Hypoxia affects performance traits and body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis)

Performance traits and body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) in response to hypoxia were evaluated in replicate tanks maintained at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations that averaged 23.0 ± 2.3%, 39.7 ± 3.0%, and 105.5 ± 9.5% dissolved oxygen saturation. Fish were fed a commercially formulated feed daily to apparent satiation. Total feed intake and fish growth and yield increased linearly in response to increased dissolved oxygen concentration. Nutrient utilization was reduced significantly only at the greatest level of hypoxia. With the exception of whole-body protein content, whole body compositional indices and nutrient retention efficiencies were linearly related to dissolved oxygen concentration. Results demonstrate that as hypoxia becomes more severe, juvenile hybrid striped bass feed intake is reduced, which affects growth and nutrient retention

Hypoxia Affects Performance Traits and Body Composition of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis)

Performance traits and body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) in response to hypoxia were evaluated in replicate tanks maintained at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations that averaged 23.0 ± 2.3%, 39.7 ± 3.0%, and 105.5 ± 9.5% dissolved oxygen saturation. Fish were fed a commercially formulated feed daily to apparent satiation. Total feed intake and fish growth and yield increased linearly in response to increased dissolved oxygen concentration. Nutrient utilization was reduced significantly only at the greatest level of hypoxia. With the exception of whole-body protein content, whole body compositional indices and nutrient retention efficiencies were linearly related to dissolved oxygen concentration. Results demonstrate that as hypoxia becomes more severe, juvenile hybrid striped bass feed intake is reduced, which affects growth and nutrient retention

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Hypoxia Affects Performance Traits and Body Composition of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis)

Performance traits and body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) in response to hypoxia were evaluated in replicate tanks maintained at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations that averaged 23.0 ± 2.3%, 39.7 ± 3.0%, and 105.5 ± 9.5% dissolved oxygen saturation. Fish were fed a commercially formulated feed daily to apparent satiation. Total feed intake and fish growth and yield increased linearly in response to increased dissolved oxygen concentration. Nutrient utilization was reduced significantly only at the greatest level of hypoxia. With the exception of whole-body protein content, whole body compositional indices and nutrient retention efficiencies were linearly related to dissolved oxygen concentration. Results demonstrate that as hypoxia becomes more severe, juvenile hybrid striped bass feed intake is reduced, which affects growth and nutrient retention

Comparison Between Black Top CA510 and Flip Top FT CA510 Test Tubes in the Hemochron Blood Coagulation Timing System

The Hemochron System for in vivo determination of blood coagulation, commonly referred to as ACT, has routinely been used for patients undergoing extracorporeal bypass surgery. A modified version of the Black Top CA510 Hemochron test tube, the Flip Top FT CA510, has become increasingly utilized in the clinical setting. A comparative study determining reliability, reproducibility and relative accuracy between the two Hemochron tubes has been established. Simultaneous ACT tests were performed on three hospitalized patients, totaling 22 blood samples taken altogether. Each tube was injected with 2ccs of blood per patient. ACT results were obtained and there appeared to be no significant difference between Group A (Black Top CA510) and Group B (Flip Top FT CA510). Additionally, the results in Group B indicated a higher degree of reliability with the newer tubes

Does Plasma Sequestration Reduce Post-Operative Bleeding?

Hematologic profiles, postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements were studied in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to determine the effect of sequestration and reinfusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Eighteen patients were randomly selected to have approximately one unit of PRP collected or not prior to CPB. Autologous PRP was reinfused in nine patients after reversal of anticoagulation. Evaluation of results was based upon thrombocyte counts, Hgb, Hct, and platelet index readings pre- and post-PRP reinfusion, amount of blood loss and volumes of homologous blood and banked blood products required postoperatively. There were no hemodynamic complications related to the sequestration process. PRP reinfused patients had significantly higher thrombocyte counts after reversal of anticoagulation (p < 0.05). Patients receiving PRP required approximately 2/3 less banked blood products, their bleeding being significantly reduced 24 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). We concluded that plasma sequestration and reinfusion of autologous PRP post-bypass may serve as an effective and safe way in decreasing blood loss after cardiac operations necessitating extracorporeal circulation

Arterial-Venous Perfusion Without Anticoagulation to Reverse Accidental Hypothermia

To investigate a means of rewarming individuals suffering from accidental hypothermia, five Yucatan swine were topically cooled to a core body temperature of 30#x00B0;C. No heparin or any other means of anticoagulation was administered. An extracorporeal circuit consisting of polyvinylchloride tubing, a Bio-Pump and an external stainless steel heat exchanger was utilized and primed with an albuminized Ringers solution. An arterial-venous circuit was employed with oxygenation being provided by the animals' lungs. A series of aliquots of blood were taken and analyzed for coagulation prior to cannulation, after stabilization of blood flows, at a rectal rewarming temperature of 32°C and post-decannulation. All subjects were effectively rewarmed to 34°C, with a mean perfusion time of 64.8 ± 8.5 minutes. Coagulation parameters showed very little alteration from the control values taken: PT (11.9 ± .5), PTT (16.0 ± .9), platelet count (456.0 ± 105.6) and normal fibrinogen levels. Necropsy examination revealed only minimal clot formation within either the extracorporeal circuit or the animals' vascular system. Our results support the hypothesis that circulatory assistance and ultimately, extracorporeal circulation may be possible without anticoagulation

Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Memory to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection ▿

Although cellular immunity to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection has been well characterized in experimental studies in mice, the T cell response to this virus in humans is incompletely understood. Thus, we analyzed the breadths, magnitudes, and differentiation phenotypes of memory LCMV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in three human donors displaying a variety of disease outcomes after accidental needle stick injury or exposure to LCMV. Although only a small cohort of donors was analyzed at a single time point postinfection, several interesting observations were made. First, we were able to detect LCMV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses directly ex vivo at 4 to 8 years after exposure, demonstrating the longevity of T cell memory in humans. Second, unlike in murine models of LCMV infection, we found that the breadths of memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses were not significantly different from one another. Third, it seemed that the overall CD8+ T cell response was augmented with increasing severity of disease, while the LCMV-specific CD4+ T cell response magnitude was highly variable between the three different donors. Next, we found that LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in the three donors analyzed seemed to undergo an effector memory differentiation program distinct from that of CD4+ T cells. Finally, the levels of expression of memory, costimulatory, and inhibitory receptors on CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets, in some instances, correlated with disease outcome. These data demonstrate for the first time LCMV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in infected humans and begin to provide new insights into memory T cell responses following an acute virus infection