\u3ci\u3eCapturing Quarantine: Student Pandemic Experience\u3c/i\u3e Journal

Journal entries submitted by the Public History 2021 summer session class at Columbia College Chicago reflecting on aspects of the global pandemic from the student perspective commenting on their personal pandemic timeline and the other is an essay about what each student learned so far from the pandemic. NOTE: essay links to original music created by the student author and composer.https://digitalcommons.colum.edu/journals/1047/thumbnail.jp

Quantum Finance

Quantum theory is used to model secondary financial markets. Contrary to stochastic descriptions, the formalism emphasizes the importance of trading in determining the value of a security. All possible realizations of investors holding securities and cash is taken as the basis of the Hilbert space of market states. The temporal evolution of an isolated market is unitary in this space. Linear operators representing basic financial transactions such as cash transfer and the buying or selling of securities are constructed and simple model Hamiltonians that generate the temporal evolution due to cash flows and the trading of securities are proposed. The Hamiltonian describing financial transactions becomes local when the profit/loss from trading is small compared to the turnover. This approximation may describe a highly liquid and efficient stock market. The lognormal probability distribution for the price of a stock with a variance that is proportional to the elapsed time is reproduced for an equilibrium market. The asymptotic volatility of a stock in this case is related to the long-term probability that it is traded.Comment: Improved 32 page version that is to appear in Physica A. One appendix scrapped, typos corrected, section on conditions for efficient markets extended. References adde

Ab-initio-Berechnung von Transporteigenschaften von warmer dichter Materie

Diese kumulative Habilitationsschrift berichtet über aktuelle Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Berechnung von Transporteigenschaften von warmer dichter Materie mithilfe von Dichtefunktionaltheorie und Molekulardynamiksimulationen. Nach einer Einführung in das Forschungsthema werden zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen einschließlich der Linearen Response-Theorie vorgestellt. Im Anschluss werden die entsprechenden Beiträge von Elektronen und Ionen zur elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Viskosität anhand von verschiedenen Beispielmaterialien ausgewertet und diskutiert.This cumulative habilitation thesis reports on recent advances in the field of calculating transport properties of warm dense matter with density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Following an introduction into the research topic, the theoretical basics, including linear response theory, are presented. Then respective contributions of electrons and ions to the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of several example materials are evaluated and discussed

Development of the WRF-CO2 4D-Var assimilation system v1.0

Regional atmospheric CO2 inversions commonly use Lagrangian particle trajectory model simulations to calculate the required influence function, which quantifies the sensitivity of a receptor to flux sources. In this paper, an adjoint-based four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation system, WRF-CO2 4D-Var, is developed to provide an alternative approach. This system is developed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system, including the system coupled to chemistry (WRF-Chem), with tangent linear and adjoint codes (WRFPLUS), and with data assimilation (WRFDA), all in version 3.6. In WRF-CO2 4D-Var, CO2 is modeled as a tracer and its feedback to meteorology is ignored. This configuration allows most WRF physical parameterizations to be used in the assimilation system without incurring a large amount of code development. WRF-CO2 4D-Var solves for the optimized CO2 flux scaling factors in a Bayesian framework. Two variational optimization schemes are implemented for the system: the first uses the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) minimization algorithm (L-BFGS-B) and the second uses the Lanczos conjugate gradient (CG) in an incremental approach. WRFPLUS forward, tangent linear, and adjoint models are modified to include the physical and dynamical processes involved in the atmospheric transport of CO2. The system is tested by simulations over a domain covering the continental United States at 48 km × 48 km grid spacing. The accuracy of the tangent linear and adjoint models is assessed by comparing against finite difference sensitivity. The system\u27s effectiveness for CO2 inverse modeling is tested using pseudo-observation data. The results of the sensitivity and inverse modeling tests demonstrate the potential usefulness of WRF-CO2 4D-Var for regional CO2 inversions

