Shrimp and conventional U-Pb age, Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics and tectonic significance of the K-rich Itapuranga suite in Goiás, Central Brazil

The Itapuranga alkali granite and Uruana quartz syenite are large K-rich EW-elongated intrusions, in the central part of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil. They are associated with Pireneus lineaments, which cut the regional NNW-SSE structures of the southern part of the belt. SHRIMP and conventional U-Pb data for the Itapuranga and Uruana intrusions indicate crystallization ages of 624 ± 10 Ma and 618 ± 4 Ma, respectively. Three zircon cores from the Itapuranga granite yielded U-Pb ages between 1.79 and 1.49 Ga. Sm-Nd TDM ages for both intrusions are 1.44 Ga and eNd(T) values are -5.1 and -5.7, suggesting the input of material derived from older (Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic) sialic crust in the origin of the parental magmas. Magma mixing structures indicate co-existence of mafic and felsic end-members. The felsic end-member of the intrusions is dominantly represented by crust-derived melts, formed in response to the invasion of Paleo/Mesoproterozoic sialic crust by alkali-rich mafic magmas at ca. 620 Ma. These intrusions are roughly contemporaneous with, or perhaps slightly younger than, the peak of regional metamorphism in the southern Brasília Belt. Their emplacement along the Pireneus lineament suggest a syn-tectonic origin for them, most probably in transtensional settings along these faults

Neoproterozoic anatexis of 2.9 Ga old granitoids in the Goiás-Crixás archean block, Central Brazil: evidence from new SHRIMP U-Pb data and Sm-Nd isotopes

The first SHRIMP U-Pb ages for granitoid rocks from the southern part of the Goiás-Crixás Archean Block (Caiçara and Uvá complexes) are presented and discussed in combination with Sm-Nd isotopic data in order to elucidate the main aspects of the geological evolution of that part of the Brasília Belt in central Brazil. Zircon grains from a tonalitic gneiss (GOV-4) in the Uvá Complex show that the original tonalite crystallized at 2934 ± 5 Ma. One metamorphic zircon crystal is concordant and indicates an Archean age for the recrystallization episode (2793 ± 3 Ma) and one inherited grain with an age of 3092 ± 9 suggests, together with negative values of µNd(T) (+0.4 and -4.6), that the magma was contaminated with older crust. One leucocratic granite (GOV-1) exposed north of the Goiás greenstone belt crystallized at 626 ± 7 Ma, as indicated by the igneous overgrowths surrounding older inherited cores. The latter indicate a crystallization age of 2893 ± 12 Ma. This rock is interpreted therefore as the product of Neoproterozoic anatexis of ca. 2.89 Ga-old rocks of the Caiçara Complex. This is reinforced by strongly negative µNd(T = 626) values of - 28.0 and -29.0. Its crystallization age is identical to the U-Pb ages of the Itapuranga granite and Uruana quartz syenite, which are exposed to the north of the investigated area and interpreted as syn-tectonic intrusions in relation to the main Brasiliano tectonic event. This represents, therefore, the first evidence of Neoproterozoic magmatism within the Goiás Archean Block and raises the possibility that other leucogranite dykes and stocks identified regionally may also have been formed during the Brasiliano orogeny.No presente estudo são reportadas as primeiras idades U-Pb SHRIMP para rochas granito-gnáissicas dos complexos Uvá e Caiçara, na parte sul dos terrenos arqueanos de Goiás. Combinados com análises isotópicas Sm-Nd, os dados U-Pb permitem aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito da evolução geológica daquela parte da Faixa Brasília. Cristais de zircão do gnaisse tonalítico de Uvá (GOV-4) indicam a idade de 2934 ± 5 Ma para a cristalização do protólito ígneo. Um grão de zircão metamórfico sugere idade de 2793 ± 3 Ma para o metamorfismo que afetou a rocha, enquanto que um grão herdado de zircão com idade de 3092 ± 9, aliado a valores de µNd(T) variando entre +0,4 e -4,6, sugere contaminação com crosta continental mais antiga. Granito leucocrático exposto a norte do greenstone belt de Crixás no Complexo Caiçara apresenta idade de cristalização de 626 ± 7 Ma, dada por sobrecrescimentos ígneos cristalizados em torno de núcleo com idade de 2893 ± 12 Ma. O resultado, combinado com valores fortemente negativos de µNd(T) (entre -28,0 e -29,0), indica que o granito é produto de refusão de rochas arqueanas com ca. 2,89 Ga de idade. A idade do granito é idêntica às idades U-Pb SHRIMP e convencional do álcali-granito Itapuranga e quartzo sienito de Uruana, expostos a norte da área estudada. Trata-se, portanto, do primeiro registro confiável de magmatismo Neoproterozóico no interior dos terrenos arqueanos de Goiás e pode sinalizar que vários dos pequenos corpos e diques de leucogranitos encontrados em meio aos terrenos TTG podem representar magmas gerados durante a orogênese brasiliana

