1,982 research outputs found
The Pfaffian solution of a dimer-monomer problem: Single monomer on the boundary
We consider the dimer-monomer problem for the rectangular lattice. By mapping
the problem into one of close-packed dimers on an extended lattice, we rederive
the Tzeng-Wu solution for a single monomer on the boundary by evaluating a
Pfaffian. We also clarify the mathematical content of the Tzeng-Wu solution by
identifying it as the product of the nonzero eigenvalues of the Kasteleyn
matrix.Comment: 4 Pages to appear in the Physical Review E (2006
Theory of impedance networks: The two-point impedance and LC resonances
We present a formulation of the determination of the impedance between any
two nodes in an impedance network. An impedance network is described by its
Laplacian matrix L which has generally complex matrix elements. We show that by
solving the equation L u_a = lambda_a u_a^* with orthonormal vectors u_a, the
effective impedance between nodes p and q of the network is Z = Sum_a [u_{a,p}
- u_{a,q}]^2/lambda_a where the summation is over all lambda_a not identically
equal to zero and u_{a,p} is the p-th component of u_a. For networks consisting
of inductances (L) and capacitances (C), the formulation leads to the
occurrence of resonances at frequencies associated with the vanishing of
lambda_a. This curious result suggests the possibility of practical
applications to resonant circuits. Our formulation is illustrated by explicit
examples.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures; v4: typesetting corrected; v5: Eq. (63)
correcte
Alternating linear-chain antiferromagnetism in copper nitrate Cu(NO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e.2.5 H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO
Current interest in the behavior of Heisenberg alternating antiferromagnetic quantum chains has been stimulated by the discovery of an unusual class of magnetoelastic spin-Peierls systems. Copper nitrate, Cu(NO3)2.2.5 H2O, does not display a spin-Peierls transition, but its dominant magnetic behavior is that of a strongly alternating antiferromagnetic chain with temperature-independent alternation. A remarkable, simultaneous fit is demonstrated between theoretical studies and a wide variety of zero- (low-) field experimental measurements, including susceptibility, magnetization, and specific heat. The fitting parameters are α(degree of alternation) = 0.27, J1/k=2.58 K, gb=2.31, and g⊥=2.11. Slight systematic discrepancies are attributed to weak interchain coupling. Theoretical studies also predict a rich variety of behavior in high fields, particularly in the region involving the lower and upper critical fields, Hc1 = 28 kOe and Hc2 = 44 kOe. Experimental specific-heat measurements at H = 28.2 and 35.7 kOe show quantitative agreement with theory in this interesting parameter region. The fitting parameters are the same as for zero field and, again, small discrepancies between theory and experiment may be attributed to interchain coupling. The exceptional magnetic characterization of copper nitrate suggests its use for further experimental study in the vicinity of the high-field ordering region
Comparing the implementation of team approaches for improving diabetes care in community health centers
Background: Patient panel management and community-based care management may be viable strategies for community health centers to improve the quality of diabetes care for vulnerable patient populations. The objective of our study was to clarify implementation processes and experiences of integrating office-based medical assistant (MA) panel management and community health worker (CHW) community-based management into routine care for diabetic patients. Methods: Mixed methods study with interviews and surveys of clinicians and staff participating in a study comparing the effectiveness of MA and CHW health coaching for improving diabetes care. Participants included 24 key informants in five role categories and 249 clinicians and staff survey respondents from 14 participating practices. We conducted thematic analyses of key informant interview transcripts to clarify implementation processes and describe barriers to integrating the new roles into practice. We surveyed clinicians and staff to assess differences in practice culture among intervention and control groups. We triangulated findings to identify concordant and disparate results across data sources. Results: Implementation processes and experiences varied considerably among the practices implementing CHW and MA team-based approaches, resulting in differences in the organization of health coaching and self-management support activities. Importantly, CHW and MA responsibilities converged over time to focus on health coaching of diabetic patients. MA health coaches experienced difficulty in allocating dedicated time due to other MA responsibilities that often crowded out time for diabetic patient health coaching. Time constraints also limited the personal introduction of patients to health coaches by clinicians. Participants highlighted the importance of a supportive team climate and proactive leadership as important enablers for MAs and CHWs to implement their health coaching responsibilities and also promoted professional growth. Conclusion: Implementation of team-based strategies to improve diabetes care for vulnerable populations was diverse, however all practices converged in their foci on health coaching roles of CHWs and MAs. Our study suggests that a flexible approach to implementing health coaching is more important than fidelity to rigid models that do not allow for variable allocation of responsibilities across team members. Clinicians play an instrumental role in supporting health coaches to grow into their new patient care responsibilities
Quantum Kinks: Solitons at Strong Coupling
We examine solitons in theories with heavy fermions. These ``quantum''
solitons differ dramatically from semi-classical (perturbative) solitons
because fermion loop effects are important when the Yukawa coupling is strong.
