Keith, Thomas & Umland, Andreas (Hrsg.). (2006). Geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Hochschullehre in Osteuropa II. Deutsche und österreichische Impressionen zur Germanistik und Geschichtswissenschaft nach 1990. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 182 S., 36,80 €. [Rezension]

Rezension zu: Keith, Thomas & Umland, Andreas (Hrsg.). (2006). Geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Hochschullehre in Osteuropa II. Deutsche und österreichische Impressionen zur Germanistik und Geschichtswissenschaft nach 1990

Transformer-Based Patent Novelty Search by Training Claims to Their Own Description

In this paper we present a method to concatenate patent claims to their own description. By applying this method, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) train suitable descriptions for claims. Such a trained BERT could be able to identify novelty relevant descriptions for patents. In addition, we introduce a new scoring scheme: relevance score or novelty score to interprete the output of BERT. We test the method on patent applications by training BERT on the first claims of patents and corresponding descriptions. The output is processed according to the relevance score and the results compared with the cited X documents in the search reports. The test shows that BERT score some of the cited X documents as highly relevant

Classification of cyber attacks on IoT and ubiquitous computing devices

As the Internet of Things (IoT) has become truly ubiquitous, so has the surrounding threat landscape. However, while the security of classical computing systems has significantly matured in the last decades, IoT cybersecurity is still typically low or fully neglected. This paper provides a classification of IoT malware. Major targets and used exploits for attacks are identified and referred to the specific malware. The lack of standard definitions of IoT devices and, therefore, security goals has been identified during this research as a profound barrier in advancing IoT cybersecurity. Furthermore, standardized reporting of IoT malware by trustworthy sources is required in the field. The majority of current IoT attacks continue to be of comparably low effort and level of sophistication and could be mitigated by existing technical measures

Das fremde Wort als Übersetzungsproblem (am Beispiel russischer Kafka-Übersetzungen)

Am Beispiel russischer Übersetzungen der Erzählprosa Kafkas wird folgendes Phänomen diskutiert: In der deutschen „Erlebten Rede“ (ER) werden die Tempora des Verbs normalerweise um eine Stufe in die Vergangenheit versetzt („transponiert“), in der russischen „Nesobstvenno-Prjamaja Reč“ (NPR) normalerweise nicht. Und auch bei der Übersetzung von deutscher erlebter Rede ins Russische werden meist die Tempora der direkten Rede bevorzugt. Der Übersetzungswissenschaftler oder -kritiker, dem diese Verschiebung auffällt, hat sich dazu zwei Fragen zu stellen: 1. Ist die unterschiedliche Verwendung der Tempora bei dieser spezifischen Art der Wiedergabe fremder Rede eine reine „Formalität“ oder ergeben sich dadurch auch inhaltliche Unterschiede, m.a.W.: Ist der unterschiedliche Tempusgebrauch für die Übersetzungskritik und für die Besprechung der Übersetzung eines bestimmten konkreten Textes - hier das Werk Kafkas - überhaupt relevant? 2. Wenn ja, warum führen russische Übersetzer diesen Unterschied herbei oder nehmen ihn in Kauf? Handelt es sich um eine gezielte Anpassung an zielsprachliche Konventionen oder stehen sprachtypologische Unterschiede dahinter, die den Übersetzern keine Wahl lassen

Introducing DynaPTI–constructing a dynamic patent technology indicator using text mining and machine learning

Patent data is an established source of information for both scientific research and corporate intelligence. Yet, most patent-based technology indicators fail to consider firm-level dynamics regarding their technological quality and technological activity. Accordingly, these indicators are unlikely to deliver an unbiased view on the current state of firm-level innovation and are thus incomplete tools for researchers and corporate intelligence practitioners. In this paper, we develop DynaPTI, an indicator that tackles this particular shortcoming of existing patent-based measures. Our proposed framework extends the literature by incorporating a dynamic component and is built upon an index-based comparison of firms. Furthermore, we use machine-learning techniques to enrich our indicator with textual information from patent texts. Together, these features allow our proposed framework to provide precise and up-to-date assessments about firm-level innovation activities. To present an exemplary implementation of the framework, we provide an empirical application to companies from the wind energy sector and compare our results to alternatives. Our corresponding findings suggest that our approach can generate valuable insights that are complementary to existing approaches, particularly regarding the identification of recently emerging, innovation-overperformers in a particular technological field

A linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach to optimization of thermoelectric devices

Improvement of thermoelectric systems in terms of performance and range of applications relies on progress in materials science and optimization of device operation. In this chapter, we focuse on optimization by taking into account the interaction of the system with its environment. For this purpose, we consider the illustrative case of a thermoelectric generator coupled to two temperature baths via heat exchangers characterized by a thermal resistance, and we analyze its working conditions. Our main message is that both electrical and thermal impedance matching conditions must be met for optimal device performance. Our analysis is fundamentally based on linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics using the force-flux formalism. An outlook on mesoscopic systems is also given.Comment: Chapter 14 in "Thermoelectric Nanomaterials", Editors Kunihito Koumoto and Takao Mori, Springer Series in Materials Science Volume 182 (2013