ネクロスタチン－7はRANK－NFATc1シグナルと破骨細胞分化を抑制する

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第21622号医博第4428号新制||医||1033(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 妻木 範行, 教授 松田 秀一, 教授 渡邊 直樹学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Gastric Carcinoid with Hypergastrinemia: Report of Three Cases

We report 3 cases of gastric carcinoids with hypergastrinemia. Case 1: A 60-year-old man had a 2 cm carcinoid of the stomach and underwent partial resection. Involvement of the muscularis propria and lymph nodes metastasis were observed microscopically. Follow-up gastroscopy revealed another carcinoid lesion and total gastrectomy was performed. Case 2: A 67-year-old woman with multiple carcinoids of the entire stomach underwent antrectomy. No growth of residual tumors has been detected so far. Case 3: A 61-year-old man had a tumor near the esophagogastric junction and underwent total gastrectomy. Carcinoid component was diffusely intermingled with adenocarcinoma in the tumor and invaded into the subserosa. In all 3 cases, the serum gastrin level was high and atrophic gastritis was microscopically observed. Carcinoid tumor in Case 3 was different from those in Cases 1 and 2 and interestingly, gastric carcinoid with hypergastrinemia showed various types of appearance

Using spin to understand the formation of LIGO's black holes

With the detection of four candidate binary black hole (BBH) mergers by the Advanced LIGO detectors thus far, it is becoming possible to constrain the properties of the BBH merger population in order to better understand the formation of these systems. Black hole (BH) spin orientations are one of the cleanest discriminators of formation history, with BHs in dynamically formed binaries in dense stellar environments expected to have spins distributed isotropically, in contrast to isolated populations where stellar evolution is expected to induce BH spins preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum. In this work we propose a simple, model-agnostic approach to characterizing the spin properties of LIGO's BBH population. Using measurements of the effective spin of the binaries, which is LIGO's best constrained spin parameter, we introduce a simple parameter to quantify the fraction of the population that is isotropically distributed, regardless of the spin magnitude distribution of the population. Once the orientation characteristics of the population have been determined, we show how measurements of effective spin can be used to directly constrain the underlying BH spin magnitude distribution. Although we find that the majority of the current effective spin measurements are too small to be informative, with LIGO's four BBH candidates we find a slight preference for an underlying population with aligned spins over one with isotropic spins (with an odds ratio of 1.1). We argue that it will be possible to distinguish symmetric and anti-symmetric populations at high confidence with tens of additional detections, although mixed populations may take significantly more detections to disentangle. We also derive preliminary spin magnitude distributions for LIGO's black holes, under the assumption of aligned or isotropic populations

Bile Duct Regeneration with an Artificial Bile Duct Made of Gelatin Hydrogel Nonwoven Fabrics

Although choledochojejunostomy is the standard technique for biliary reconstruction, there are various associated problems that need to be solved such as reflux cholangitis. Interposition with an artificial bile duct (ABD) to replace the resected bile duct maintains a physiological conduit for bile and may solve this problem. This study investigated the usefulness of an ABD made of gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric (GHNF). GHNF was prepared by the solution blow spinning method. The migration and activity of murine fibroblast L929 cells were examined in GHNF sheets. L929 cells migrated into GHNF sheets, where they proliferated and synthesized collagen, suggesting GHNF is a promising scaffold for bile duct regeneration. ABDs made of GHNF were implanted in place of resected bile duct segments in rats. The rats were killed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postimplantation. The implantation site was histologically evaluated for bile duct regeneration. At postoperative 2 weeks, migrating cells were observed in the ABD pores. The implanted ABD was mostly degraded and replaced by collagen fibers at 6 weeks. Ki67-positive bile duct epithelial cells appeared within the implanted ABD. These were most abundant within the central part of the ABD after 6 weeks. The percentages of Ki67-positive cells were 31.7 ± 9.1% in the experimental group and 0.8 ± 0.6% in the sham operation group at 6 weeks (p < 0.05), indicating that mature biliary epithelial cells at the stump proliferated to regenerate the biliary epithelium. Biliary epithelial cells had almost completely covered the bile duct lumen at 12 weeks (epithelialization ratios: 10.4 ± 6.9% at 2 weeks, 93.1 ± 5.1% at 6 weeks, 99.2 ± 1.6% at 12 weeks). The regenerated epithelium was positive for the bile duct epithelium marker cytokeratin 19. Bile duct regeneration was accompanied by angiogenesis, as evidenced by the appearance of CD31-positive vascular structures. Capillaries were induced 2 weeks after implantation. The number of capillaries reached a maximum at 6 weeks and decreased to the same level as that of normal bile ducts at 12 weeks. These results showed that an ABD of GHNF contributed to successful bile duct regeneration in rats by facilitating the cell migration required for extracellular matrix synthesis, angiogenesis, and epithelialization. Impact Statement Development of an artificial bile duct (ABD) enables physiological biliary reconstruction and may solve clinical problems associated with choledochojejunostomy. In this study, we created ABDs with gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric and implanted them in place of resected bile duct in rats. We evaluated the process of bile duct regeneration as well as decomposition of the ABD and demonstrated successful regeneration of resected bile duct, highlighting the possibility of this novel biliary reconstruction method to replace choledochojejunostomy

