87 research outputs found

    “They” are old but “I” feel younger: Age-group dissociation as a self-protective strategy in old age

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    Age becomes an important self-defining aspect particularly during advanced age. With increasing age, negative attributes related to age and aging become salient. Aging-related declines, losses, as well as the finitude of life seem to threaten older adults' sense of self. We hypothesize that older adults will try to avoid the negative consequences of their age group membership by distancing themselves from their age group. Study 1 (N = 544, 65% women; 18–85 years of age) examined the role of age-group identification for self-conception and self-image (subjective age and future time perspective) across the life span. Results show that weakly identified older adults feel younger than their chronological age and report a more expanded future time perspective relative to their same-age counterparts. A second experiment (N = 68, 69% women; 65–85 years of age) tested the impact of age stereotypes on older adults' level of age-group identification. Results suggest that older adults are more likely to psychologically dissociate themselves from their age group when negative age stereotypes are salient. Discussion focuses on (mal)adaptive consequences of age-group dissociation in later adulthood

    PatientenverfĂŒgungen in Deutschland: empirische Evidenz fĂŒr die Jahre 2005 bis 2007

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    Informationen zur Verbreitung von PatientenverfĂŒgungen in der Gesamtbevölkerung beruhen in Deutschland meist auf nicht-reprĂ€sentativen kleinen klinischen Stichproben und anekdotischer Evidenz. Aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht sind reprĂ€sentative Untersuchungen bedeutsam, die es neben der Deskription erlauben die Bedingungen zu untersuchen, unter denen Menschen, noch ehe sie persönlich betroffen sind, also im prĂ€klinischen Kontext, bereit sind - oder aber fĂŒr sich selbst ablehnen - eine PatientenverfĂŒgung zu hinterlegen. In vier Erhebungen ergeben sich Ă€hnliche GrĂ¶ĂŸenordnungen von rund 10 % (Bereich: 7-14%) der Erwachsenen, die eine PatientenverfĂŒgung hinterlegt haben. Die aktuellste Erhebung ist eine Sondererhebung der LĂ€ngsschnittstudie "Sozio-oekonomisches Panel" (SOEP) bei 1000 Erwachsenen im Jahr 2007. Danach hat nur jeder zehnte Erwachsene eine PatientenverfĂŒgung erstellt. Kompatibel damit ist der Anteil von 7 %, der in dieser Erhebung fĂŒr nahe stehende Verstorbene angegeben wird. In einer SOEP Sondererhebung im Sommer 2006 gaben etwa 11 % von 400 Befragten an, eine PatientenverfĂŒgung erstellt zu haben. In einer Umfrage der Infratest-Finanzforschung im Auftrag der Deutschen Hospizstiftung gaben dies Ende 2005 14 % an. Wir erlĂ€utern, warum dieser Wert vermutlich eine ÜberschĂ€tzung darstellt. Weitere Analysen zeigen die sozialen, biografischen und bildungsbezogenen Bedingungen, die zwischen den Menschen differenzieren, die eine PatientenverfĂŒgung erstellt haben oder aber fĂŒr sich explizit ablehnen, eine PatientenverfĂŒgung zu erstellen. Die Befunde zeigen, dass neben dem Alter und schlechterem Gesundheitsstatus vor allem die persönliche Erfahrungen mit dem Tod von Angehörige begĂŒnstigt, dass eine PatientenverfĂŒgungen erstelltund hinterlegt wurde.

    Erfassung kognitiver Leistungspotentiale Erwachsener im Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP)

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    Im Erhebungsjahr 2006 wurden erstmals in einer Teilstichprobe des SOEP kognitive Kurztests durchgefĂŒhrt. Ziel war es, ein robustes, von geschulten Interviewern leicht zu administrierendes Instrumentarium einzusetzen, das innerhalb weniger Minuten durchfĂŒhrbar ist. AnnĂ€hernd 80 % aller zur DurchfĂŒhrung des Kognitionstests ausgewĂ€hlten Befragungspersonen haben gĂŒltige Angeben gemacht. Somit stehen fĂŒr mehr als 5.500 Personen erstmals neben vielfĂ€ltigen zertifikatsbasierten Bildungsinformationen auch Indikatoren fĂŒr kognitive Potentiale zur VerfĂŒgung. Neben der Dokumentation der Daten werden in diesem Bericht erste Verteilungen der Maße vorgestellt und Selektionsanalysen prĂ€sentiert. Die erste Wiederholungsmessung der Tests ist fĂŒr das Erhebungsjahr 2010 vorgesehen.