Contribuição de uma seção gravimétrica transversal ao estudo da estruturação litosférica na porção setentrional da Província Borborema, NE do Brasil

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo gravimétrico 2,5D gerado a partir de 315 novas estações gravimétricas levantadas ao longo de uma seção transversal NW-SE com 750 km de extensão na porção setentrional da Província Borborema, NE do Brasil. A modelagem gravimétrica foi aplicada separadamente nas componentes regional e residual do campo gravitacional. A modelagem 2,5D das anomalias regionais revelou que a profundidade da interface crosta-manto varia de 28 a 32 km, considerando uma densidade média de 2,8 g/cm3 para a crosta continental e de 3,3 g/cm3 para o manto litosférico. As anomalias residuais de alta frequência foram interpretadas a partir do contraste de densidade da crosta superior, com uma espessura não superior a 10 km, e uma ampla associação litológica, com densidades variando de 2,55 a 2,9 g/cm3. A configuração geotectônica litosférica atual da Província Borborema é claramente resultado da ruptura dos continentes Sul-Americano e Africano no Mesozoico, na qual boa parte dos vestígios das estruturas tectônicas de grandes profundidades formadas durante a orogênese Brasiliana/Pan-Africana foi mascarada pelo último episódio tectônico responsável pela fragmentação do Gondwana Ocidental.This paper presents a 2.5D gravimetric model generated from 315 new gravity stations obtained along a NW-SE 750 km geophysical transect in the northeastern portion of the Borborema Province, NE Brazil. The regional and residual components of the gravity field were modeled separately. Modeling of the regional anomalies revealed a crustal thickness variation from 28 to 32 km, considering the average densities of about 2.8 g/cm3 for the continental crust and 3.3 g/cm3 for lithospheric mantle. High frequency residual anomalies were interpreted on the density contrasts between a 10 km thick upper crust and a broad assembly of supracrustal covers and basement units, which show density values between 2.55 to 2.9 g/cm3. The current configuration of the Borborema Province lithosphere is clearly the result of the Mesozoic South American - African breakup of West Gondwana, which overprinted the Brasiliano-Pan African orogenic structures

Shrimp and conventional U-Pb age, Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics and tectonic significance of the K-rich Itapuranga suite in Goiás, Central Brazil

The Itapuranga alkali granite and Uruana quartz syenite are large K-rich EW-elongated intrusions, in the central part of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil. They are associated with Pireneus lineaments, which cut the regional NNW-SSE structures of the southern part of the belt. SHRIMP and conventional U-Pb data for the Itapuranga and Uruana intrusions indicate crystallization ages of 624 ± 10 Ma and 618 ± 4 Ma, respectively. Three zircon cores from the Itapuranga granite yielded U-Pb ages between 1.79 and 1.49 Ga. Sm-Nd TDM ages for both intrusions are 1.44 Ga and eNd(T) values are -5.1 and -5.7, suggesting the input of material derived from older (Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic) sialic crust in the origin of the parental magmas. Magma mixing structures indicate co-existence of mafic and felsic end-members. The felsic end-member of the intrusions is dominantly represented by crust-derived melts, formed in response to the invasion of Paleo/Mesoproterozoic sialic crust by alkali-rich mafic magmas at ca. 620 Ma. These intrusions are roughly contemporaneous with, or perhaps slightly younger than, the peak of regional metamorphism in the southern Brasília Belt. Their emplacement along the Pireneus lineament suggest a syn-tectonic origin for them, most probably in transtensional settings along these faults

U-Pb SHRIMP and Sm-Nd geochronology of the Silvânia Volcanics and Jurubatuba Granite : juvenile paleoproterozoic crust in the basement of the neoproterozoic Brasília belt, Goiás, central Brazil

