Numerical Investigation of Seaweed Expansion by Constructing Grounds on a Filled Sea Caldron

Eco-Hydraulics and Eco-Hydrolog

A thorough description of one-dimensional steady open channel flows using the notion of viscosity solution

Determining water surface profiles of steady open channel flows in a one-dimensional bounded domain is one of the well-trodden topics in conventional hydraulic engineering. However, it involves Dirichlet problems of scalar first-order quasilinear ordinary differential equations, which are of mathematical interest. We show that the notion of viscosity solution is useful in thoroughly describing the characteristics of possibly non-smooth and discontinuous solutions to such problems, achieving the conservation of momentum and the entropy condition. Those viscosity solutions are the generalized solutions in the space of bounded measurable functions. Generalized solutions to some Dirichlet problems are not always unique, and a necessary condition for the non-uniqueness is derived. A concrete example illustrates the non-uniqueness of discontinuous viscosity solutions in a channel of a particular cross-sectional shape

Assessment of hydrogen embrittlement behavior in Al-Zn-Mg alloys by multi- modal 3D image-based simulation

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Prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in Al-Zn-Mg alloys by dispersion of novel phases

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Double strand break repair by capture of retrotransposon sequences and reverse-transcribed spliced mRNA sequences in mouse zygotes

Ono, R., Ishii, M., Fujihara, Y. et al. Double strand break repair by capture of retrotransposon sequences and reverse-transcribed spliced mRNA sequences in mouse zygotes. Sci Rep 5, 12281 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep1228

A Path Model Analysis of the Causal Relationship between Self-care Agency and Healthy Behavior in Community-dwelling Older People from the GAINA Study

[Background] Self-care agency is an important determinant of self-care behavior. The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationship between self-care agency and healthy behavior, and to construct a conceptual model of healthy behavior among older people living in a rural community. [Methods] This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey at the Hino, a town in western Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Participants who were enrolled in the Good Ageing and Intervention against Nursing Care and Activity Decline (GAINA) study from 2014 to 2018 (467 new participants) were initially investigated. Of 398 participants aged ? 65 years, 5 were excluded due to missing data, and thus 393 were analyzed. Nurse researchers conducted face-to-face interviews with participants to check the accuracy of data obtained from a self-administered questionnaire, which included demographic information, physical condition (comorbidities, knee pain, low back pain, and locomotive syndrome), healthy behavior, and self-care agency. Correlations among variables were investigated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and path analysis was performed to assess causal relationships. [Results] A total of 393 persons (160 men and 233 women) were investigated, ranging in age from 65 to 92 years, with a mean age of 75.1 years (SD: 6.9 years). Path analysis revealed poor fit of a model in which pain and locomotive syndrome were factors inhibiting healthy behavior. When the model included only self-care agency, the indices of model fit were almost satisfactory (Goodness-of-fit index = 0.967, Adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.900, Comparative fit index = 0.951, and Root mean square error of approximation = 0.088), and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.38. The self-care agency items with the greatest influence on healthy behavior were the ability to “grasp the techniques/tips needed to maintain health,” and the ability to “persist with healthy behavior.” [Conclusion] Self-care agency can promote healthy behavior among community-dwelling older people. Regardless of physical problems such as pain and locomotive syndrome, older people have the potential to adopt positive healthy behavior if they acquire self-care agency

A dual finite volume method scheme for catastrophic flash floods in channel networks

This paper develops a new numerical scheme for flash floods based on the one-dimensional shallow water equations in channel networks, referred to as the dual finite volume method (DFVM) scheme. The scheme uses an upwind spatial discretization based on staggered meshes so that the flows in multiply connected channel networks are consistently handled without complicated treatment at junctions. The scheme is firstly examined with a series of test cases including idealized and experimental dam break problems to demonstrate its accuracy and versatility. The scheme is then applied to numerical simulation of a flash flood resulting from an earthquake-induced complete dam failure in Japan. Channels from a reservoir to the downstream rivers are modelled as a multiply connected channel network with non-prismatic cross-sections, steep slopes, and bends. The computational results agree well with the field observations and eyewitness reports. Numerical simulation of alternative scenarios as possible cases is also performed to analyze potential risks of the downstream area