Mörtnäsvägen 3 – Konvertering av laboratorie- och kontorsbyggnad till bostäder

Detta diplomarbete behandlar en fiktiv konvertering av laboratorie- och kontorsbyggnaden på Mörtnäsvägen 3 på Drumsö i Helsingfors till bostäder. Målet är att skapa nya, ljusa och effektivt planerade bostäder på tomten. De existerande byggnaderna är konstruerade huvudsakligen i fyra olika skeden under en 30 år lång tidsperiod där den första byggnaden stod klar 1955. För att komma fram till de bästa lösningarna för de nya bostäderna analyseras planeringsområdet grundlig, bland annat genom att kolla hur Helsingfors stads kommande generalplan kommer att påverka planeringsområdet. På Drumsö finns det även flera exempel på kontors- och industribyggnader som konverterats till bostäder. Av dessa har byggnaderna på Hallonnässtranden 4, Österviksgatan 2, Bertasvägen 6 och Heikasvägen 6 granskats noggrannare för att undersöka hurdana lösningar som använts tidigare på Drumsö. Analysen resulterar i tre olika konceptlösningar för hur bostäder kunde passa in i de existerande stommarna. Koncept ett och tre innehåller normala lägenheter där skillnaden är hur den existerande byggnadsmassan har utnyttjats. Koncept två konverterar byggnaderna till 122 studentbostäder. Fördelarna av de tre koncepten resulterar sedan i det slutliga förslaget som kombinerar de bästa egenskaperna i de tre koncepten. Det slutliga konceptet består av en helhet med byggnadsrätt på 6757,5 m2. Lösningen baserar sig på att byggnaderna från 1978 och 1985 rivs helt och ersätts med en ny byggnad på den östra kanten av tomten. Tillsammans med byggnaderna från 1955 och 1964 bildar den en U-formad byggnadsmassa som öppnar sig mot Mörtnäsparken på södra sidan av tomten

The Effect of the Affordable Care Act on the Labor Supply, Savings, and Social Security of Older Americans

Affordable Care Act, labor supply, retirement model, insurance ratesSocial Security Administration, R-UM15-11, 5 RRC08098401-07http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136057/1/wp354.pdfDescription of wp354.pdf : Working pape

Adsorption of hydrogen sulphide over rhodium/silica and rhodium/alumina at 293 and 873 K, with co-adsorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen

In this study, we have examined the adsorption of hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide over rhodium/silica and rhodium/alumina catalysts. Adsorption of hydrogen sulphide was measured at 293 and 873 K and at 873 K in a 1:1 ratio with hydrogen. At 293 K, over Rh/silica, hydrogen sulphide adsorption capacity was similar to that of carbon monoxide; however, over Rh/alumina, the carbon monoxide adsorption capacity was higher, probably due to the formation of RhI(CO)2. Over Rh/silica, the primary adsorbed state was HS(ads), in contrast to Rh/alumina, where the H2:S ratio was 1:1 indicating that the adsorbed state was S(ads). Competitive adsorption between CO and H2S over Rh/silica and Rh/alumina revealed adsorption sites on the metal that only adsorbed carbon monoxide, only adsorbed hydrogen sulphide or could adsorb both species. At 873 K, hydrogen sulphide adsorption produced the bulk sulphide Rh2S3; however, when a 1:1 H2:H2S mixture was used formation of the bulk sulphide was inhibited and a reduced amount of hydrogen sulphide was adsorbed

Electronic transport coefficients from ab initio simulations and application to dense liquid hydrogen

Using Kubo's linear response theory, we derive expressions for the frequency-dependent electrical conductivity (Kubo-Greenwood formula), thermopower, and thermal conductivity in a strongly correlated electron system. These are evaluated within ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in order to study the thermoelectric transport coefficients in dense liquid hydrogen, especially near the nonmetal-to-metal transition region. We also observe significant deviations from the widely used Wiedemann-Franz law which is strictly valid only for degenerate systems and give an estimate for its valid scope of application towards lower densities

Taxing food: implications for public health nutrition

AIM: To set out a policy analysis of food taxes as a way of influencing food consumption and behaviour. DESIGN: The study draws on examples of food taxes from the developed world imposed at national and local levels. Studies were identified from a systemised search in six databases with criteria designed to identity articles of policy relevance. RESULTS: The dominant approach identified from the literature was the imposition of food taxes on food to raise general revenue, such as Value Added Tax in the European Union. Food taxes can be applied in various ways, ranging from attempts to directly influence behaviour to those which collect taxes for identified campaigns on healthy eating through to those applied within closed settings such as schools. There is a case for combining taxes of unhealthy foods with subsidies of healthy foods. The evidence from the literature concerning the use and impact of food taxes on food behaviour is not clear and those cases identified are mainly retrospective descriptions of the process. Many food taxes have been withdrawn after short periods of time due to industry lobbying. CONCLUSIONS FOR POLICY: Small taxes with the clear purpose of promoting the health of key groups, e.g. children, are more likely to receive public support. The focus of many tax initiatives is unclear; although they are generally aimed at consumers, another focus could be food manufacturers, using taxes and subsidies to encourage the production of healthier foods, which could have an effect at a population level. Further consideration needs to be given to this aspect of food taxes. Taxing food (and subsidies) can influence food behaviour within closed systems such as schools and the workplace