Factors causing climatologically high temperatures in a hottest city in Japan: a multi-scale analysis of Tajimi

In this study, multi-scale climatological features of extreme high temperature (EHT) events in Tajimi, the hottest cities in Japan, were investigated using observational data collected by the Japan Meteorological Agency over the past 23 years, and original data observed by the authors over the last 3 years. Results revealed the background factors that lead to climatologically high temperatures in Tajimi: the occurrence of a characteristic pressure pattern called ‘whale’: the synoptic-scale factors, and the urbanization of Tajimi: the meso-γ-scale factors. In addition, the high temperatures measured in Tajimi are affected by the foehn-like westerly airflow coming from the mountains located in the northwest/west towards the Nobi Plain where Tajimi is located at the east end: the meso-β-scale factors, and the location of the Tajimi observation site, which is within an urbanized area where the highest temperatures tend to be observed: the micro-scale factors. In contrast, statistical analysis demonstrated that the small-scale basin effects and soil dryness around Tajimi were of lesser importance than aforementioned factors, in the occurrence of EHT events in Tajimi

Salivary Oxytocin Concentration Changes during a Group Drumming Intervention for Maltreated School Children.

金沢大学子どものこころの発達研究センターMany emotionally-disturbed children who have been maltreated and are legally separated from their parents or primary caregivers live in group homes and receive compulsory education. Such institutions provide various special intervention programs. Taiko-ensou, a Japanese style of group drumming, is one such program because playing drums in a group may improve children’s emotional well-being. However, evidence for its efficacy has not been well established at the biological level. In this study, we measured salivary levels of oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide associated with social memory and communication, in three conditions (recital, practice, and free sessions) in four classes of school-aged children. Following the sessions, OT concentrations showed changes in various degrees and directions (no change, increases, or decreases). The mean OT concentration changes after each session increased, ranging from 112% to 165%. Plasma OT concentrations were equally sensitive to drum playing in school-aged boys and girls. However, the difference between practice and free play sessions was only significant among elementary school boys aged 8–12 years. The results suggest that younger boys are most responsive to this type of educational music intervention

Cytokine-Based Log-Scale Expansion of Functional Murine Dendritic Cells

BACKGROUND: Limitations of the clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy, as well as difficulties in their industrial production, are largely related to the limited number of autologous DCs from each patient. We here established a possible breakthrough, a simple and cytokine-based culture method to realize a log-scale order of functional murine DCs (>1,000-fold), which cells were used as a model before moving to human studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Floating cultivation of lineage-negative hematopoietic progenitors from bone marrow in an optimized cytokine cocktail (FLT3-L, IL-3, IL-6, and SCF) led to a stable log-scale proliferation of these cells, and a subsequent differentiation study using IL-4/GM-CSF revealed that 3-weeks of expansion was optimal to produce CD11b+/CD11c+ DC-like cells. The expanded DCs had typical features of conventional myeloid DCs in vitro and in vivo, including identical efficacy as tumor vaccines. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The concept of DC expansion should make a significant contribution to the progress of DC-based immunotherapy