U-Pb SHRIMP and Sm-Nd isotopic ages were determined for felsic metavolcanic rocks from the Silvânia Sequence and Jurubatuba Granite in the central part of the Brasília Belt. Zircon grains from a metavolcanic sample yielded 2115 ± 23 Ma and from the granite yielded 2089 ± 14 Ma, interpreted as crystallization ages of these rocks. Six metavolcanic samples of the Silvânia Sequence yielded a six-point whole-rock Sm-Nd isochron indicating a crystallization age of 2262 ± 110 Ma and positive eNd(T) = +3.0 interpreted as a juvenile magmatic event. Nd isotopic analyses on samples from the Jurubatuba Granite have Paleoproterozoic TDM model ages between 2.30 and 2.42 Ga and eNd(T) values vary between -0.22 and -0.58. The oldest TDM value refers to a sedimentary xenolith in the granite. These results suggest crystallization ages of Silvânia volcanics and Jurubatuba Granite are the first evidence of a ca. 2.14-2.08 juvenile magmatic event in the basement of the central part of the Brasília Belt that implies the presence of arc/suture hidden in reworked basement of the Brasília Belt

Evidências de fonte jovem, próxima e primária (YPP) do diamante que ocorre nos aluviões dos rios Santo Antônio do Bonito, Santo Inácio e Douradinho na região de Coromandel, Minas Gerais

O extenso magmatismo associado ao alto estrutural Alto Paranaíba, responsável pela intrusão de kimberlitos, kamafugitos e complexos alcalinos, forma faixa de aproximadamente 400 x 150 km e orientação noroeste-sudeste na porção sul do Cráton do São Francisco. Datações realizadas em algumas intrusões ao longo da faixa mostram idades entre 120 e 75 Ma. ­Análises químicas de granada recuperada em amostragem aluvionar na região de Coromandel e adjacências, tradicionalmente produtoras de diamante, mostram evidências de janelas distintas de granada peridotítica de alto interesse em Três Ranchos e Coromandel. Estudos de 680 diamantes adquiridos ou recuperados durante programas de prospecção nas principais áreas de garimpo em Romaria, Estrela do Sul, Três Ranchos e Coromandel apresentam características únicas, distintas entre si, em que determinadas populações indicam procedência de fontes jovens, próximas e primárias (YPP). Especificamente em Coromandel, análises de 201 pedras provenientes de aluviões dos rios Santo Antônio do Bonito, Santo Inácio e Douradinho não mostram evidências de transporte, caracterizando fonte proximal. Em diferentes pontos das bacias dos rios mencionados, ocorre o conglomerado basal da Formação Capacete, Grupo Mata da Corda, do Cretáceo Superior, contendo principalmente seixos pouco arredondados e/ou angulosos de quartzito e de diferentes tipos de rochas básicas e ultrabásicas. Granada, ilmenita, espinélio e, em casos restritos, diamante são recuperados no conglomerado. Perfil magnetotelúrico realizado entre as bacias do Paraná e Sanfranciscana mostra litosfera subjacente espessa na região de Coromandel, capaz de preservar diamante, coincidente com a janela de granada peridotítica de alto interesse e com a população de diamante com característica de fonte proximal identificadas na área. Intrusões de kimberlito diamantífero ocorrem em diferentes pontos do Alto Paranaíba.Magmatism associated with the Alto Paranaíba structural high comprises kimberlites, kamafugites, and alkaline complexes, forming an approximately 400 x 150 km NW-SE belt in the southern São Francisco Craton. Dating of some intrusions reveals ages between 120 and 75 Ma. Chemical analyses of garnet recovered in alluvium from traditional diamond digging areas indicate peridotitic garnet windows in Três Ranchos and Coromandel. Six hundred and eighty (680) diamonds acquired or recovered during mineral exploration in the digging areas of Romaria, Estrela do Sul, Três Ranchos and Coromandel show unique characteristics, certain populations indicating young, proximal and primary sources (YPP). Analyses of 201 stones from Santo Antônio do Bonito, Santo Inácio and Douradinho rivers alluvium, Coromandel, present no evidence of transport, characterizing a proximal source. Within these river basins, exposures of the Late Cretaceous Capacete Formation basal conglomerate contain mainly small rounded and/or angular quartzite pebbles and of basic and ultrabasic rocks, as well as kimberlite minerals (garnet, ilmenite, spinel, sometimes diamond). A magnetotelluric profile between the Paraná and Sanfranciscana basins shows that the thick underlying lithosphere in the Coromandel region coincides with the peridotitic garnet window and with a diamond population displaying proximal source characteristics. Diamond-bearing kimberlite intrusions occur in different areas of Alto Paranaíba

Geophysical evidence of pre-sag rifting and post-rifting fault reactivation in the Parnaíba basin, Brazil

