An effective Denial of Service Attack Detection Method in Wireless Mesh Networks

AbstractIn order to detect the DoS attack (Denial-of-Service attack) when wireless mesh networks adopt AODV routing protocol of Ad Hoc networks. Such technologies as an end-to-end authentication, utilization rate of cache memory, two pre-assumed threshold value and distributed voting are used in this paper to detect DoS attacker, which is on the basic of hierarchical topology structure in wireless mesh networks. Through performance analysis in theory and simulations experiment, the scheme would improve the flexibility and accuracy of DoS attack detection, and would obviously improve its security in wireless mesh networks

Found in Translation: Western Science Books, Maps, and Music in China, 1860s-1920s

This dissertation explores a seminal episode in the history of global information flow. It unfolds a socio-cultural history of science books, maps, and sheet music that were originally authored and published in the U.S. and Britain, but which began a new life cycle through translation and printing in China during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when Western learning was introduced into China to an unprecedented degree. By looking at imprints published by and translation activities conducted in diverse institutes such as the Jiangnan Arsenal, the Canton Hospital, and the China Medical Missionary Association, I investigate how Western technical knowledge was communicated to a culture with a radically different language, epistemology, book-making and printing tradition, and convention of viewing. In this dissertation, I present a multidimensional analysis of translations through discussing their materiality, textuality, visuality, and interculturality. I first examine how the making of the translated page was conditioned by book cultures as different as Western and traditional Chinese ones. Printer-publishers’ strategies of adapting special content to the Chinese page resulted in imprints demonstrating hybridized bibliographical properties, found in their paratextual elements. These traces indicated that translations of Western science books, maps, and music stood on the vanguard of the amalgamation of two bookmaking cultures. Furthermore, I analyze translators’ diverse textual and visual strategies. While translators strived to adapt Western works for local readers, they also applied their understanding of the original text, augmented it with updates, and rearranged its organization. The visual representations in translations contributed to the transformation of Chinese visual conventions. Different types of visual modifications were caused by illustrators’ indigenizing efforts, their artistic training and workshop practices, contemporary intellectual trends, and their accommodations to new printing and reproduction technologies. Finally, I reveal the mechanism of intercultural, international, and interlingual communication networks—the underlying force that facilitated translation at every stage—which include the collaboration between oral and scribal translators and inter/intra-organizational connections among a wide range of networked agents (e.g., translators, printer-publishers, illustrators, readers, and sponsors). I propose an extension of the “communication circuit” model to encompass new horizons for international and intercultural connections

Emotion Recognition by Video: A review

Video emotion recognition is an important branch of affective computing, and its solutions can be applied in different fields such as human-computer interaction (HCI) and intelligent medical treatment. Although the number of papers published in the field of emotion recognition is increasing, there are few comprehensive literature reviews covering related research on video emotion recognition. Therefore, this paper selects articles published from 2015 to 2023 to systematize the existing trends in video emotion recognition in related studies. In this paper, we first talk about two typical emotion models, then we talk about databases that are frequently utilized for video emotion recognition, including unimodal databases and multimodal databases. Next, we look at and classify the specific structure and performance of modern unimodal and multimodal video emotion recognition methods, talk about the benefits and drawbacks of each, and then we compare them in detail in the tables. Further, we sum up the primary difficulties right now looked by video emotion recognition undertakings and point out probably the most encouraging future headings, such as establishing an open benchmark database and better multimodal fusion strategys. The essential objective of this paper is to assist scholarly and modern scientists with keeping up to date with the most recent advances and new improvements in this speedy, high-influence field of video emotion recognition

Photoperiod-responsive changes in chromatin accessibility in phloem companion and epidermis cells of Arabidopsis leaves

Photoperiod plays a key role in controlling the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in flowering plants. Leaves are the major organs perceiving day-length signals, but how specific leaf cell types respond to photoperiod remains unknown. We integrated photoperiod-responsive chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data in leaf epidermis and vascular companion cells of Arabidopsis thaliana by combining isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell/tissue types with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Despite a large overlap, vasculature and epidermis cells responded differently. Long-day predominantly induced accessible chromatin regions (ACRs); in the vasculature, more ACRs were induced and these were located at more distal gene regions, compared with the epidermis. Vascular ACRs induced by long days were highly enriched in binding sites for flowering-related transcription factors. Among the highly ranked genes (based on chromatin and expression signatures in the vasculature), we identified TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATASE/SYNTHASE 9 (TPS9) as a flowering activator, as shown by the late flowering phenotypes of T-DNA insertion mutants and transgenic lines with phloem-specific knockdown of TPS9. Our cell-type-specific analysis sheds light on how the long-day photoperiod stimulus impacts chromatin accessibility in a tissue-specific manner to regulate plant development

