Amount of Knowledge about Sex Trafficking in the United States among Valparaiso University Students

This research proposal will address awareness among students, concentrating on males, at Valparaiso University. Little research has been conducted on awareness alone, let alone awareness of college students. Therefore, this research will be filling a gap. It’s important for low awareness levels to increase because awareness is the first step toward change. The researchers will develop an online survey to be administered to a sample of the students attending Valparaiso University to gauge their awareness. After the results are collected, they will be analyzed, and reported upon. Sex trafficking is a major problem for the United States. Finding out college students’ awareness will help identify how much the educated future generation knows about sex trafficking so that they will be able to combat it. Education is key. This study will be useful for nonprofit and government organizations seeking to educate the general population about sex trafficking. This study will show whether men or women know more about sex trafficking and at what year in college they know more and less. The study can pinpoint the at risk groups who are the most unaware and target them specifically

A Toolkit of Motivational Skills: How to Help Others Reach for Change

A Toolkit of Motivational Skills, Third Edition, draws on the latest research to show how the Motivational Interviewing approach can be effectively utilized to draw out and sustain an individual’s internal motivation for behavioral change. • Updated with a wide range of applications and practical examples of motivational techniques which have effectively helped others to change • Updated with a wide range of applications and practical examples of motivational techniques which have effectively helped others to change • Features a variety of supplemental resources including 16 online video examples of MI in action, with a workbook chapter that helps readers analyse each video in detail • Includes new illustrations and diagrams designed to amplify the text and make it an engaging and enjoyable reading experienc

Better definitions, better buildings?

Because of the magnitude of their impact on the environment, the way we design, build and operate our buildings must change. So-called &lsquo;sustainable&rsquo; buildings are now appearing in our cities. However, the term &lsquo;sustainable&rsquo; is now so widely used that it has lost all meaning. Other equally ill-defined descriptions are also being used of the new generation of buildings appearing in the built environment. These terms, including &lsquo;environmentally friendly&rsquo;, &lsquo;low energy&rsquo; and &lsquo;green&rsquo;. This paper argues that a lack of clarity over meaning can foster illusions, reflect careless thinking and/or provide cover for a business-as-usual agenda. In universities, courses for today&rsquo;s architecture and construction management students are being redesigned to include &lsquo;sustainability&rsquo;. However, a review of subject guides from Schools of Architecture in Australian universities indicates that &lsquo;sustainability&rsquo; is also being used misleadingly. While there is merit in both of the professional accreditation systems for buildings in Australia, there is certainly room for improvement. One scheme reinforces illusions by rewarding features that should merely be regarded as good building design. The &lsquo;sustainability&rsquo; objectives of the other scheme have narrowed significantly from the original intent. The authors conclude that the critical thinking of our students will be sharpened by defining sustainability correctly and that meaningless descriptors of buildings must be challenged.<br /

Study of heat flow through a rammed earth wall building

In 1999, a 2100 m2 (GFA) two-storey rammed earth building was built on the Thurgoona campus of Charles Sturt University. The climate at Thurgoona is considered Mediterranean &ndash; hot dry summers and cool winters. The internal and external walls of the building are constructed from 300-mm thick rammed earth (pise) and are load bearing. The thermal performance of the building has been investigated, both experimentally and theoretically over the summer and winter seasons of 2000/1. As part of these investigations heat flux sensors and thermistors were embedded in one of the external walls of a ground floor office, and data from the transducers has been used to determine the heat flow at the internal and external wall surfaces. The simulation software, TRNSYS, has been used to model the thermal performance of the same office. The programme allows the user to calculate the heat flow at the walls, which define any particular thermal zone. A comparison of measured and predicted values of heat flows and air temperatures has been used to validate the model. The model has then been used to simulate the effect of shading and added insulation on the thermal performance of the external walls in both summer and winter and these results are also presented in this paper.<br /

Optical binding mechanisms: a conceptual model for Gaussian beam traps

Optical binding interactions between laser-trapped spherical microparticles are familiar in a wide range of trapping configurations. Recently it has been demonstrated that these experiments can be accurately modeled using Mie scattering or coupled dipole models. This can help confirm the physical phenomena underlying the inter-particle interactions, but does not necessarily develop a conceptual understanding of the effects that can lead to future predictions. Here we interpret results from a Mie scattering model to obtain a physical description which predict the behavior and trends for chains of trapped particles in Gaussian beam traps. In particular, it describes the non-uniform particle spacing and how it changes with the number of particles. We go further than simply \emph{demonstrating} agreement, by showing that the mechanisms ``hidden'' within a mathematically and computationally demanding Mie scattering description can be explained in easily-understood terms.Comment: Preprint of manuscript submitted to Optics Expres