This study investigated the rifting mechanism that preceded the prolonged subsidence of the Paleozoic Parnaíba basin in Brazil and shed light on the tectonic evolution of this large cratonic basin in the South American platform. From the analysis of aeromagnetic, aerogravity, seismic reflection and borehole data, we concluded the following: (1) large pseudo-gravity and gravity lows mimic graben structures but are associated with linear supracrustal strips in the basement. (2) Seismic data indicate that 120–200 km wide and up to 300 km long rift zones occur in other parts of the basins. These rift zones mark the early stage of the 3.5 km thick sag basin. (3) The rifting phase occurred in the early Paleozoic and had a subsidence rate of 47mMyr1. (4) This rifting phase was followed by a long period of sag basin subsidence at a rate of 9.5mMyr1 between the Silurian and the late Cretaceous, during which rift faults propagated and influenced deposition. These data interpretations support the following succession of events: (1) after the Brasiliano orogeny (740–580 Ma), brittle reactivation of ductile basement shear zones led to normal and dextral oblique-slip faulting concentrated along the Transbrasiliano Lineament, a continentalscale shear zone that marks the boundary between basement crustal blocks. (2) The post-orogenic tectonic brittle reactivation of the ductile basement shear zones led to normal faulting associated with dextral oblique-slip crustal extension. In the west, pure-shear extension induced the formation of rift zones that crosscut metamorphic foliations and shear zones within the Parnaíba block. (3) The rift faults experienced multiple reactivation phases. (4) Similar processes may have occurred in coeval basin

Aplicações e limitações da termobarometria em migmatitos e granulitos usando como exemplo as rochas do Orógeno Araçuaí no Sul da Bahia, incluindo discussão do significado tectônico dos resultados

No sul da Bahia ocorrem migmatitos e granulitos do Complexo Jequitinhonha, porção norte do Orógeno Araçuaí. Os migmatitos (granada-cordierita diatexitos) dominam as rochas metamórficas e incluem lentes e camadas de granada granulito félsico. As condições de temperatura e pressão do metamorfismo foram calculadas com termobarometria convencional e THERMOCALC. Valores em torno de 850 °C e 7 kbar foram obtidos com THERMOCALC, sendo que para o diatexito os cálculos foram feitos considerando aH2O igual a 1, mas os melhores resultados de cálculos para o granulito são feitos com valores de aH2O igual a 0,3. Os cálculos de pressão obtidos com GAPES resultam em valores concordantes com o THERMOCALC, mas o par granada-ortopiroxênio sempre produz valores baixos para temperatura e elevados para pressão. Os resultados são condizentes com a presença do par granada e cordierita no diatexito e ortopiroxênio no granulito félsico. Do ponto de vista tectônico o ambiente em que o metamorfismo dessas rochas ocorreu necessita de alto fluxo de calor com anomalia térmica em regiões médias da crosta, considerando os valores de 7 kbar. Trabalhos recentes têm favorecido o fechamento de bacia back-arc para esse ambiente, mas isso não resolve o problema de que entre a época do pico metamórfico e a granitogênese final, envolvendo grandes corpos de charnockito, existe intervalo de mais de 80 milhões de anos. O modelo de comutação tectônica (tectonic switching) é sugerido para explicar a manutenção de temperaturas elevadas durante intervalo de tempo tão prolongado.In southern Bahia, there are outcrops of migmatites and granulites in the Jequitinhonha Complex, which is part of the northern portion of the Araçuaí Orogen. Migmatites (garnet-cordierite diatexite) dominate the metamorphic rocks and host lenses and layers of felsic garnet granulite. The conditions of temperature and pressure of metamorphism were calculated using conventional thermobarometry and the software THERMOCALC. Values around 850 °C and 7 kbar were obtained with THERMOCALC. The calculations for the garnet-cordierite diatexite were made considering aH2O equal to 1, but the best results of calculations for the granulites are obtained with aH2O values of 0.3. Pressure values obtained with GAPES resulted in consistent values with THERMOCALC, but the pair garnet-orthopyroxene always produces low values for temperature and high ones for pressure. The results are consistent with the presence of the pair garnet and cordierite in diatexite and orthopyroxene in felsic granulite. From the tectonic point of view, the setting in which metamorphism of these rocks occurred requires high heat flow with a thermal anomaly in mid continental crust, as indicated by values of 7 kbar. Recent studies have favored the closure of a back-arc basin for this tectonic setting, but it does not solve the problem that the time span between metamorphic peak and the end of granite intrusions, involving large bodies of charnockite, is more than 80 million years. The model of tectonic switching is suggested here as it can explain the maintenance of high temperatures for a more extended interval of time