L'évaluation en 1-2H

Étant spécialisées dans le premier cycle de l’école primaire, nous avons choisi de traiter un sujet s’inscrivant dans les degrés s’y rapportant. Notre travail de mémoire traite du thème de l’évaluation en 1-2H et plus particulièrement des pratiques des enseignantes exerçant dans le canton du Jura. Dans le présent travail, nous abordons différents aspects de l’évaluation, tels que les formes, les outils, les différents types de régulation et les critères découlant du Plan d’études romand (2010). Nous nous intéressons également aux appréciations utilisées par les enseignantes et à la transmission d’informations aux parents d’élèves. Plus particulièrement, nos objectifs de recherche sont de saisir comment les enseignantes parlent des outils d’évaluation, de déterminer les différents changements qu’impliquent l’introduction du Plan d’étude romand (PER) dans la thématique de l’évaluation, ainsi que de connaître les différents enjeux en ce qui concerne la transmission des évaluations aux parents et aux autres acteurs intervenant dans le cadre scolaire

Mobile uranium(IV)-bearing colloids in a mining-impacted wetland

Tetravalent uranium is commonly assumed to form insoluble species, resulting in the immobilization of uranium under reducing conditions. Here we present the first report of mobile U(IV)-bearing colloids in the environment, bringing into question this common assumption. We investigate the mobility of uranium in a mining-impacted wetland in France harbouring uranium concentrations of up to 14,000 p. p. m. As an apparent release of uranium into the stream passing through the wetland was observable, we examine soil and porewater composition as a function of depth to assess the geochemical conditions leading to this release. The analyses show the presence of U(IV) in soil as a non-crystalline species bound to amorphous Al-P-Fe-Si aggregates, and in porewater, as a distinct species associated with Fe and organic matter colloids. These results demonstrate the lability of U(IV) in these soils and its association with mobile porewater colloids that are ultimately released into surface water

Phylogenetic comparison of Desulfotomaculum species of subgroup 1a and description of Desulfotomaculum reducens sp.nov.

A genome and physiological comparison was made of the type strains of Desulfotomaculum species belonging to subgroup 1a and of 'Desulfotomaculum reducens' strain MI-1. Phenotypically, 'Desulfotomaculum reducens' strain MI-1 can be distinguished from the other described Desulfotomaculum species of subgroup 1a by its ability to grow with propionate and butyrate. In addition, the strain is able to use a variety of metals as electron acceptors. Metal reduction has not been tested in the other species, but seems likely based on our genome analysis. Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the average nucleotide identity between the genomes of the species of subgroup 1a show that strain MI-1 represents a novel species within the Desulfotomaculum 1a subgroup, Desulfotomaculum reducens sp. nov. The type strain is MI-1(T).EM

Data from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras<sup>Q61K</sup> on an INK4a-Deficient Background

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In human cutaneous malignant melanoma, a predominance of activated mutations in the N-&lt;i&gt;ras&lt;/i&gt; gene has been documented. To obtain a mouse model most closely mimicking the human disease, a transgenic mouse line was generated by targeting expression of dominant-active human N-&lt;i&gt;ras&lt;/i&gt; (N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt;) to the melanocyte lineage by tyrosinase regulatory sequences (Tyr::N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt;). Transgenic mice show hyperpigmented skin and develop cutaneous metastasizing melanoma. Consistent with the tumor suppressor function of the INK4a locus that encodes p16&lt;sup&gt;INK4A&lt;/sup&gt; and p19&lt;sup&gt;ARF&lt;/sup&gt;, &gt;90% of Tyr::N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; INK4a&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; transgenic mice develop melanoma at 6 months. Primary melanoma tumors are melanotic, multifocal, microinvade the epidermis or epithelium of hair follicles, and disseminate as metastases to lymph nodes, lung, and liver. Primary melanoma can be transplanted s.c. in nude mice, and if injected i.v. into NOD/SCID mice colonize the lung. In addition, primary melanomas and metastases contain cells expressing the stem cell marker nestin suggesting a hierarchical structure of the tumors comprised of primitive nestin-expressing precursors and differentiated cells. In conclusion, a novel mouse model with melanotic and metastasizing melanoma was obtained by recapitulating genetic lesions frequently found in human melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jats:p

Supplementary Table 1 from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; on an INK4a-Deficient Background

Supplementary Table 1 from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; on an INK4a-Deficient Background</jats:p

Data from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; on an INK4a-Deficient Background

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In human cutaneous malignant melanoma, a predominance of activated mutations in the N-&lt;i&gt;ras&lt;/i&gt; gene has been documented. To obtain a mouse model most closely mimicking the human disease, a transgenic mouse line was generated by targeting expression of dominant-active human N-&lt;i&gt;ras&lt;/i&gt; (N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt;) to the melanocyte lineage by tyrosinase regulatory sequences (Tyr::N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt;). Transgenic mice show hyperpigmented skin and develop cutaneous metastasizing melanoma. Consistent with the tumor suppressor function of the INK4a locus that encodes p16&lt;sup&gt;INK4A&lt;/sup&gt; and p19&lt;sup&gt;ARF&lt;/sup&gt;, &gt;90% of Tyr::N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; INK4a&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; transgenic mice develop melanoma at 6 months. Primary melanoma tumors are melanotic, multifocal, microinvade the epidermis or epithelium of hair follicles, and disseminate as metastases to lymph nodes, lung, and liver. Primary melanoma can be transplanted s.c. in nude mice, and if injected i.v. into NOD/SCID mice colonize the lung. In addition, primary melanomas and metastases contain cells expressing the stem cell marker nestin suggesting a hierarchical structure of the tumors comprised of primitive nestin-expressing precursors and differentiated cells. In conclusion, a novel mouse model with melanotic and metastasizing melanoma was obtained by recapitulating genetic lesions frequently found in human melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</jats:p

Supplementary Table 2 from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; on an INK4a-Deficient Background

Supplementary Table 2 from Metastasizing Melanoma Formation Caused by Expression of Activated N-Ras&lt;sup&gt;Q61K&lt;/sup&gt; on an INK4a-Deficient Background</jats:p