Instructional Discourse in Context: A Sociocognitive Analysis of Teacher Explanations in CLIL

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A Functional Analysis of EFL Students' Discourse in the Social Practice of Learning to Play a Board Game

How do second language (L2) students learn a social practice in their target language? This paper reports on some of the findings of a qualitative study that took a sociocultural approach (e.g., Bruner, 1983; Rogoff, 1990; Schieffelin & Ochs, 1986) to examine how a group of five EFL students learned the social practice of board gaming. A social practice theory analysis (Mohan, 2007) showed that the students worked together to help each other participate in the game and to create a shared understanding of its rules and procedures, revealing how action and reflection discourses were woven together. The analysis also illustrated how the students as active agents altered one of the rules of the game as well as how a relatively novice player, after receiving assistance from more experienced players and observing other players’ actions, assumed a more active role as the play progressed. These findings highlight the important co-construction of actions, roles, and understanding that takes place through L2 collaborative discourse in learning to play a game

EFL Students’ Learning through Project Work in a Content-based Course

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Case Report Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Child with T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

We describe the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with persistent thrombocytopenia during maintenance chemotherapy with mercaptopurine and methotrexate for T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. He was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) after thorough investigations for the relapse of lymphoma and was successfully treated with immunoglobulin and steroids. ITP is known to be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, and various types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but rarely with T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or in children. Diagnosis of ITP with lymphoma is challenging due to the many factors affecting platelet counts, and ITP often complicates the diagnosis or treatment course of lymphoma. The underlying mechanism of ITP with NHL is still unclear. Drug-induced immunomodulation with a reduction of regulatory T cells might have contributed to the development of ITP in our case

Evidence for the Involvement of a Src-Related Tyrosine Kinase inXenopusEgg Activation

AbstractRecently, we have purified a Src-related tyrosine kinase, namedXenopustyrosine kinase (Xyk), from oocytes ofXenopus laevisand found that the enzyme is activated within 1 min following fertilization [Satoet al.(1996)J. Biol. Chem.271, 13250–13257]. A concomitant translocation of a part of the activated enzyme from the membrane fraction to the cytosolic fraction was also observed. In the present study, we show that parthenogenetic egg activation by a synthetic RGDS peptide [Y. Iwao and T. Fujimura, T. (1996)Dev. Biol.177, 558–567], an integrin-interacting peptide, but not by electrical shock or the calcium ionophore A23187 causes the kinase activation, tyrosine phosphorylation, and translocation of Xyk. A synthetic tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitor peptide was employed to analyze the importance of the Xyk activity in egg activation. We found that the peptide inhibits the kinase activity of purified Xyk at IC50of 8 μM. Further, egg activation induced by sperm or RGDS peptide but not by A23187 was inhibited by microinjection of the peptide. In the peptide-microinjected eggs, penetration of the sperm nucleus into the egg cytoplasm and meiotic resumption in the egg were blocked. Indirect immunofluorescence study demonstrates that Xyk is exclusively localized to the cortex ofXenopuseggs, indicating that Xyk can function in close proximity to the sperm–egg or RGDS peptide–egg interaction site. Taken together, these data suggest that the tyrosine kinase Xyk plays an important role in the early events ofXenopusegg activation in a manner independent or upstream of calcium signaling

Strong exciton‐photon coupling and its polarization dependence in a metal‐mirror microcavity with oriented PIC J‐aggregates

We present a study of strong exciton-photon coupling and its dependence on incident light polarization in a metal-metal mirror microcavity containing PIC J-aggregates. Rabi-splitting energies between upper and lower polariton branches are estimated as 94 meV and 69 meV for s- and p-polarized incident light, respectively. These large values are due to large oscillator strength of Frenkel excitons in the PIC J-aggregates and strong confinement of light attributed to the metallic microcavity as well. As for the effective thickness of the active layer for s-polarized light, a good agreement is obtained between Lfiteff = 201 nm deduced from the experimental data and Lcalceff = 207 nm calculated from the summation of the measured thickness of active layer with the estimated penetration depths into silver mirrors. We also discuss the difference in the polarization dependences of Rabi-splitting energy, quantitatively. It is concluded that the polarization dependence is mainly due to an alignment of the J-aggregates in the active layer and is not affected so much by anisotropy of the penetration depths into the silver mirrors