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Optimization analysis of time frequency spectrum enhancement of tunnel blasting vibration signal

Aiming at the problem of insufficient time-frequency resolution of tunnel blasting vibration signal, a time-frequency image enhancement algorithm based on convolutional neural network is applied, through the time-frequency image enhancement of the measured tunnel blasting signal, the aggregation range of the blasting signal energy in the time-frequency domain is captured, and the real signal reflecting the blasting characteristics is reconstructed; according to the real signal, the initiation time of detonator in blasting network is accurately distinguished, and the characteristics of tunnel blasting detonator disaster source are identified.The analysis shows that the time-frequency image enhancement algorithm based on convolutional neural network can effectively suppress the cross-terms in the signal, retain the auto-terms of the signal to the greatest extent, and improve the energy aggregation and time-frequency resolution of the blasting signal; The mixed use of different batches of detonators is the main disaster causing factor of tunnel safety.Supervision should be strengthened to realize safe and efficient tunnel construction

Herbivore-Induced Rice Volatiles Attract and Affect the Predation Ability of the Wolf Spiders, <i>Pirata subpiraticus</i> and <i>Pardosa pseudoannulata</i>

Spiders are important natural enemies of rice pests. Studying the effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on spider attraction and predation ability may lead to safer methods for pest prevention and control. In this study, four-arm olfactometer, predation ability experiment, and field trapping experiment were used to evaluate the effects of herbivore-induced rice volatiles on Pirata subpiraticus Bösenberg et Strand (Araneae: Lycosidae) and Pardosa pseudoannulata Bösenberg et Strand (Araneae: Lycosidae). The 0.5 μg/μL linalool concentration was attractive, and also shortened the predation latency in male P. subpiraticus and female P. pseudoannulata. The 0.5 μg/μL linalool concentration increased the daily predation capacity of female P. pseudoannulata. Male P. pseudoannulata were attracted to 1.0 g/L methyl salicylate, which also shortened their predation latency. In field experiments, methyl salicylate and linalool were effective for trapping spiders. Herbivore-induced rice volatiles attract rice field spiders and affect their predatory ability. These results suggest that herbivore-induced rice volatiles can be used to attract spiders and provide improved control of rice pests

PTA-Welded Coatings with Saturation Magnetization above 1.3 T Using FeCrBSi Powders with Chemical Composition Similar to AISI 430 Ferrite Stainless Steel

Fe-Cr-based soft magnetic alloy (SMA) monolayer coatings with high saturation magnetization (Ms) above 1.3 T were deposited onto AISI 1010 substrate by co-axial powder feeding plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, using FeCrBSi self-fluxing powders Fe313, which have a similar chemical composition to AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The effect of welding parameters on the phase assemblage, microstructure, hardness and magnetic performance of the coatings was investigated. The results show that the coating’s maximum width and the welding surplus height increased with the rise in welding heat input and powder distribution density, respectively. The coating’s Ms increased sharply, but its coercivity (Hc) decreased with the growth in the substrate dilution ratio. The coating’s Hc increased whereas its Ms decreased with the increment in welding heat input. The as-welded coating C3 with optimum magnetic performance had a dendrites–eutectics composite structure, where the columnar or equiaxed sorbitic pearlite dendritic cores surrounded by network-like eutectics α(Fe,Cr) + (Fe1−xCrx)2B were the main contents. Moreover, (Fe,Cr)7C3 and CrB had also been detected, and they were mainly distributed in the interdendritic regions. The body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) α(Fe,Cr) multi-element solid solution contributes to a high Ms of 1.61 T, and the borides (Fe1−xCrx)2B and CrB as well as (Fe,Cr)7C3 and other carbides cause a high Hc of 58.6 Oe and hardness HV0.3 of 4.90 ± 0.06 GPa, much higher than that of AISI 430 FSS (HV < 1.8 GPa). The current work verifies the feasibility of fabricating Ni- and Co-free FeCrBSi SMA coatings with high Ms and high hardness via PTA welding, and since the feedstock powders have chemical composition similar to AISI 430 FSS, the work may bring about novel applications for AISI 430 FSS in particular cases where the considerable wear-resistant performance as well as superior soft magnetic and anti-corrosive properties are required