The current status of radiological clinical audit and feedback on the ESR Guide to Clinical Audit in Radiology and the ESR Clinical Audit Tool (Esperanto) – an ESR Survey of European Radiology Departments

Clinical audit “according to national procedures” is a legal requirement as defined within the recently implemented European Council Basic Safety Standards Directive (BSSD), 2013/59/Euratom. A survey was undertaken in 2019 to assess the current status of clinical audit in European radiology departments and for feedback on the recently published “ESR Guide to Clinical Audit in Radiology” and the “ESR Clinical Audit Tool (Esperanto)”. The survey was distributed within the European Society of Radiology (ESR) EuroSafe Imaging Star network and also to European national radiological societies which are institutional members of the ESR

CGIAR modeling approaches for resource constrained scenarios: IV Models for analyzing socio‐economic factors to improve policy recommendations

International crop-related research as conducted by the CGIAR uses crop modelingfor a variety of purposes. By linking crop models with economic models andapproaches, crop model outputs can be effectively used as inputs into socioeco-nomic modeling efforts for priority setting and policy advice using ex-ante impactassessment of technologies and scenario analysis. This requires interdisciplinarycollaboration and very often collaboration across a variety of research organizations.This study highlights the key topics, purposes, and approaches of socioeconomicanalysis within the CGIAR related to cropping systems. Although each CGIARcenter has a different mission, all CGIAR centers share a common strategy of strivingtoward a world free of hunger, poverty, and environmental degradation. This meansresearch is mostly focused toward resource-constrained smallholder farmers. Thereview covers global modeling efforts using the IMPACT model to farm householdbio-economic models for assessing the potential impact of new technologies onfarming systems and livelihoods. Although the CGIAR addresses all aspects of foodsystems, the focus of this review is on crop commodities and the economic analysislinked to crop-growth model results. This study, while not a comprehensive review,provides insights into the richness of the socioeconomic modeling endeavors withinthe CGIAR. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches to addressthe challenges this type of modeling faces

Carbenic nitrile imines: Properties and reactivity

Structures and properties of nitrile imines were investigated computationally at B3LYP and CCSD(T) levels. Whereas NBO analysis at the B3LYP DFT level invariably predicts a propargylic electronic structure, CCSD(T) calculations permit a clear distinction between propargylic, allenic, and carbenic structures. Nitrile imines with strong IR absorptions above ca. 2150 cm-1 have propargylic structures with a CN triple bond (RCNNSiMe 3 and R2BCNNBR2), and those with IR absorptions below ca. 2150 cm-1 are allenic (HCNNH, PhCNNH, and HCNNPh). Nitrile imines lacking significant cumulenic IR absorptions at 1900-2200 cm -1 are carbenic (R-(C:)-N=N-R′). Electronegative but lone pair-donating groups NR2, OR, and F stabilize the carbenic form of nitrile imines in the same way they stabilize "normal" singlet carbenes, including N-heterocyclic carbenes. NBO analyses at the CCSD(T) level confirm the classification into propargylic, allenic, and carbenic reactivity types. Carbenic nitrile imines are predicted to form azoketenes 21 with CO, to form [2+2] and [2+4] cycloadducts and borane adducts, and to cyclize to 1H-diazirenes of the type 24 in mildly exothermic reactions with activation energies in the range 29-38 kcal/mol. Such reactions will be readily accessible photochemically and thermally, e.g., under the conditions of matrix photolysis and flash vacuum thermolysis

Structural and functional insights into asymmetric enzymatic dehydration of alkenols

The asymmetric dehydration of alcohols is an important process for the direct synthesis of alkenes. We report the structure and substrate specificity of the bifunctional linalool dehydratase isomerase (LinD) from the bacterium Castellaniella defragrans that catalyzes in nature the hydration of β-myrcene to linalool and the subsequent isomerization to geraniol. Enzymatic kinetic resolutions of truncated and elongated aromatic and aliphatic tertiary alcohols (C5-C15) that contain a specific signature motif demonstrate the broad substrate specificity of LinD. The three-dimensional structure of LinD from Castellaniella defragrans revealed a pentamer with active sites at the protomer interfaces. Furthermore, the structure of LinD in complex with the product geraniol provides initial mechanistic insights into this bifunctional enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed active site amino acid residues essential for its dehydration and isomerization activity. These structural and mechanistic insights facilitate the development of hydrating catalysts, enriching the toolbox for novel bond-forming biocatalysis

Performance evaluation of groundwater management instruments: the case of irrigation sector in Tunisia

Around 27% of aquifers in Tunisia are being overexploited. Groundwater extractions is mainly for the irrigation sector, where more than 40% of the water used for irrigation comes from GW sources. The objective of this study is to critically review and analyze GW management instruments adopted in Tunisia during the last four decades. Evaluation of current instruments was based on a set of criteria (the impact of the instrument on increasing water productivity, reducing aquifer withdrawals, acceptability of the instrument and its implementation cost) assessed through interviews with policy makers and experts, in addition to discussions at farmers' focus groups. Results show that regulatory instruments are widely used but weakly enforced, which can explain their limited impact. To be more effective, economic instruments need a better vertical interplay between different stakeholders. Analysis of stakeholders’ participation shows limited awareness by farmers and a lack of collective actions for GW management at local levels. The alignment of GW policies to other cross-sectorial policies, the enhancement of the vertical interplay between water users’ associations and local and national water administrations, and the horizontal integration of different water users and managers at the local and regional levels, are among the main recommendations of this study

A paradigm shift in point-of-care imaging in low-income and middle-income countries

Summary: The concept of primary healthcare is now regarded as crucial for enhancing access to healthcare services in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Technological advancements that have made many medical imaging devices smaller, lighter, portable and more affordable, and infrastructure advancements in power supply, Internet connectivity, and artificial intelligence, are all increasing the feasibility of POCI (point-of care imaging) in LMICs. Although providing imaging services at the same time as the clinic visit represents a paradigm shift in the way imaging care is typically provided in high-income countries where patients are typically directed to dedicated imaging centres, a POCI model is often the only way to provide timely access to imaging care for many patients in LIMCs. To address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases such as cancer and heart disease, bringing advanced imaging tools to the POCI will be necessary. Strategies tailored to the countries’ specific needs, including training, safety and quality, will be of the utmost importance

[1981 : digital angiography by the intravenous route. 1982 : nuclear magnetic resonance]

International audienc

Anthropometric characteristics of obese subjects with nocturnal oxygen desaturation

International audienc

Atlas iconographique tomodensitométrique des pathologies bénignes de l'amiante [Computed tomographic atlas of benign asbestos related pathology].

The demonstration by computed tomography of abnormalities related to asbestos is essential for the recognition of industrial disease, the compensation of which has considerable economic consequences. The use of compute tomography, the most reliable technique for the detection of pleuro-parenchymatous abnormalities related to asbestos exposure, has increased considerably in France since the publication of the results of a consensus conference in Paris in 1999. Since that time, developments in technology have noticeably modified the protocols of investigation and increased the sensitivity of the detection of pleural and interstitial parenchymatous abnormalities and of nodules. The technical recommendations and those for the interpretation of pleural and parenchymatous abnormalities need to be well known. They are presented in the form of an atlas that gives detailed criteria for asbestosis, pleural plaques and pleural fibrosis. The diagnosis of pleural plaques depends on the combination of clear limits at the pleural and pulmonary interface, typical topography and multiple, bilateral localization. In the context of asbestos exposure the plaques are characteristic of this exposure, unlike diffuse pleural thickening, crow's feet images, parenchymatous bands and entrapped atalectasis. The writing of the radiological report would be most appropriate on this basis