Evaluation based on the gradient method of the elastic properties of human tissues in vivo

En la actualidad la simulación numérica del comportamiento mecánico de tejidos humanos en el campo de la medicina es un ámbito de estudio que ha despertado gran interés en la comunidad científica. El estudio del comportamiento de dichos tejidos conlleva una gran dificultad, en parte, atribuida al hecho de que el comportamiento de dichos tejidos cambia de paciente a paciente y en numerosas ocasiones no es posible realizar experimentos directos sobre el tejido para determinar sus propiedades elásticas. Para tal fin, en el presente trabajo se propone un método para hallar dichas propiedades asumiendo un modelo constitutivo de Mooney-Rivlin. Dicho método se basa en la información propor- cionada por imágenes médicas en dos situaciones de deformación del órgano y, mediante un proceso de optimización basado en el gradiente se obtienen, con precisión, las propiedades elásticas del modelo constitutivo. Los experimentos numéricos realizados demuestran la validez del método para el ejemplo utilizado.At present, the numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of human tissues in the field of medicine is a field of study that has aroused great interest in the scientific community. The study of the behavior of these tissues entails a great difficulty, partly attributed to the fact that the behavior of these tissues changes from patient to patient and in many occasions it is not possible to perform direct experiments on the tissue to determine its elastic properties. For this purpose, the present work proposes a method to find these properties assuming a constitutive model of Mooney-Rivlin. This method is based on the information provided by medical images in two situations of organ deformation and, through a process of optimization based on the gradient, the elastic properties of the constitutive model are obtained with precision. The numerical experiments performed demonstrate the validity of the method for the example used

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

De la probabilidad a la factibilidad

37-38semestra

Local authority policy and practice on allocations, transfers and homelessness

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:m01/12869 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Las deducciones autonómicas en el IRPF: Análisis y alternativas

RESUMEN En este trabajo llevamos a cabo un ejercicio de microsimulación para analizar la política autonómica en el IRPF, utilizando la Muestra IRPF 2002 IEF-AEAT. Hasta el momento las Comunidades Autónomas han utilizado las deducciones como instrumento principal para modificar el IRPF. Sin embargo parece que las deducciones autonómicas llevan aparejados elevados costes de diseño, legislativos y administrativos; mientras que sus beneficios afectan poco a pocos contribuyentes. Nuestra hipótesis es que se puede alcanzar un resultado similar con unos costes menores. Para ello hemos considerado dos alternativas, sin duda más sencillas: una ligera reducción de los tipos impositivos de las tarifas autonómicas, y una deducción general que debería instaurar cada Comunidad Autónoma. ABSTRACT We propose a microsimulation exercise using the Muestra IRPF 2002 IEF-AEAT, a sample of Spanish Income Tax Taxpayers. This exercise estimates the importance of income tax policy of Spanish regions, mainly developed through tax credits. Supposedly, this policy implies a significant cost in terms of tax design, legislative process, administrative and compliance costs. Nevertheless, the benefits seem to be scarce and vague. Our hypothesis here is that we can achieve a similar result with fewer costs. We consider two simpler choices: a slight cut in the regional tax rates, and the introduction, by each Autonomous Region, of a general tax credit.Financiación pública, Impuestos, Microsimulación, Public finance, Taxes, Microsimulation

POSITIONS, SPECTRAL IDENTIFICATIONS, AND NEAR INFRARED PHOTOMETRY FOR A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF RGB AND AGB STARS ON THE GALACTIC PLANE TOWARDS CARINA

A deep near-infrared objective-prism survey for AGB stars in Carina has been carried out. An area of about 20 square degrees centered on l = 290 • , b = 0 • was covered to I= 13. The identified sample is made of 636 RGB stars of spectral type M5-M9. A sample of AGB stars was also identified, among them 46 N-type carbon stars, and 6 S-type stars. Additionally, 14 red supergiants were also identified. Accurate positions, spectral types and IRAS identifications are given for this sample. The number ratio [C/M5+] in the disc, toward the observed region, was determined giving a value of 0.1-0.2 stars/kpc 3 , consistent with previous results. A catalog with precise positions, MK spectral types, and infrared I, J, H, and K magnitudes for all the stars in the sample is presented. Cross identifications, where possible, with IRAS and 2MASS catalogs are also given

Real time parameter identification and solution reconstruction from experimental data using the Proper Generalized Decomposition

Some industrial processes are modelled by parametric partial differential equations. Integrating computational modelling and data assimilation into the control process requires obtaining a solution of the numerical model at the characteristic frequency of the process (real-time). This paper introduces a computational strategy allowing to efficiently exploit measurements of those industrial processes, providing the solution of the model at the required frequency. This is particularly interesting in the framework of control algorithms that rely on a model involving a set of parameters. For instance, the curing process of a composite material is modelled as a thermo-mechanical problem whose corresponding parameters describe the thermal and mechanical behaviours. In this context, the information available (measurements) is used to update the parameters of the model and to produce new values of the control variables (data assimilation). The methodology presented here is devised to ensure the possibility of having a response in real-time of the problem and therefore the capability of integrating it in the control scheme. The Proper Generalized Decomposition is used to describe the solution in the multi-parametric space. The real-time data assimilation requires a further simplification of the solution representation that better fits the data (reconstructed solution) and it provides an implicit parameter identification. Moreover, the analysis of the assimilated data sensibility with respect to the points where the measurements are taken suggests a criterion to locate of the sensors.Peer Reviewe

Evaluation based on the gradient method of the elastic properties of human tissues in vivo

En la actualidad la simulación numérica del comportamiento mecánico de tejidos humanos en el campo de la medicina es un ámbito de estudio que ha despertado gran interés en la comunidad científica. El estudio del comportamiento de dichos tejidos conlleva una gran dificultad, en parte, atribuida al hecho de que el comportamiento de dichos tejidos cambia de paciente a paciente y en numerosas ocasiones no es posible realizar experimentos directos sobre el tejido para determinar sus propiedades elásticas. Para tal fin, en el presente trabajo se propone un método para hallar dichas propiedades asumiendo un modelo constitutivo de Mooney-Rivlin. Dicho método se basa en la información propor- cionada por imágenes médicas en dos situaciones de deformación del órgano y, mediante un proceso de optimización basado en el gradiente se obtienen, con precisión, las propiedades elásticas del modelo constitutivo. Los experimentos numéricos realizados demuestran la validez del método para el ejemplo utilizado.At present, the numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of human tissues in the field of medicine is a field of study that has aroused great interest in the scientific community. The study of the behavior of these tissues entails a great difficulty, partly attributed to the fact that the behavior of these tissues changes from patient to patient and in many occasions it is not possible to perform direct experiments on the tissue to determine its elastic properties. For this purpose, the present work proposes a method to find these properties assuming a constitutive model of Mooney-Rivlin. This method is based on the information provided by medical images in two situations of organ deformation and, through a process of optimization based on the gradient, the elastic properties of the constitutive model are obtained with precision. The numerical experiments performed demonstrate the validity of the method for the example used