Public health applications of remote sensing

Remote infrared and multispectral photography were used to identify coastal salt water-fresh water interfaces conducive to encephalitis vector mosquito breeding in Florida, and to determine the environmental conditions that caused an explosive outbreak of anthrax in Louisiana. Multiband photographic inventories were obtained by simultaneously processing three photographic negatives of the same view which record different wavelength portions of the same light. The process enhances differentiation of vegetative communities and sharply delineates edge effects by assigning false colors to differentiate subtle density differences

Three dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter turbulence measurements in a pipe flow

The mean and turbulent u, v, and w components of a gaseous fully developed turbulent pipe flow were measured with a laser Doppler velocimeter system. Measurements of important system parameters are presented and discussed in relation to the measurement accuracy. Simultaneous comparisons of the laser Doppler and hot wire anemometer measurements in the turbulent flow provided evidence that the two systems were responding to the same flow phenomena

Probing neutrino physics with a self-consistent treatment of the weak decoupling, nucleosynthesis, and photon decoupling epochs

We show that a self-consistent and coupled treatment of the weak decoupling, big bang nucleosynthesis, and photon decoupling epochs can be used to provide new insights and constraints on neutrino sector physics from high-precision measurements of light element abundances and cosmic microwave background observables. Implications of beyond-standard-model physics in cosmology, especially within the neutrino sector, are assessed by comparing predictions against five observables: the baryon energy density, helium abundance, deuterium abundance, effective number of neutrinos, and sum of the light neutrino mass eigenstates. We give examples for constraints on dark radiation, neutrino rest mass, lepton numbers, and scenarios for light and heavy sterile neutrinos.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figure

Development testing and application of a three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter for the measurement of gas flows

Three-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter for measuring local mean and fluctuating gas velocitie

A study of turbulence measurements using laser Doppler system Interim report, Jun. 1970 - Jun. 1971

Wing tip vortex test demonstrating use of Laser Doppler Velocimeter system for measuring gas velocities with high spatial and temporal resolutio

Evidence for an Intense Neutrino Flux during rr-Process Nucleosynthesis?

We investigate the possibility that neutrino capture on heavy nuclei competes with beta decay in the environment where the $r$-Process elements are synthesized. We find that such neutrino capture is not excluded by existing abundance determinations. We show that inclusion of significant neutrino capture on the (neutron number) N=82 waiting point nuclei can allow the inferred abundances of these species to provide a good fit to steady weak (beta decay plus neutrino capture) flow equilibrium. In fact, for particular choices of neutrino flux conditions, this fit is improved over the case where nuclei change their charge by beta decay alone. However, this improved fit can be realized only if neutrino capture plays a negligible role in nuclear decay back toward stability. We discuss the implications of these considerations for current proposed sites and models for $r$-Process nucleosynthesis.Comment: 10 pages, plain tex, submitted to ApJ

Neutrino energy transport in weak decoupling and big bang nucleosynthesis

We calculate the evolution of the early universe through the epochs of weak decoupling, weak freeze-out and big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) by simultaneously coupling a full strong, electromagnetic, and weak nuclear reaction network with a multi-energy group Boltzmann neutrino energy transport scheme. The modular structure of our code provides the ability to dissect the relative contributions of each process responsible for evolving the dynamics of the early universe in the absence of neutrino flavor oscillations. Such an approach allows a detailed accounting of the evolution of the $\nu_e$, $\bar\nu_e$, $\nu_\mu$, $\bar\nu_\mu$, $\nu_\tau$, $\bar\nu_\tau$ energy distribution functions alongside and self-consistently with the nuclear reactions and entropy/heat generation and flow between the neutrino and photon/electron/positron/baryon plasma components. This calculation reveals nonlinear feedback in the time evolution of neutrino distribution functions and plasma thermodynamic conditions (e.g., electron-positron pair densities), with implications for: the phasing between scale factor and plasma temperature; the neutron-to-proton ratio; light-element abundance histories; and the cosmological parameter \neff. We find that our approach of following the time development of neutrino spectral distortions and concomitant entropy production and extraction from the plasma results in changes in the computed value of the BBN deuterium yield. For example, for particular implementations of quantum corrections in plasma thermodynamics, our calculations show a $0.4\%$ increase in deuterium. These changes are potentially significant in the context of anticipated improvements in observational and nuclear physics uncertainties.Comment: 37 pages, 12 Figures, 6 Table

Wing tip vortex measurements with laser Doppler systems

The vortex velocity field produced by a rectangular wing in a subsonic wind tunnel was measured using two laser Doppler velocimeter systems. One system made three dimensional mean velocity measurements and the other made one dimensional turbulence measurements. The systems and test procedures are described and comparisons of the measurements are made. The data defined a strong spiral motion in the vortex formation process

Weak Charge-Changing Flow in Expanding r-Process Environments

We assess the prospects for attaining steady nuclear flow equilibrium in expanding r-process environments where beta decay and/or neutrino capture determine the nuclear charge-changing rates. For very rapid expansions, we find that weak steady flow equilibrium normally cannot be attained. However, even when neutron capture processes freeze out in such nonequilibrium conditions, abundance ratios of nuclear species in the r-process peaks might still mimic those attained in weak steady flow. This result suggests that the r-process yield in a regime of rapid expansion can be calculated reliably only when all neutron capture, photodisintegration, and weak interaction processes are fully coupled in a dynamical calculation. We discuss the implications of these results for models of the r-process sited in rapidly expanding neutrino-heated ejecta.Comment: 21 pages, AAS LaTex, 2 postscript figure