Економічний менеджмент підприємства і суспільний інноваційний розвиток в умовах ризиків

The knowledge of surface electromyography (SEMG) and the number of applications have increased considerably during the past ten years. However, most methodological developments have taken place locally, resulting in different methodologies among the different groups of users. A specific objective of the European concerted action SENIAM (surface EMG for a non-invasive assessment of muscles) was, besides creating more collaboration among the various European groups, to develop recommendations on sensors, sensor placement, signal processing and modeling. This paper will present the process and the results of the development of the recommendations for the SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Execution of the SENIAM sensor tasks, in the period 1996–1999, has been handled in a number of partly parallel and partly sequential activities. A literature scan was carried out on the use of sensors and sensor placement procedures in European laboratories. In total, 144 peer-reviewed papers were scanned on the applied SEMG sensor properties and sensor placement procedures. This showed a large variability of methodology as well as a rather insufficient description. A special workshop provided an overview on the scientific and clinical knowledge of the effects of sensor properties and sensor placement procedures on the SEMG characteristics. Based on the inventory, the results of the topical workshop and generally accepted state-of-the-art knowledge, a first proposal for sensors and sensor placement procedures was defined. Besides containing a general procedure and recommendations for sensor placement, this was worked out in detail for 27 different muscles. This proposal was evaluated in several European laboratories with respect to technical and practical aspects and also sent to all members of the SENIAM club (>100 members) together with a questionnaire to obtain their comments. Based on this evaluation the final recommendations of SENIAM were made and published (SENIAM 8: European recommendations for surface electromyography, 1999), both as a booklet and as a CD-ROM. In this way a common body of knowledge has been created on SEMG sensors and sensor placement properties as well as practical guidelines for the proper use of SEMG

Neue Informationstechnologien und flexible Arbeitszeitsysteme : die Panelstudie zur technischen, betrieblichen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Entwicklung beim Einsatz flexibler Arbeitssysteme in der gewerblichen Wirtschaft des SFB 187 (NIFA-Panel)

"Der Beitrag beschreibt die inhaltlichen und methodischen Grundlagen des Betriebspanels des Bochumer Sonderforschungsbereichs 187. Übergeordnetes Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, auf der Basis repräsentativer Daten die Bestimmung zentraler technischer und arbeitsorganisatorischer Entwicklungslinien im deutschen Maschinenbau unter besonderer Berücksichtigung flexibler Fertigungsstrukturen zu analysieren. Diese Aufgabenstellung ergibt sich aus den Zielen des SFB 187 - der Entwicklung eines dezentralen technisch-arbeitsorganisatorischen Modells der rechnerintegrierten Produktion - und der Funktion des Projektes als zentraler Informationsquelle für alle Teilprojekte des Sonderforschungsbereichs. Das NIFA-Panel ist konzipiert für fünf Befragungswellen mit einem jährlichen Abstand. Befragt werden in einer schriftlichen Totalerhebung die Betriebe des bundeseutschen Maschinenbaus mit mehr als 20 Mitarbeitern. Die Befragung wird in zwei Teilen durchgeführt, wobei bei der z.T. abgeschlossenen Feldphase des ersten Teils eine Rücklaufquote von 43,8% erreicht wurde. Die vollständige erste Welle des NIFA-Panels wird Ende 1991 abgeschlossen sein." (Autorenreferat)Panel - Konzeption, flexibles Fertigungssystem, Arbeitsorganisation, Erhebungsmethode

Economics of Youth Mental Health:essays on Juvenile Delinquency, Education and Policy

Mental health problems largely originate during youth and affect one out of five individuals worldwide. The corresponding individual disease burden lead to significant societal costs, as youth mental health problems have a long-lasting impact over the life-cycle. Through an economic lens youth mental health can be seen as a pivotal element of human capital, associated with educational progress and labour market participation, required to produce economic value. Despite the relevance of youth mental health from both a health and economic perspective, there is still an imperative need for research to reduce the burden of mental health for future generations. In this thesis we have focused on one piece of the puzzle, i.e. the lack of data-driven evaluation strategies to identify (cost-)effective youth mental health interventions. One of the challenges is the fact that in many cases, experiments (i.e., randomized controlled trials) remain difficult or impossible to implement, for financial, political, or ethical reasons, or because the population of interest is too small. Therefore, I demonstrate in this thesis that observational data could be used to provide crucial insights for clinical and policy decision-making in order to make more optimal budget allocations. We were able to identify the role of policies in youth mental health trajectories (chapter 2), the effect of mental health interventions on societal outcomes (chapter 3), the relationship between monitoring compliance to compulsory education and student’s test scores (chapter 4), and the long-run return to government expenditures in special education (chapter 5)

Nature 2000 in Nederland : juridische ruimte, natuurdoelen en beheersplanprocessen

De Natura 2000-gebieden in Nederland bevatten natuur van Europese betekenis, met een groot aantal Europees beschermde soorten en habitats. De zogenoemde staat van instandhouding van veel van deze soorten en habitats is echter ongunstig en Nederland heeft de plicht die te verbeteren. Het beschermingsregime in en rond de Natura 2000-gebieden brengt activiteiten als landbouw, recreatie en wonen regelmatig in conflict met de te beschermen natuurwaarden. Onzekerheid over de verplichtingen in en rond de Natura 2000-gebieden voedt de maatschappelijke weerstand tegen het beschermingsregime

Apostrophe, witnessing and its essentially theatrical modes of address: Maria Dermôut on Pattimura and Kara Walker on the New Orleans flooding

Apostrophe is best known as a punctuation mark (') or as a key poetic figure (with a speaker addressing an imaginary or absent person or entity). In origin, however, it is a pivotal rhetorical figure that indicates a 'breaking away' or turning away of the speaker from one addressee to another, in a different mode. In this respect, apostrophe is essentially theatrical. To be sure, the turn away implies two different modes of address that may follow upon one another, as is hinted at by the two meanings of the verb 'to witness': being a witness and bearing witness. One cannot do both at the same time. My argument will be, however, that in order to make witnessing work ethically and responsibly, the two modes of address must take place simultaneously, in the coincidence of two modalities of presence: one actual and one virtual. Accordingly, I will distinguish between an address of attention and an address of expression. Whereas the witness is actually paying attention to that which she witnesses, she is virtually (and in the sense Deleuze intended, no less really) turning away in terms of expression. The two come together in what Kelly Oliver called the 'inner witness'. The simultaneous operation of two modes of address suggests that Caroline Nevejan's so-called YUTPA model would have to include two modalities of 'you'. Such a dual modality has become all the more important, in the context of the society of the spectacle. One text will help me first to explore two modes of address through apostrophe. I will focus on a story by Dutch author Maria Dermôut, written in the fifties of the twentieth century, reflecting on an uprising and the subsequent execution of its leader in the Dutch Indies in 1817. Secondly, I will move to American artist Kara Walker's response, in the shape of an installation and a visual essay, to the flooding of New Orleans in 2005. The latter will serve to illustrate a historic shift in the theatrical nature and status of 'presence' in the two modes of address. Instead of thinking of the convergence of media, of which Jenkins speaks, we might think of media swallowing up one another. For instance, the theatrical structure of apostrophe is swallowed up, and in a sense perverted, by the model of the spectacle in modern media. This endangers the very possibility of witnessing in any ethical sense of the word