Uso de fármacos analgésicos em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca neonatal

The objectives of this study were to verify the frequency of pharmacological analgesia and the occurrence of postoperative pain in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected from 30 medical charts of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. RESULTS: The majority (96.6%) of neonates received analgesia: 18 (60.0%) received continuous analgesics, five (16.7%) received intermittent drugs, and six (20.0%) received a combination of continuous and intermittent analgesics. Fentanyl citrate was continuously administered to 24 (80.0%) neonates. Intermittent dipyrone and morphine was administered to ten (33.3%) and one (3.3%) neonates, respectively. Pain registers were observed in 17 (56.7%) medical charts and the occurrence of pain among neonates who received analgesics was 53.4%. CONCLUSION: There was no efficacy in pharmacological postoperative pain control in the neonates included in this study.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron verificar la frecuencia de cobertura analgésica farmacológica y la aparición de dolor postoperatorio en neonatos sometidos a la cirugía cardiaca. MÉTODO: Se Trata de un estudio transversal con recolección de datos de Historias Clínicas de 30 neonatos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en un hospital privado de la ciudad de San Pablo. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de cobertura analgésica fue de 96,6%, 18(60,0%) recibieron analgesia continua, cinco (16,7%) intermitente y seis (20,0%) intermitente y continua. El citrato de fentanil fue administrado continuamente a 24 (80,0%) neonatos. Dipirona y morfina fueron administradas en dosis intermitentes a diez (33,3%) y a un (3,3%) neonatos, respectivamente. Fueron identificados registros de ocurrencia de dolor en 17 (56,7%) Historias Clínicas. La ocurrencia de dolor postoperatorio en recién nacidos con cobertura analgésica fue 53,4 %. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos apuntan que el abordaje analgésico adoptado se mostró ineficaz para controlar el dolor postoperatorio en los neonatos estudiados.Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar freqüência de cobertura analgésica farmacológica e ocorrência de dor pós-operatória em neonatos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados de prontuários de 30 neonatos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital privado da cidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de cobertura analgésica foi de 96,6%, 18(60%) receberam analgesia contínua, cinco (16,7%) intermitente e seis (20%) intermitente e contínua. O citrato de fentanil foi administrado continuamente a 24 (80%) neonatos. Dipirona e morfina foram administradas em doses intermitentes a dez (33,3%) e um (3,3%) neonato, respectivamente. Foram identificados registros de ocorrência de dor em 17 (56,7%) prontuários. A ocorrência de dor pós-operatória em recém-nascidos com cobertura analgésica foi 53,4%. CONCLUSÃO: os dados apontam que a abordagem analgésica adotada mostrou-se ineficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória nos neonatos estudados