114 research outputs found

    Recomendação de Curvas de Crescimento para Crianças Nascidas Pré-Termo

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    Em 2013, a Secção de Neonatologia da Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria, face Ă  existĂȘncia de vĂĄrias curvas de avaliação de crescimento para crianças nascidas prĂ©-termo e Ă  falta de homogeneidade de critĂ©rios na sua escolha, nomeou um grupo de peritos que procedeu Ă  revisĂŁo crĂ­tica das curvas disponĂ­veis e recomenda as que considera mais adequadas para utilização na prĂĄtica clĂ­nica em fases especĂ­ficas da vida: ao nascimento (Fenton 2013), durante o internamento na unidade de Neonatologia (Fenton 2013 e Ehrenkranz 1999) e a longo prazo (OMS 2006). As decisĂ”es foram tomadas com base na classificação sistemĂĄtica do nĂ­vel de evidĂȘncia e do grau de recomendação. A presente recomendação: Ă© vĂĄlida enquanto nĂŁo forem publicados os resultados do estudo do consĂłrcio multicĂȘntrico INTERGROWTH-21st, recentemente incumbido da construção de valores de referĂȘncia, mais prĂłximos do padrĂŁo, de crianças nascidas prĂ©-termo; tem o propĂłsito de auxiliar os clĂ­nicos na decisĂŁo clĂ­nica, mas nĂŁo ser o Ășnico instrumento de avaliação do crescimento das crianças nascidas prĂ©-termo; pode nĂŁo proporcionar elementos suficientes para orientação do crescimento de todas estas crianças

    Chronic interstitial pneumonitis

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    A patologia pulmonar intersticial compreende um grupo de doenças crĂłnicas caracterizadas por alteraçÔes das paredes alveolares e perda das unidades funcionais alveolocapilares. SĂŁo doenças raras nas crianças, na sua maioria de causa desconhecida e revestindo-se habitualmente de uma elevada morbimortalidade, dada a pouca eficĂĄcia da terapĂȘutica actualmente disponĂ­vel. Os autores descrevem o caso clĂ­nico de uma criança de 3 anos, previamente saudĂĄvel, que no contexto de uma infecção respiratĂłria desenvolve um quadro de sibilĂąncia e insuficiĂȘncia respiratĂłria grave, na investigação do qual Ă© diagnosticada uma pneumonite intersticial crĂłnica. Foram tentadas diversas terapĂȘuticas (corticoterapia sistĂ©mica, hidroxicloroquina, N-acetilcisteĂ­na) sem melhoria evidente.Interstitial lung disease includes a group of chronic diseases characterized by alterations in alveolar walls and loss of functional alveolar-capillary units. These are rare diseases in children, mostly with an unknown cause and associated with a high morbidity and mortality due to insufficient therapeutic effectiveness. The authors report a case of a previously healthy 3 years old child who presented with wheezing and severe respiratory insufficiency following a respiratory infection. The investigation performed led to the diagnosis of chronic interstitial pneumonitis. Several treatments have been tried (corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine, N-acetylcysteine) without any obvious improvement

    Anålise numérica do comportamento de fundaçÔes superficiais tipo sapata

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    Neste trabalho estuda-se o comportamento de fundaçÔes superficiais em sapata de um edifĂ­cio localizado em Águas Claras/DF, atravĂ©s da modelagem numĂ©rica tridimensional do sistema estrutural solo-fundação superficial, utilizando o programa de elementos finitos Plaxis 3D Foundation, como os seguintes objetivos: determinar os recalques e as tensĂ”es desenvolvidas no solo de fundação; avaliar a influĂȘncia recĂ­proca entre as sapatas da fundação, bem como influĂȘncia das etapas de construção das fundaçÔes. Os resultados sĂŁo apresentados sob a forma de tabelas e grĂĄficos, onde os recalques obtidos pela modelagem numĂ©rica foram comparados com valores previstos atravĂ©s da teoria da elasticidade. As anĂĄlises demonstraram a influĂȘncia do efeito de grupo entre as fundaçÔes superficiais e do processo construtivo na configuração final dos recalques. AlĂ©m disso, a comparação numĂ©rico-analĂ­tica mostrou que os recalques previstos pelos mĂ©todos numĂ©ricos foram maiores que os valores obtidos pelo mĂ©todo analĂ­tico, porĂ©m com valores menores que o limite tolerĂĄvel de 65 mm (NBR 6122)2016-12-30Artigo submetido e aceito no COBRAMSEG (2016

    Nod2 Suppresses Borrelia burgdorferi Mediated Murine Lyme Arthritis and Carditis through the Induction of Tolerance

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    The internalization of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by phagocytes is essential for an effective activation of the immune response to this pathogen. The intracellular, cytosolic receptor Nod2 has been shown to play varying roles in either enhancing or attenuating inflammation in response to different infectious agents. We examined the role of Nod2 in responses to B. burgdorferi. In vitro stimulation of Nod2 deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) resulted in decreased induction of multiple cytokines, interferons and interferon regulated genes compared with wild-type cells. However, B. burgdorferi infection of Nod2 deficient mice resulted in increased rather than decreased arthritis and carditis compared to control mice. We explored multiple potential mechanisms for the paradoxical response in in vivo versus in vitro systems and found that prolonged stimulation with a Nod2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP), resulted in tolerance to stimulation by B. burgdorferi. This tolerance was lost with stimulation of Nod2 deficient cells that cannot respond to MDP. Cytokine patterns in the tolerance model closely paralleled cytokine profiles in infected Nod2 deficient mice. We propose a model where Nod2 has an enhancing role in activating inflammation in early infection, but moderates inflammation after prolonged exposure to the organism through induction of tolerance

    Cognitive Dysfunction Is Sustained after Rescue Therapy in Experimental Cerebral Malaria, and Is Reduced by Additive Antioxidant Therapy

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    Neurological impairments are frequently detected in children surviving cerebral malaria (CM), the most severe neurological complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathophysiology and therapy of long lasting cognitive deficits in malaria patients after treatment of the parasitic disease is a critical area of investigation. In the present study we used several models of experimental malaria with differential features to investigate persistent cognitive damage after rescue treatment. Infection of C57BL/6 and Swiss (SW) mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) or a lethal strain of Plasmodium yoelii XL (PyXL), respectively, resulted in documented CM and sustained persistent cognitive damage detected by a battery of behavioral tests after cure of the acute parasitic disease with chloroquine therapy. Strikingly, cognitive impairment was still present 30 days after the initial infection. In contrast, BALB/c mice infected with PbA, C57BL6 infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and SW infected with non lethal Plasmodium yoelii NXL (PyNXL) did not develop signs of CM, were cured of the acute parasitic infection by chloroquine, and showed no persistent cognitive impairment. Reactive oxygen species have been reported to mediate neurological injury in CM. Increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes was detected in the brains of PbA-infected C57BL/6 mice with CM, indicating high oxidative stress. Treatment of PbA-infected C57BL/6 mice with additive antioxidants together with chloroquine at the first signs of CM prevented the development of persistent cognitive damage. These studies provide new insights into the natural history of cognitive dysfunction after rescue therapy for CM that may have clinical relevance, and may also be relevant to cerebral sequelae of sepsis and other disorders
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