Evidência de infecção ativa por herpesvírus 6 (variante- A) em pacientes com linfadenopatia em Belém, Pará, Brasil

A total of 323 patients with lymphadenopathy were selected in Belém, Brazil, between January 1996 and December 2001, and screened for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) IgM- and- IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When seroprevalence is analyzed by gender, similar rates are found for female (60.6%) and male (55.7%) individuals. Seventy-seven (23.8%) patients were HHV-6-IgM-and- IgG-positive (IgM+ subgroup), with positivity rates of 29.7% and 17.7% (p = 0.0007) for female- and male individuals, respectively. Sera from a subgroup (n = 120) of these subjects, with high HHV-6 antibody levels (either IgM+ or IgG+ reactivities), were subsequently processed for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nested PCR. Active infections (IgM+ and/or IgG+ high levels specific antibodies plus detection of viral DNA) were diagnosed in 20/77 (20.0%) and 8/43 (18.6%); subgroup of the 120 individuals suspected of having HHV-6 suggestive recent infection. All (n = 28) cases of active infection were found to be associated with HHV-6 variant-A (HHV-6A), as detectable by PCR/nested PCR, using variant-specific primer that amplify regions of 195 base pairs (bp) (HHV-6A) and 423 bp (HHV-6B). Rates of HHV-6 DNA detection between female and male patients were similar (p >; 0.05) in the IgM+ and IgG+ groups: 20.4% versus 35.7% and 25.0% versus 13.0%, respectively. HHV-6 DNA was detected across ; 50 age-groups at rates that ranged from 15.4% (male, ; 0,05) em pacientes dos sexos feminino e masculino, no grupo IgM+ e IgG+ com: 20,4% versus 35,7% e 25,0% versus 13,0%, respectivamente. A detecção do DNA viral do HHV-6 ocorreu no grupo etário ; 50 anos, com taxas que variaram de 15,4% (homens, < 5 anos) a 100,0% (mulheres, 11-20 anos). O aumento dos linfonodos cervicais foi registrado como mais freqüente, ocorrendo em número de 9 (32,0%) casos, tanto entre indivíduos do sexo masculino como naqueles do feminino. Entre os pacientes (n = 28) com infecção ativa pela variante A do HHV-6, a duração dos sintomas em 35,7% deles foi de 1-5 dias, enquanto em 64,3% durou de 6-20 dias. Nossos dados sugerem ser importante investigar a infecção pelo HHV-6 entre os pacientes (crianças e adultos) portadores de linfadenopatia como manifestação clínica proeminente no curso das doenças agudas febris

Prevalência de anticorpos para o herpesvírus humano tipo 8 na população de Belém, Pará, Brasil

Serum samples from 497 children and adults inhabiting two neighbourhoods (Guamá and Terra Firme) in Belém, Pará, North Brazil were screened for the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An overall 16.3% prevalence was found for these urban communities. Taken both genders together, prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibody increase gradually, across age-groups, ranging from 12.0% to 33.3%. When seroprevalence is analysed by gender, similar rates are found for female (18.4%) and male (14.0%) individuals. In the former gender group, seroprevalence rates increased from 10.3%, in children ;&pound;; 10 years of age, to 30.0% in adults 41-50 years of age. Conversely, among male subjects, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies decreased from 13.3% in children/young adults aged ;&pound;; 10 to 20 years of age to 6.1% in adults aged 21-30 years. From the 31-40 year-old group male onwards, seropositivity rates increased gradually, ranging from 8.3% to 66.7%. A significant difference in seropositivity rates was noted when comparing 21-30 age groups for female and male subjects: 23.3% and 6.1%, respectively (P = 0.03). Geometric mean optical densities were found to increase slightly from the lower to the higher age-groups. Our data suggest that transmission of HHV-8 occurs frequently in the general urban population of Belém, and that prevalence of antibody seems to increase with age.Amostras de soro de 497 crianças e adultos residentes em 2 bairros (Terra Firme e Guamá) de Belém, Pará, norte do Brasil foram examinadas com o propósito de detectar-se anticorpos para o herpesvírus 8, utilizando-se a técnica imunoenzimática. A soroprevalência total nessas comunidades urbanas foi de 16,3%. As taxas de prevalência de anticorpos para o HHV-8, considerando ambos os sexos, aumentou progressivamente através dos grupos de idade, variando de 12,0% a 33,3%. Quando a soroprevalência é analisada por sexo, taxas similares são encontradas para os indivíduos do sexo feminino (18,4%) e masculino (14,0%). A taxa de prevalência no sexo feminino aumentou de 10,3%, em crianças ;&pound;; 10 anos, para 30,0% nos adultos de 41-50 anos. Já nos indivíduos do sexo masculino, a prevalência de anticorpos para o HHV-8 decresceu de 13,3%, nas crianças/adultos de ;&pound;; 10 a 20 anos de idade, para 6,1% em adultos com 21-30 anos. Do grupo etário de 31-40 anos para frente, as taxas de soropositividade relativas ao sexo masculino aumentaram gradualmente de 8,3% a 66,7%. Diferença significativa foi observada nas taxas de soropositividade relacionadas ao grupo etário de 21-30 anos, se comparados indivíduos dos sexos feminino e masculino: 23,3% e 6,1%, respectivamente (P = 0,03). A média geométrica das densidades óticas aumentaram progressivamente do menor para o maior grupo de idade. Nossos dados sugerem que a transmissão do HHV-8 ocorre com frequência na população de Belém e que a prevalência de anticorpos observada aumentou com a idade

Interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with advanced head and neck cancer

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: Fourteen patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer were studied. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated during the preoperative and late postoperative periods were stimulated with concanavalin A and Bacille Calmette-Guerin, and the supernatant concentrations of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 were measured. RESULTS: For non-stimulated cultures, the interferon-gamma levels produced by the preoperative period and the late postoperative period cultures were lower than the levels produced by the control group cultures. The interferon-gamma levels after stimulation with concanavalin A were higher in the late postoperative period cultures than in the preoperative evaluation cultures. Stimulation with Bacille Calmette-Guerin led to the production of similar levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 by all cultures; thus, stimulation increased the levels of interferon-gamma produced by both the preoperative and postoperative cultures relative to the levels produced by the corresponding unstimulated cultures. CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer exhibit an in vitro deficiency in interferongamma secretion by mononuclear cells. Stimulated cells seem to recover this function during the postoperative period

Interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with advanced head and neck cancer

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: Fourteen patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer were studied. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated during the preoperative and late postoperative periods were stimulated with concanavalin A and Bacille Calmette-Guerin, and the supernatant concentrations of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 were measured. RESULTS: For non-stimulated cultures, the interferon-gamma levels produced by the preoperative period and the late postoperative period cultures were lower than the levels produced by the control group cultures. The interferon-gamma levels after stimulation with concanavalin A were higher in the late postoperative period cultures than in the preoperative evaluation cultures. Stimulation with Bacille Calmette-Guerin led to the production of similar levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 by all cultures; thus, stimulation increased the levels of interferon-gamma produced by both the preoperative and postoperative cultures relative to the levels produced by the corresponding unstimulated cultures. CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced supraglottic laryngeal cancer exhibit an in vitro deficiency in interferongamma secretion by mononuclear cells. Stimulated cells seem to recover this function during the postoperative period