    Short assessment of the Big Five: robust across survey methods except telephone interviewing

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    We examined measurement invariance and age-related robustness of a short 15-item Big Five Inventory (BFI–S) of personality dimensions, which is well suited for applications in large-scale multidisciplinary surveys. The BFI–S was assessed in three different interviewing conditions: computer-assisted or paper-assisted face-to-face interviewing, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, and a self-administered questionnaire. Randomized probability samples from a large-scale German panel survey and a related probability telephone study were used in order to test method effects on self-report measures of personality characteristics across early, middle, and late adulthood. Exploratory structural equation modeling was used in order to test for measurement invariance of the five-factor model of personality trait domains across different assessment methods. For the short inventory, findings suggest strong robustness of self-report measures of personality dimensions among young and middle-aged adults. In old age, telephone interviewing was associated with greater distortions in reliable personality assessment. It is concluded that the greater mental workload of telephone interviewing limits the reliability of self-report personality assessment. Face-to-face surveys and self-administrated questionnaire completion are clearly better suited than phone surveys when personality traits in age-heterogeneous samples are assessed

    Introduction to the Special Issue on “Aging and Migration in Europe”

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    Aging and migration have become key issues in many European societies today, as an unprecedented number of first-generation immigrants of the big immigration waves of the 1960s and 1970s are currently approaching retirement age. This special issue on aging and migration serves to raise the awareness on this important topic in modern societies. It brings together researchers in aging and migration from four different European countries characterized by a large share of immigrants in their population, namely, the UK, Estonia, Denmark, and Luxembourg

    Altern als Zukunft – eine Studie der VolkswagenStiftung

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    Deutschland altert – aber was heißt das? Ist das schlimm? Und kann eine Gesellschaft ĂŒberhaupt als Ganzes altern? In einer ZusammenfĂŒhrung von psychologischen, gerontologischen und soziologischen Erkenntnissen eröffnet dieses Open Access Buch einen bislang einzigartigen, vielseitigen und realistischen Blick auf das PhĂ€nomen des Alters und den Prozess des Alterns. Schwerpunkte des Projekts Altern als Zukunft waren Forschungen zu Altersbildern, zur Vorsorge fĂŒr das Alter sowie zum Zeithandeln im Alter. Über ein Jahrzehnt lang fĂŒhrten die Autoren hierzu quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen in drei Kontinenten durch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vereinseitigende Sichtweisen auf das Alter – seien es negative Stereotypen oder positive Überhöhungen – der KomplexitĂ€t von Alternserfahrungen nicht gerecht werden. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die sich fĂŒr das Altern interessieren: wissenschaftlich, gesellschaftspolitisch, praktisch und persönlich. Ob alt oder jung, das Buch regt dazu an, eigene Sichtweisen zu hinterfragen. Eines wird deutlich: das ‚eine‘ Alter gibt es nicht – und Altern ist unsere Zukunft. Altern als Zukunft plĂ€diert fĂŒr die individuelle wie gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz der sozialen Tatsache des Alterns – und fĂŒr das Recht, im höheren Alter genauso selbstbestimmt leben zu können wie in anderen Altersphasen auch

    The two faces of age identity

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    As people grow older they develop a sense of a dual age identity, referring to their age group and generation (Weiss & Lang, 2009). Two studies (N₁ = 37, 60–85 years and N₂ = 104, 65–88 years of age) compared and contrasted older adults’ cognitive representations of two types of age cohort groups (age group vs. generation). Analyses reveal that age-group identity was more frequently associated with loss and decline, whereas generation identity was more frequently associated with positive characteristics and increased levels of agency. Findings also show that generation identity may—especially in later adulthood—serve as a means to compensate for loss. The self-protective function of the dual age identity and the dynamic and flexible nature of identification are further discussed

    Managing Age-Related Hearing Loss: How to Use Hearing Aids Efficiently – A Mini-Review

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    Using hearing aids may contribute to better functioning in the everyday lives of hearing-impaired older individuals. We introduce an integrative concept for the efficient use of hearing aids that involves both satisfaction with, and behaviour towards, hearing aids. We review theoretical and empirical work on the predictors of the efficient use of hearing aids in everyday life. Furthermore, we contend that the use of hearing aids requires improved understanding of the variability of hearing demands within specific contexts of everyday life (e.g. conversation with family members, listening to music). The efficiency of hearing aid use thus depends on the fit of situational demands, personal resources, and the specific configuration of the hearing aid device. We propose an integrative person-environment-fit model that advances concepts of selection, optimisation, and compensation to hearing aid efficiency. We discuss the implications of this model for research and for practitioners in the field of gerontology

    Hearing Aid Use in Everyday Life: Managing Contextual Variability

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    Background and Objective: We investigated usage of and satisfaction with hearing aid devices in everyday life among older adults with hearing loss. Our research further advances the role of hearing contexts for hearing aid use and satisfaction. A central assumption was that hearing aid owners adapt the usage of the hearing aid devices to contextual demands of hearing depending on their personal resources. Methods: In a sample of 158 hearing aid owners aged 50-88 years, we examined proactive hearing aid use in everyday life and its association with the usage of, and satisfaction with, hearing aids. The study was administered online. Using an adapted version of the day-reconstruction method, participants reported hearing episodes during the preceding day. Hearing aid use was assessed via the proportion of waking time with hearing aids. Satisfaction with hearing aids was measured via the Satisfaction with Daily Amplification scale. Results: When using the hearing aids more often, and when reporting greater satisfaction, older adults indicated more diverse listening situations and experienced less variability in hearing quality with hearing aids. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that hearing aid owners may proactively use the hearing devices to master situation-specific demands and difficulties in hearing quality. Such findings underline that hearing aid use and satisfaction depend on the extent to which the devices help to manage everyday life successfully
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