保育内容「表現」における音楽教育のかかわり : 音楽から派生する保育活動の可能性

The common denominator of the music to foster expression in early childhood education and each field of modeling, the contents of a kindergarten education point, and, it was considered about the following point. One of 5 regions of the kindergarten education point, the (1) sound in"expression", the (2) color, the (3) feel and (4) move, I aimed at a word of 2, the color and a movement and found the common denominator in music in the class of the expression in early childhood education and each field of modeling from the inside. How these common denominators can be utilized for guidance using the children\u27s song which are main teaching materials of the musical field searches a developed possibility of the musical field as the expression in early childhood education. Even if music and modeling are integrated as the same territory of"expression", the curriculum top is still separate handling. But those didn\u27t become estranged at an actual nurture site. Therefore it\u27s possible to expand a possibility of the early childhood education detail in territory"expression"by recognizing a component to which 2 are common specifically

音楽教育における幼稚園から小学校への移行期の指導について

Kindergarten curricula are designed to encourage children to naturally learn music through everyday activities centered on playing as prescribed for the field of expression in Japan\u27s Educational Guidelines for Kindergartens. In the revised 2008 Educational Guidelines for Elementary Schools, the phase "basic ability in musical activity"was added. The term "expression,"which appears at the beginning of the objectives in the Educational Guidelines for Elementary Schools, is not an ability considered to be picked up from everyday life or comprehensively as it is in kindergarten. Kindergarten students learn music by mimicking during play. When they start at elementary school, they engage in advanced musical learning with more specific objectives designed to develop their ability to play musical instruments based on listening and imitating. Students then learn how to read music. First-grade music textbooks are unique introductory study materials that support learning in the basics of music reading

言語障害を伴う脳性麻痺者の長期予後に関する研究 (1) : 言語機能と障害認識の面から

本稿では、脳性麻痺者の長期予後について筆者(鈴木)の専門領域である言語障害に焦点をあてて明らかにした。併せて、彼ら自身の障害認識の過程や現状について明らかにした。筆者が、幼少期から現在まで継続して指導し、かつ自発話で意見を述べられる成人脳性麻痺者8名(男5名、女3名)に対し、1. 現在の言語障害の状況について把握すること 2. 自己の言語や運動機能障害をどう覚知し受容しているか、3. 療育の過程、4. 友人・家族・学校などの生活面、学習、友人関係などで体験した様々な困難とその対処方法などについて調査した。調査では、程度の差はさまざまであるが、言語障害や運動機能障害を客観的に認識したうえで受容し、日常の生活では、様々な困難はあるが工夫しつつ、真摯に向き合い努力している姿勢が見られた。今回の面接調査は、対象が限定されており、知的能力が高く、身体的な障害も比較的軽度・中度であること、また、家庭的にも恵まれている人達であり、今後は、面接調査の対象者数及び病型を拡大し検討を加える必要があると考える。There are only a few reports on the long-term prognoses of the cerebral palsy. Specifically, reports on the self-perception of the person with cerebral palsy are really few. The purpose of this research was to investigate the self-perception of patients with cerebral palsy. The survey was conducted by interviewing with 8 adults with cerebral palsy (male 5, female 3:age 25 to 49), who have been under my consultation for a long time. The items of the interview were the time of the first self-perception of the impairment, the process of rehabilitation till now, and the way of coping with various challenges and difficulties they have faced with in their daily lives, such as communication, study, and relationship with people around them. The survey showed that all the 8 interviewees have been reconcile themselves to the impairment, and have managed to cope with daily difficulties. The result of this survey, however, does not represent the overall views of patients with cerebral palsy, because the interviewees have high intelligence and relatively light or mild physical disabilities. Moreover, they are blessed with good financial state of the family and supportive encouragement from the family members. Therefore,the number of interviewees should be increased and the spastic diplegia should also be surveyed in the future. Lastly, considering the fact that the incidence of athetoid type cerebral palsy has dramatically reduced, thanks to the progress in perinatal medicine, I cannot but feel a profound impression. Lastly, thanks to the advancement of perinatal medicine, recent dramatic reduction of incidence of athetoid type cerebral palsy gives me a deep impression