Herpesvírus humano-7 como causa de doença exantemática em Belém, Pará, Brasil

We screened sera from 370 patients suffering from exanthematous illnesses in Belém, North Brazil, for the presence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) IgM and IgG antibodies. Samples were obtained from January 1996 to December 2002 and were processed by a HHV-7-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). HHV-7-specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies were found in 190 (51.4%) of these patients, with similar prevalence rates (IgM+ and IgG+ subgroups taken together) for female and male subjects: 52.5% and 50.3%, respectively. Serological status as defined by IgG was identified in 135 (36.5%) patients. In 55 (14.9%) of the patients HHV-7 IgM antibodies were detected. HHV-7 IgM- and- IgG antibody rates were similar (p >; 0.05) when male and female subjects are compared: 14.4% versus 15.3% and 38.1% versus 35.0%, respectively. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.003) was noted when HHV-7-IgM-positive female and male patients aged 5-8 months are compared. Prevalence rates ranging from 4.6% (female, 5-8 months of age) to 93.3% (female, >; 10 years of age) and 12.2% (male, 5-8 months) to 80.0% (male, 8-10 years of age) were noted in the IgG- positive subgroups. A subgroup (n = 131) of patients with IgM or IgG HHV-7 antibodies were examined for the presence of DNA using a polymerase chain reaction/nested PCR. Recent/active HHV-7 infection occurred at a rate of 11.0% (6/55) among patients whose samples presented IgM+ specific antibodies. In a subgroup (n = 76) of patients with high HHV-7-IgG antibody levels (titre >; 1:160) DNA could not be detected in sera examined by PCR/nested PCR. Of the six recent/active infections, four subjects with less than 1 year and two with 3 and 6 years of age, presented typical exanthem subitum (E.S), as defined by higher fever (>; 38.0 &ordm;C) with duration of 24 to 72 hours, followed by a maculopapular skin rash. Our results underscore the need for searching HHV-7 infection in patients with exanthematous diseases, particularly those presenting with typical E.S. HHV-7 appears therefore to emerge as a newly recognized pathogen of exanthem in our region.Examinamos soros de 370 pacientes acometidos de doença exantemática, selecionados em Belém, norte do Brasil, com o propósito de se detectarem anticorpos IgM e IgG para o herpesvírus humano-7 (HHV-7). As amostras foram obtidas entre janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 2002 e, posteriormente, processadas utilizando-se a técnica da imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Taxas de anticorpos IgM e/ou IgG foram encontradas em 190 (51,4%) desses pacientes. Observamos taxas de prevalência similares para os sexos feminino e masculino com: 52,5% e 50,3%, respectivamente. O "status" sorológico foi definido pela presença de anticorpos IgG nos espécimes de 135 (36,5%) pacientes. A par disso, em 55 (14,9%) dos 370 pacientes foram detectados anticorpos IgM para o HHV-7. Taxas de anticorpos IgM e IgG para o HHV-7 foram similares (p >; 0.05) quando comparamos indivíduos do sexo feminino e masculino: 14,4% versus 15,3% e 38,1% versus 35,0%, respectivamente. Diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,003) foi observada quando comparamos as taxas de anticorpos IgM para o HHV-7 nos indivíduos do grupo etário de 5-8 meses pertencentes ao sexo feminino e masculino. Taxas de prevalência variando de 4,6% (masculino, 5-8 meses de idade) a 93,3% (feminino, >; 10 anos de idade) e 12,2% (masculino, 5-8 meses de idade) a 80,0% (masculino, 8-10 anos de idade) foram observadas no subgrupo positivo para IgG. Um subgrupo (n = 131) de pacientes com anticorpos IgM ou IgG foi examinado quanto a presença de DNA para o HHV-7 pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase/ "nested" PCR. Infecção recente/ativa para o HHV-7 ocorreu em 11,0% (6/55) dos pacientes cujas amostras apresentaram anticorpos IgM específicos para o HHV-7. Em um subgrupo (n = 76) de pacientes com altos níveis de anticorpos IgG para o HHV-7 (título >; 1: 160) não foi detectada a presença de DNA em seus soros pelo PCR/ "nested" PCR. Entre as seis infecções recentes/ativas, quatro indivíduos com menos de um ano e dois com 3 e 6 anos de idade apresentaram típico exantema súbito (E.S) definido por febre elevada (>; 38,0 &ordm;C) com duração de 24 a 72 horas, acompanhando-se de erupção cutânea maculopapular. Nossos resultados ressaltam a necessidade de procurarmos a infecção pelo HHV-7 em pacientes portadores de doença exantemática, particularmente naquelas apresentações típicas de E.S. O HHV-7 parece emergir como um novo patógeno associado a quadros exantemáticos em nossa região

Activated Carbon Produced from Tanning Industry Residues Used to Remove Carbamazepine from Wastewater

The 8th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research - ICEER 2021According to UNESCO, emerging pollutants are posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. These compounds can be either synthetic or natural chemicals or microorganisms, that are not usually regulated, and can be found in hospital wastewater, even after conventional treatment processes. Carbamazepine is a mood stabilizing drug and an anticonvulsant. Due to its persistence, carbamazepine is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Though there are many methods to remove such pollutants, adsorption is one of the most effective treatments. To remove carbamazepine from solution, an activated carbon prepared from leather residues and a commercial activated carbon were used as adsorbents. The adsorption tests show that the leather residue derived activated carbons have higher specific surface area (>1500 m’/g) and higher adsorption capacity (q > 300 mgcnz/g) for carbamazepine when compared to commercial activated carbon (992 m’/g and q < 180 mgcaz/g, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Travel of studies: cities of João Pessoa, Maceio, Natal and Recife: a look on the urban space and brazilian architectural production

