The Schüssel Era in Austria

Wolfgang Schüssel was a dominating actor in the Austrian political arena over a period of twenty years. He served as minister of economics (1989-1995), and vice chancellor and foreign minister (1995-2000) in ÖVP/SPÖ grand coalition governments. As chairman of the ÖVP (1995-2007), he brought his conservative party out of the political wilderness of opposition and playing junior partner in coalitions with the SPÖ. He dominated Austrian politics as chancellor (2000-2007) in a small coalition with Jörg Haider’s controversial aggressively nationalist FPÖ. Schüssel tried to domesticate the Freedomites by holding them on a tight leash in his coalition government. He needed the FPÖ to accomplish his neoliberal economic and social reform agenda, while at the same time the FPÖ undermined Schüssel’s EU policies. The essays in this volume argue that Schüssel’s political record and legacy are ambiguous. With a confrontational style of governance he unleashed big reforms such as trimming the hidebound pension system and giving more autonomy to higher education. In the process he undermined Austria’s consensual social partnership. His record of supporting the European Union agenda is ambivalent. Austrian public opinion in support of the EU declined precipitously. He was a superb tactician and negotiator yet failed to achieve broad popular acceptance for his ambitious reforms. His imprint on Austrian history is so significant that many of the authors of the essays in this volume call it “the Schüssel era.

Campaign finance in den USA

'Die USA stellen einen exemplarischen Fall für exponentiell steigende Wahlkampfausgaben, fragwürdige Finanzierungspraktiken und ein de facto kollabiertes Regelungssystem dar. Anhand der aktuellen Diskussion um die Wahlkampffinanzierung werden drei Problemperspektiven angesprochen: Erstens geht es um die Erforschung der Ursachen des steigenden Kapitalbedarfs kompetitiver Wahlkämpfe in den USA als Musterbeispiel einer Teledemokratie. Aus demokratietheoretischer Sicht zu diskutieren sind zweitens die aus finanziellen Wettbewerbsnachteilen resultierenden Konsequenzen eines verzerrten demokratischen Wettbewerbs. Finanz- und kapitalstarke Wettbewerber werden begünstigt, Personen und Gruppen, die über keine hinreichende Unterstützung finanzstarker Interessenlagen verfügen, werden zu chancenlosen Außenseitern gemacht. Die fortschreitende Verflechtung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Interessen führt zu Abhängigkeiten gewählter Amtsträger und erhöhter Korruptionsanfälligkeit. Drittens erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der geltenden Regelungslage, um die Transparenz und Chancengleichheit des demokratischen Wettbewerbs sicherzustellen. Reformen zur Beseitigung bestehender Defizite des aktuellen Rechts werden abschließend dargestellt.' (Autorenreferat)'The United States represent an exemplary case for exponentially rising expenditures in election campaigns, dubious financing practices and a de facto collapsed control system. Following the current discussion on campaign finance, three problem approaches are mentioned: Firstly, the causes of the increasing capital requirements in competitive campaigns in the United States as model of teledemocracy have to be investigated. Secondly, from the democracy theoretical view it is worthwhile to discuss the consequences of a distorted democratic competition resulting from financial competition disadvantages. Financially strong competitors are favoured, whereas persons or groups which do not have any adequate support of strong financial interests are outsiders bound to lose. The progressive interweaving of political and economic interests results in dependencies of chosen office holders and in a rising vulnerability to corruption. Thirdly, a critical discourse about the present regulations takes place to guarantee the transparency and equal opportunities of democratic competition. Reforms for the elimination of existing deficits of the current law are described finally.' (author's abstract

The Effect of Fact-Checking on Elites: A Field Experiment on U.S. State Legislators

© 2014, Midwest Political Science Association. Does external monitoring improve democratic performance? Fact-checking has come to play an increasingly important role in political coverage in the United States, but some research suggests it may be ineffective at reducing public misperceptions about controversial issues. However, fact-checking might instead help improve political discourse by increasing the reputational costs or risks of spreading misinformation for political elites. To evaluate this deterrent hypothesis, we conducted a field experiment on a diverse group of state legislators from nine U.S. states in the months before the November 2012 election. In the experiment, a randomly assigned subset of state legislators was sent a series of letters about the risks to their reputation and electoral security if they were caught making questionable statements. The legislators who were sent these letters were substantially less likely to receive a negative fact-checking rating or to have their accuracy questioned publicly, suggesting that fact-checking can reduce inaccuracy when it poses a salient threat

Global political campaigning : a worldwide analysis of campaign professionals and their practices/ Plasser

xx, 400 hal.: tab.; 23 cm

Introduction

The seven years of Wolfgang Schüssel’s chancellorship (2000-2007) represent a departure from traditional policies and governmental style in Austria. They are also characterized by passing a reform agenda that will have lasting impact. As a consequence of his governing style, Schüssel was prepared to accept a greater intensity in domestic political conflict and policy innovations. He cast aside long-standing traditions in the formation of post-World War II national governments when he took off..

Global Austria

"After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Austria transformed itself from an empire to a small Central European country. Formerly an important player in international affairs, the new republic was quickly sidelined by the European concert of powers. The enormous losses of territory and population in Austria’s post-Habsburg state of existence, however, did not result in a political, economic, cultural, and intellectual black hole. The essays in the twentieth anniversary volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies argue that the small Austrian nation found its place in the global arena of the twentieth century and made a mark both on Europe and the world. Be it Freudian psychoanalysis, the “fin-de-siècle” Vienna culture of modernism, Austro-Marxist thought, or the Austrian School of Economics, Austrian hinkers and ideas were still wielding a notable impact on the world. Alongside these cultural and intellectual dimensions, Vienna remained the Austrian capital and reasserted its strong position in Central European and international business and finance. Innovative Austrian companies are operating all over the globe. This volume also examines how the globalizing world of the twentieth century has impacted Austrian demography, society, and political life. Austria’s place in the contemporary world is increasingly determined by the forces of the European integration process. European Union membership brings about convergence and a regional orientation with ramifications for Austria’s global role. Austria emerges in the essays of this volume as a highly globalized country with an economy, society, and political culture deeply grounded in Europe. The globalization of Austria, it appears, turns out to be in many instances an “Europeanization.”