Validated model and study of a rammed earth wall building

A 2100 m2 (GFA) two-storey rammed earth building was built on the Thurgoona campus of Charles Sturt University in 1999. The building is novel both in the use of materials and equipment for heating and cooling. The climate at Wodonga can be characterised as hot and dry, so the challenge of providing comfortable working conditions with minimal energy consumption is considerable. This paper describes a thermal model of one of the second-storey offices on the west-end of the building. The simulation software, TRNSYS, has been used to predict office temperatures and comparisons are made between these and measurements made over a typical week in summer. Reasonable agreement has been achieved under most conditions. The model has been used to investigate key building parameters and strategies, including night flushing, to improve the thermal comfort in the office.<br /

THE OXYGEN EQUILIBRIUM OF CYSTINE-TREATED HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN WITHOUT FREE SULFHYDRYL GROUPS.

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Rugby World Cup 2019 injury surveillance study

Background: Full contact team sports, such as rugby union, have high incidences of injury. Injury surveillance studies underpin player welfare programmes in rugby union. Objective: To determine the incidence, severity, nature and causes of injuries sustained during the Rugby World Cup 2019. Methods: A prospective, whole population study following the definitions and procedures recommended in the consensus statement for epidemiologic studies in rugby union. Output measures included players’ age (years), stature (cm), body mass (kg), playing position, and group-level incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours), severity (days- absence), injury burden (days absence/1000 player-hours), location (%), type (%) and inciting event (%) of injuries. Results: Overall incidences of injury were 79.4 match injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI: 67.4 to 93.6) and 1.5 training injuries/1000 player-training-hours (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3). The overall mean severity of injury was 28.9 (95% CI: 20.0 to 37.8) days absence during matches and 14.8 (95% CI: 4.1 to 25.5) days absence during training. The most common locations and types of match injuries were head/face (22.4%), posterior thigh (12.6%), ligament sprain (21.7%) and muscle strain (20.3%); the ankle (24.0%), posterior thigh (16.0%), muscle strain (44.0%) and ligament sprain (16.0%) were the most common locations and types of injuries during training. Tackling (28.7%), collisions (16.9%) and running (16.9%) were responsible for most match injuries and non-contact (36.0%) and contact (32.0%) rugby skills activities for training injuries. Conclusion: The incidence, severity, nature and inciting events associated with match and training injuries at Rugby World Cup 2019 were similar to those reported for Rugby World Cups 2007, 2011 and 2015

Rugby World Cup 2019 injury surveillance study

Background: Full contact team sports, such as rugby union, have high incidences of injury. Injury surveillance studies underpin player welfare programmes in rugby union.Objective: To determine the incidence, severity, nature and causes of injuries sustained during the Rugby World Cup 2019.Methods: A prospective, whole population study following the definitions and procedures recommended in the consensus statement for epidemiologic studies in rugby union. Output measures included players’ age (years), stature (cm), body mass (kg), playing position, and group-level incidence (injuries/1000 player-hours), severity (days-absence), injury burden (days absence/1000 player-hours), location (%), type (%) and inciting event (%) of injuries.Results: Overall incidences of injury were 79.4 match injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI: 67.4 to 93.6) and 1.5 training injuries/1000 player-training-hours (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.3). The overall mean severity of injury was 28.9 (95% CI: 20.0 to 37.8) days absence during matches and 14.8 (95% CI: 4.1 to 25.5) days absence during training. The most common locations and types of match injuries were head/face (22.4%), posterior thigh (12.6%), ligament sprain (21.7%) and muscle strain (20.3%); the ankle (24.0%), posterior thigh (16.0%), muscle strain (44.0%) and ligament sprain (16.0%) were the most common locations and types of injuries during training. Tackling (28.7%), collisions (16.9%) and running (16.9%) were responsible for most match injuries and non-contact (36.0%) and contact (32.0%) rugby skills activities for training injuries.Conclusion: The incidence, severity, nature and inciting events associated with match and training injuries at Rugby World Cup 2019 were similar to those reported for Rugby World Cups 2007, 2011 and 2015. Keywords: Rugby World Cup, injury incidence, injury severity, injury burden, injury ris