We focus on kinks in a --dimensional theory coupled to
fermions; a large- expansion is employed to treat the Yukawa coupling
nonperturbatively. A local expression for the fermion vacuum energy is derived
using the WKB approximation for the Dirac eigenvalues. We find that fermion
loop corrections increase the energy of the kink and (for large ) decrease
its size. For large , the energy of the quantum kink is proportional to ,
and its size scales as , unlike the classical kink; we argue that these
features are generic to quantum solitons in theories with strong Yukawa
couplings. We also discuss the possible instability of fermions to solitons.Comment: 21 pp. + 2 figs., phyzzx, JHU-TIPAC-92001
Modification of radiation pressure due to cooperative scattering of light
Cooperative spontaneous emission of a single photon from a cloud of N atoms
modifies substantially the radiation pressure exerted by a far-detuned laser
beam exciting the atoms. On one hand, the force induced by photon absorption
depends on the collective decay rate of the excited atomic state. On the other
hand, directional spontaneous emission counteracts the recoil induced by the
absorption. We derive an analytical expression for the radiation pressure in
steady-state. For a smooth extended atomic distribution we show that the
radiation pressure depends on the atom number via cooperative scattering and
that, for certain atom numbers, it can be suppressed or enhanced.Comment: 8 pages, 2 Figure
Non-interacting Cooper pairs inside a pseudogap
I present a simple analytical model describing the normal state of a
superconductor with a pseudogap in the density of states, such as in underdoped
cuprates. In nearly two-dimensional systems, where the superconducting
transition temperature is reduced from the mean-field BCS value, Cooper pairs
may be present as slow fluctuations of the BCS pairing field. Using the
self-consistent T-matrix (fluctuation exchange) approach I find that the
fermion spectral weight exhibits two BCS-like peaks, broadened by fluctuations
of the pairing field amplitude. The density of states becomes suppressed near
the Fermi energy, which allows for long-lived low-energy Cooper pairs that
propagate as a sound-like mode with a mass. A self-consistency requirement,
linking the width of the pseudogap to the intensity of the pairing field,
determines the pair condensation temperature. In nearly two-dimensional
systems, it is proportional to the degeneracy temperature of the fermions, with
a small prefactor that vanishes in two dimensions.Comment: LaTeX (prbbib.sty included), 24 pages, 4 PostScript figures To appear
in Phys.Rev.
The Well-Defined Phase of Simplicial Quantum Gravity in Four Dimensions
We analyze simplicial quantum gravity in four dimensions using the Regge
approach. The existence of an entropy dominated phase with small negative
curvature is investigated in detail. It turns out that observables of the
system possess finite expectation values although the Einstein-Hilbert action
is unbounded. This well-defined phase is found to be stable for a one-parameter
family of measures. A preliminary study indicates that the influence of the
lattice size on the average curvature is small. We compare our results with
those obtained by dynamical triangulation and find qualitative correspondence.Comment: 29 pages, uuencoded postscript file; to appear in Phys. Rev.
Flux tube dynamics in the dual superconductor
We study plasma oscillations in a flux tube of the dual superconductor model
of 't Hooft and Mandelstam. A magnetic condensate is coupled to an
electromagnetic field by its dual vector potential, and fixed electric charges
set up a flux tube. An electrically charged fluid (a quark plasma) flows in the
tube and screens the fixed charges via plasma oscillations. We investigate both
Type I and Type II superconductors, with plasma frequencies both above and
below the threshold for radiation into the Higgs vacuum. We find strong
radiation of electric flux into the superconductor in all regimes, and argue
that this invalidates the use of the simplest dual superconductor model for
dynamical problems.Comment: 25 pages Revtex with 11 EPS figure
In-medium Yang-Mills equations: a derivation and canonical quantization
The equations for Yang-Mills field in a medium are derived in a linear
approximation with respect to the gauge coupling parameter and the external
field. The obtained equations closely resemble the macroscopic Maxwell
equations. A canonical quantization is performed for a family of Fermi-like
gauges in the case of constant and diagonal (in the group indices) tensors of
electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. The physical subspace is
defined and the gauge field propagator is evaluated for a particular choice of
the gauge. The propagator is applied for evaluation of the cross-section of
ellastic quark scattering in the Born approximation. Possible applications to
Cherenkov-type gluon radiation are commented briefly.Comment: 27 pages, references added, version extended with emphasis on
non-Abelian gauge group impact on medium characteristics. To appear in J.
Phys.
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