Quantifying seasonal hydrogen storage demands under cost and market uptake uncertainties in energy system transformation pathways

Climate neutrality paradigms put electricity systems at the core of a clean energy supply. At the same time, indirect electrification, with a potential uptake of hydrogen or derived fuel economy, plays a crucial role in decarbonising the energy supply and industrial processes. Besides energy markets coordinating the transition, climate and energy policy targets require fundamental changes and expansions in the energy transmission, import, distribution, and storage infrastructures. While existing studies identify relevant demands for hydrogen, critical decisions involve imports versus domestic fuel production and investments in new or repurposing existing pipeline and storage infrastructure. Linking the pan-European energy system planning model SCOPE SD with the multiperiod European gas market model IMAGINE, the case study analysis and its transformation pathway results indicate extensive network development of hydrogen infrastructure, including expansion beyond refurbished methane infrastructure. However, the ranges of future hydrogen storage costs and market uptake restrictions expose and quantify the uncertainty of its role in Europes transformation. The study finds that rapidly planning the construction of hydrogen storage and pipeline infrastructure is crucial to achieving the required capacity by 2050

Schlussbericht Ladeinfrastruktur 2.0 des Fraunhofer Instituts für Energiewirtschaft und Energiesystemtechnik (IEE)

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Case study input data set for article "Stochastic planning of energy system transformation pathways under uncertain industry demands"

<p>The data set contains input data for the model EMPRISE of Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE. </p&gt

Prognostizierter Hochlauf der Ladeinfrastruktur in Hamburg und Modellierung des Ladestrombedarfs von Elektroautos für Niederspannungsnetze

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Modeling Spatial Charging Demands Related to Electric Vehicles for Power Grid Planning Applications

The electrification of the transport sector together with an increasing share of renewable energies has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions significantly. This transformation requires the rollout of charging infrastructure, which has an impact on power grids. For grid planning and dimensioning purposes, it is crucial to assess this rapidly growing impact. We present an approach using socio-economic data such as income levels together with a model for demographic changes to estimate where electric mobility is likely to be concentrated, especially during the transformation phase. We present a total-cost-of-ownership approach for the ramp-up of electric mobility, considering an increased penetration of renewable energies. With the city of Wiesbaden in Germany as an example for an application area, the possible expansion of vehicle ownership and charging points is modeled on the level of individual buildings. Compared to a simpler approach, the detailed model results in more consistent charging point allocations, higher line/transformer loadings and lower bus voltages for the investigated grids. Predicting future distributions of charging points with such a level of detail in terms of ramp-up and spatial resolution proves potentially beneficial for grid analysis and planning purposes, especially in urban areas, where infrastructure changes are expensive and time-consuming.</jats:p

Modeling Spatial Charging Demands Related to Electric Vehicles for Power Grid Planning Applications

The electrification of the transport sector together with an increasing share of renewable energies has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions significantly. This transformation requires the rollout of charging infrastructure, which has an impact on power grids. For grid planning and dimensioning purposes, it is crucial to assess this rapidly growing impact. We present an approach using socio-economic data such as income levels together with a model for demographic changes to estimate where electric mobility is likely to be concentrated, especially during the transformation phase. We present a total-cost-of-ownership approach for the ramp-up of electric mobility, considering an increased penetration of renewable energies. With the city of Wiesbaden in Germany as an example for an application area, the possible expansion of vehicle ownership and charging points is modeled on the level of individual buildings. Compared to a simpler approach, the detailed model results in more consistent charging point allocations, higher line/transformer loadings and lower bus voltages for the investigated grids. Predicting future distributions of charging points with such a level of detail in terms of ramp-up and spatial resolution proves potentially beneficial for grid analysis and planning purposes, especially in urban areas, where infrastructure changes are expensive and time-consuming

Modeling spatial and temporal charging demands for electric vehicles for scenarios with an increasing share of renewable energies

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The electrification of the transport sector together with an increasing share of renewable energies has the potential to reduce CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions significantly. This transformation requires the roll-out of charging infrastructure, which, as a new and rapidly growing electrical consumer, has an impact on the power grid. For grid planning and dimensioning purposes, it is crucial to assess this impact as accurately as possible. Consequently, the possibility to simulate potential spatial distributions of charging points and their ramp-up is of central importance. We present an approach using socio-economic data such as population size, income levels and age to estimate where electric mobility will be concentrated, especially during the transition phase.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Suitable socio-economic data for Germany is only available for the current population and, in terms of spatial resolution, at the level of streets. Thus, both spatial disaggregation and temporal extrapolation within a demographic model are necessary for more detailed scenario predictions. In our proposed approach, a fuzzy-string comparison method and geographical mapping are used to allocate the socio-economic data to buildings (LOD1). A prediction on demographic changes taking into account recent municipal developments in Germany has been implemented. Age-specific changes at the community level are disaggregated on the household level and merged with socio-economic data. Combined with framework scenarios, we use these criteria based on socio-economic factors to develop spatially disaggregated scenarios. The framework scenarios take into account an increased penetration of renewable energies and a developed TCO approach for the ramp-up of electric mobility.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Predicting future distributions of domestic charging points with such a level of detail in terms of the ramp-up model and spatial resolution is highly beneficial for grid analysis and planning purposes. Typically, distribution grid studies that assess necessary grid investments rely on various simplified assumptions. A more detailed analysis of when and where the power flow at certain building connection points is likely to increase allows for more precise analyses of possible grid congestions. This also makes more efficient grid reinforcement and expansion planning possible, especially in urban areas, where infrastructure changes are expensive and time-consuming.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Another important aspect for demand-driven grid planning is the temporal modeling of charging processes. We use individual driving profiles based on surveys to create charging profiles for different consumer types. We combine them with a holistic model of the energy system including power plant scheduling as well as other (future) local producers and consumers such as photovoltaics and heat pumps. It allows us to consider correlations and simultaneities in their behavior and additionally enables us to explore various flexibility options and their influence on the electricity market and the grid.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; </jats:p

Overcoming the disconnect between energy system and climate modeling

Energy system models underpin decisions by energy system planners and operators. Energy system modeling faces a transformation: accounting for changing meteorological conditions imposed by climate change. To enable that transformation, a community of practice in energy-climate modeling has started to form that aims to better integrate energy system models with weather and climate models. Here, we evaluate the disconnects between the energy system and climate modeling communities, then lay out a research agenda to bridge those disconnects. In the near-term, we propose interdisciplinary activities for expediting uptake of future climate data in energy system modeling. In the long-term, we propose a transdisciplinary approach to enable development of (1) energy-system-tailored climate datasets for historical and future meteorological conditions and (2) energy system models that can effectively leverage those datasets. This agenda increases the odds of meeting ambitious climate mitigation goals by systematically capturing and mitigating climate risk in energy sector decision-making