大正末から昭和初期の家庭洋裁における子供の簡単服

The purpose of this study is to gain a specific understanding of the characteristics of Kantanfuku for children, and to discuss its impact on everyday clothing life during the transition from Japanesestyle to Westernstyle clothing. Kantanfuku means simple clothes ; it is the basic line of the original pattern for clothing. Through analysis of illustrations and text on Kantanfuku from four books on how to make children’s clothes in the Shufu no Tomo“Jitsuyō hyakka sōsho”series, published from the end of the Taisho era to the beginning of the Showa era, the characteristics of items, shapes, and composition were investigated. In addition, it was found that one type of Kantanfuku explanations in the materials, reproducing the shape of the tailoring. Kantanfuku largely consists of dresses for girls in summer. These are loose and easy to move, but lack the beauty of the threedimensional shapes typical of Western clothing. The pattern was more similar to the composition of Japanese clothing than Western clothing. While making use of previous sewing experience, Japanese housewives unfamiliar with Western tailoring could take on the challenge easily. In an age when most children’s clothing was sewn at home, the introduction of Kantanfuku was an opportunity to promote the Westernization of everyday clothes.原著論

Immediate changes in transcription factors and synaptic transmission in the cochlea following acoustic trauma: A gene transcriptome study

Pathologic mechanisms in cochleae immediately following the onset of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remain unclear. In this study, mice were exposed to 120 dB of octave band noise for 2 h to induce NIHL. Three hours after noise exposure, expression levels of the whole mouse genome in cochleae were analyzed by RNA-seq and DNA microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibiting >2-fold upregulation or downregulation in noise-exposed cochleae compared to controls without noise exposure were identified. RNA-seq and microarray analyses identified 273 DEGs regulated at 3 h post-noise (51 upregulated and 222 downregulated). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with the functional gene pathway "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" and included 28 genes encoding receptors for neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate. Other DEGs included 25 genes encoding transcription factors. Downregulation of 4 neurotransmitter receptors (Gabra3, Gabra5, Gabrb1, Grm1) and upregulations of 5 transcription factors (Atf3, Dbp, Helt, Maff, Nr1d1) were validated by RT-PCR. The differentially regulated transcription factor Atf3 immunolocalized to supporting cells and hair cells in the organ of Corti at 12-h post-noise. The present data serve as a basis for further studies aimed at developing medical treatments for acute sensorineural hearing loss

Seminolipid and its precursor/degradative product, galactosylalkylacylglycerol, in the testis of saposin A- and prosaposin-deficient mice

Sphingolipid activator proteins (saposins A, B, C, and D) are derived from a common precursor protein (prosaposin) and specifically activate in vivo degradation of glycolipids with short carbohydrate chains. A mouse model of prosaposin deficiency (prosaposi

上部消化管出血における血液凝固第XIII因子活性の低下

We report on blood coagulation factor XⅢ（F１３）activity in upper gastrointestinal bleeding （UGIB）due to peptic ulcer（PU）. 【Methods】From January ２０１１ to December ２０１６, 42 patients who had UGIB with PU, performed endoscopic hemostasis（EH）, and measured F１３ activity （normal range：７０‐１４０％）, were retrospectively studied. The clinical signs, peripheral blood, biochemistry, coagulation, F１３ activity, and endoscopic findings were examined by logistic regression analysis（LRA）in３２patients with successful hemostasis and１０patients with rebleeding. 【Results】There were２５elderly patients aged７０ and over. The average F１３ activity was ６５．７±２２．５％, ６８．３±２２．１％ in the case of successful hemostasis, below the lower limit of normal, and further decreased to ５７．５±１８．１％ in the case of rebleeding. LRA showed association with rebleeding in Forrest classification and F１３activity. 【Conclusion】F１３activity decreased in many cases of UGIB due to PU, and associated with rebleeding after EH

Post‐transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 1954 Transplants

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are life-threatening neoplasms after organ transplantation. Because of their rarity and multiple grades of malignancy, the incidence, outcomes, and clinicopathological features affecting patient survival after liver transplantation (LT) remain unclear. We reviewed 1954 LTs in 1849 recipients (1990-2020), including 886 pediatric (<18 years of age) and 963 adult recipients. The following clinicopathological factors were studied: age, sex, liver etiologies, malignancy grades, Epstein-Barr virus status, performance status (PS), Ann Arbor stage, international prognostic index, and histopathological diagnosis. Of 1849 recipients, 79 PTLD lesions (4.3%) were identified in 70 patients (3.8%). After excluding 3 autopsy cases incidentally found, 67 (45 pediatric [5.1%] and 22 adult [2.3%]) patients were finally enrolled. Comorbid PTLDs significantly worsened recipient survival compared with non-complicated cases (P < 0.001). The 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival rates after PTLD diagnosis were 74%, 66%, and 58%, respectively. The incidence of PTLDs after LT (LT-PTLDs) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) with earlier onset (P = 0.002) in children, whereas patient survival was significantly worse in adults (P = 0.002). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the following 3 prognostic factors: age at PTLD diagnosis ≥18 years (hazard ratio [HR], 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.63-47.4; P = 0.001), PS ≥2 at diagnosis (HR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.56-29.3; P = 0.01), and monomorphic type (HR, 6.78; 95% CI, 1.40-32.9; P = 0.02). A prognostic index, the “LT-PTLD score, ” that consists of these 3 factors effectively stratified patient survival and progression-free survival (P = 0.003 and <0.001, respectively). In conclusion, comorbid PTLDs significantly worsened patient survival after LT. Age ≥18 years and PS ≥2 at PTLD diagnosis, and monomorphic type are independent prognostic factors, and the LT-PTLD score that consists of these 3 factors may distinguish high-risk cases and guide adequate interventions