248 research outputs found

    The Ranking of Economists and Management Scientists in Europe

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    Cet article présente une analyse statistique de la position des économistes français et des spécialistes français des sciences de gestion parmi les chercheurs européens de haut rang. La preuve empirique révèle que la France ne développe pas fortement ses ressources humaines sur la scène internationale. La position de la France en Europe, repérée par les citations (pour les économistes) et les nominations par les pairs (pour les spécialistes des sciences de gestion) des chercheurs de haut rang et normalisée par la taille de la population, est seulement au neuvième rang en ce qui concerne les sciences économiques et au huitième rang pour les sciences de gestion. Cela laisse penser que la politique scientifique a encore beaucoup à faire pour améliorer la situation.This note provides a statistical analysis of the position of French economists and French management scientists among the leading European scholars. The evidence shows that France does not strongly develop its human resources in the international setting. Frances position in Europe based on citations (for economists) and peer nominations (for management scientists) of the leading scholars normalized by the size of the population is only rank 9 with respect to economics, and rank 8 with respect to management science. This suggests that there is considerable scope for science policy to improve this situatio

    MAMBA: A Measurement Architecture for Model-Based Analysis

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    Model-based measurement techniques are relevant in the field of software analysis. Several meta models for the specification of quantitative measures have been proposed. However, they often focus either on static or dynamic aspects of a software system. Nevertheless, considering reengineering activities often both dimensions reveal valuable complementary insights. Existing meta models are also frequently bound to specific modeling languages, redefine underlying concepts for any new meta model, or provide only limited tool support for the automated computation of measurements from modeled measures. We present MAMBA, an integrated measurement architecture for model-based analysis---both static and dynamic---of software systems, that can be specified by arbitrary Ecore-based modeling languages. MAMBA extends the Structured Metrics Meta-Model (SMM) by additional modeling features, such as arbitrary statistical aggregate functions and periodic aggregate functions, e.g., for dynamic analysis at runtime. To consider measurements for querying system models, we outline the MAMBA Query Language (MQL) that employs SMM measures. Furthermore, we provide tool support that applies the measures specified in an (extended) SMM model and can integrate raw measurements provided by arbitrary static and dynamic analysis tools to produce the desired measurement model. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach based on three evaluation scenarios from different contexts: migration of software systems into the cloud, model-based engineering of railway control systems, and dynamic analysis for model-driven software modernization

    Spatially resolved observations of a split-band coronal type-II radio burst

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    Context. The origin of coronal type-II radio bursts and of their band-splitting are still not fully understood. Aims. To make progress in solving this problem on the basis of one extremely well observed solar eruptive event. Methods. The relative dynamics of multi-thermal eruptive plasmas, observed in detail by the SDO/AIA and of the harmonic type-II burst sources, observed by the NRH at ten frequencies from 445 to 151 MHz, is studied for the partially behind the limb event on 3 November 2010. Special attention is given to the band-splitting of the burst. Analysis is supplemented by investigation of coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources observed by the RHESSI. Results. It is found that the flare impulsive phase was accompanied by the formation of a double coronal HXR source, whose upper part coincided with the hot (T~10 MK) eruptive plasma blob. The leading edge (LE) of the eruptive plasmas (T~1-2 MK) moved upward from the flare region with the speed of v=900-1400 km/s. The type II burst source initially appeared just above the LE apex and moved with the same speed and in the same direction. After about 20 s it started to move about twice faster, but still in the same direction. At any given moment the low frequency component (LFC) source of the splitted type-II burst was situated above the high frequency component (HFC) source, which in turn was situated above the LE. It is also found that at a given frequency the HFC source was located slightly closer to the photosphere than the LFC source. Conclusions. The shock wave, which could be responsible for the observed type-II radio burst, was initially driven by the multi-temperature eruptive plasmas, but later transformed to a freely propagating blast shock wave. The most preferable interpretation of the type-II burst splitting is that its LFC was emitted from the upstream region of the shock, whereas the HFC - from the downstream region.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
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