シェーグレン症候群の新規自己抗原であるREG 蛋白の唾液導管細胞における発現誘導にはIL-6/STAT 経路が重要である

The regenerating gene, Reg, was originally isolated from a rat regenerating islet cDNA library, and its human homolog was named REG Iα. Recently, we reported that REG Iα mRNA as well as its product were overexpressed in ductal epithelial cells in the minor salivary glands of Sjögren׳s syndrome (SS) patients. This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of cytokines and the subsequent intracellular mechanism for induction of REG Iα in the salivary glands of SS patients. We prepared a reporter plasmid containing REG Iα promoter (−1190/+26) upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. The promoter plasmid was introduced by lipofection into human NS-SV-DC and rat A5 salivary ductal cells. The cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and a combination of the two. Thereafter transcriptional activity of REG Iα was measured by luciferase assay. We found that IL-6 stimulation, but not IL-8, significantly enhanced the REG Iα promoter activity in salivary ductal cells. Deletion analysis revealed that the region of −141 to −117 of the REG Iα gene was responsible for the promoter activation by IL-6, which contains a consensus sequence for signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT). The introduction of siRNA for human STAT3 abolished IL-6-induced REG Iα transcription. These results showed that IL-6 stimulation induced REG Iα transcription through STAT3 activation and binding to the consensus sequence of REG Iα promoter in salivary ductal cells. This IL-6/STAT dependent REG Iα induction might play a role in the pathogenesis of SS.博士（医学）・甲第641号・平成27年11月27日Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Interleukin-6/STAT pathway is responsible for the induction of gene expression of REG Iα, a new auto-antigen in Sjögren׳s syndrome patients, in salivary duct epithelial cells

The regenerating gene, Reg, was originally isolated from a rat regenerating islet cDNA library, and its human homolog was named REG Iα. Recently, we reported that REG Iα mRNA as well as its product were overexpressed in ductal epithelial cells in the minor salivary glands of Sjögren׳s syndrome (SS) patients. This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of cytokines and the subsequent intracellular mechanism for induction of REG Iα in the salivary glands of SS patients. We prepared a reporter plasmid containing REG Iα promoter (−1190/+26) upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. The promoter plasmid was introduced by lipofection into human NS-SV-DC and rat A5 salivary ductal cells. The cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and a combination of the two. Thereafter transcriptional activity of REG Iα was measured by luciferase assay. We found that IL-6 stimulation, but not IL-8, significantly enhanced the REG Iα promoter activity in salivary ductal cells. Deletion analysis revealed that the region of −141 to −117 of the REG Iα gene was responsible for the promoter activation by IL-6, which contains a consensus sequence for signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT). The introduction of siRNA for human STAT3 abolished IL-6-induced REG Iα transcription. These results showed that IL-6 stimulation induced REG Iα transcription through STAT3 activation and binding to the consensus sequence of REG Iα promoter in salivary ductal cells. This IL-6/STAT dependent REG Iα induction might play a role in the pathogenesis of SS

Three Severe Cases of Viral Infections with Post-Kidney Transplantation Successfully Confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Flow Cytometry

Viral infections in patients with post-kidney transplantation are often difficult to diagnose as well as treat. We herein report three cases with severe viral infections after kidney transplantation. All their causative pathogens could be detected promptly by polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry during the early stages of infection. These examinations would also be of great use to monitor therapeutic responses and disease activity. It is indeed true that no specific treatment is available for most of the viral infections, but we should be aware that some infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus infection, can be treatable with prompt and specific treatment, such as rituximab

マッショウ タンカクキュウ サイボウ オ モチイタ マッショウ ドウミャク ヘイソクショウ ニ タイスル アラタナ ケッカン シンセイ リョウホウ ノ ココロミ

Earlier studies have shown that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell（BM-MNC）implantation induces therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with peripheral arterial disease（PAD）. However, the invasiveness of bone marrow collection limits clinical application of BM-MNC implantation.We performed peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cell（PB-MNC）implantation in ischemic limbs of five patients with PAD. After implantation, clinical symptoms such as rest pain and numbness were relieved in four patients. Maximal walking distance markedly increased from 160 m to 915 m in one patient. Non-healing ulcers were cured after repeated cell implantation in one patient with Burger disease. There was no adverse event. These findings suggest that PB-MNC implantation is a safe and noninvasive strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of severe PAD