Ponencia presentada a Session 8: Dimensiones psicosociales de la arquitectura y el urbanismo / Psycological dimensions of architecture and planningThis article aims to present the methodology and the final results of the elective course “Travel of Studies” which belongs to the new pedagogical project from the Architecture and Urbanism course at the University Federal of Pernambuco. It was offered for the first time in 2013.The discipline was organized to occur in four long weekends through visits of four capitals of the Northeast of Brazil: Recife, João Pessoa, Natal and Maceió. The purpose was to allow the students to apprehend the cities through four axis: intervention in historical center (axis 1), production of urban space (axis 2), production of coastline space (axis 3) and contemporary architecture (axis 4). After the four visits were complete, we prepared a poster with the comparison of the cities based on the identification of the similarities and differences of each axis we have studied

Identification of therapeutic and diagnostic targets through yeast two hybrid system: molecular biology in medicine

Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento da biologia molecular tem impulsionado a medicina, principalmente na identificação de novos alvos terapêuticos e de diagnóstico. Nas células são as proteínas as principais intervenientes responsáveis pelo funcionamento de todos os processos celulares, desde a síntese de novas moléculas de DNA, à formação de RNA e de novas proteínas, ao transporte de todos os componentes celulares bem como da composição estrutural da própria célula. Também são as proteínas um dos componentes mais relevantes das vias de sinalização entre as células. Estudos apontam para que, normalmente, as proteínas não funcionem sozinhas mas em complexos. Daí a importância de estudar as interações entre proteínas e, por outro lado, encontrar compostos que interfiram com esses complexos para tratamentos farmacológicos. Já existem alguns fármacos com estas características. A tricostatina A, um inibidor duma diacetilase de histonas (DH), atua no complexo Proteína Fosfatase 1-DH, sendo um bom alvo na terapia anti-cancerígena. Em 1989, de um modo revolucionário para a época, Fields e Songs desenvolveram o Yeast Two Hybrid system (YTH). Este método baseia-se na genética da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae para detetar interações entre proteínas. Desde a sua descoberta sofreu várias modificações que permitiram a sua aplicação à investigação translacional. Por exemplo, esta técnica permite fazer um rastreio em larga escala para determinar que droga pode interferir com uma determinada interação proteica. Por outro lado, pode também utilizar-se para se determinar que proteínas num determinado tecido (por exemplo, cérebro ou testículo) interagem com a nossa proteína de interesse. Deste modo é possível desvendar funções de novas proteínas, vias de sinalização e funcionamento de tecidos. A grande quantidade de informação produzida por esta abordagem é de eleição para a identificação e validação de alvos de diagnóstico, terapêuticos e mesmo desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Esta revisão tem como intuito elucidar o funcionamento do Yeast Two Hybrid system e a sua contribuição para a identificação de novos tratamentos farmacológicos

Introduction of Forage Legumes into Pastures of Three Different Grasses

It was evaluated the introduction of a mixture of calopo, galaxia, perennial soybean, guata and stylo broadcsted into marandu, setaria and tanzania half-plots already established in three cafeterias, each one located inside a paddock of each grass. The legumes were seeded in the end of the Spring (12/07/98), after the plots had been cut down and fertilized. The cafeterias were grazed intermittently by buffaloes maintained in the three paddocks. The occurrence of the five legume plants was avaluated by countings (#/m2) effected in the middle of Autumn, Winter and Spring of 1999 and Summer of 2000. Along with this last counting it was evaluated the forage remained after grazing and its N%. Marandu-grass presented the higher amount of forage remained after grazing but the lower presence of legumes along all countings. The contrary happened with Tanzania-grass. Significantly higher N% was found in the mixed grass half-plots compared with them without legumes

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Diabetic ketoacidosis is acute hyperglycaemic complication of DM type 1 patients and this situation of metabolic disturbances develops in a milieu of severe insulin deficiency,usually associated to stress conditions that increase the counterregulatory hormones.Hyperosmolar Hypergycemic state is a specific complication of the DM type 2 patients with predominance of the effects of hyperosmolarity and dehydration, specially involving the central nervous system. Precipitating factors, clinical presentation, basic pathophysiology and treatment of these diabetic hyperglycaemic emergencies are analysed in this review.A cetoacidose diabética é uma complicação aguda, típica dos pacientes com DM tipo I ou insulinodependentes, um conjunto de distúrbios metabólicos, que se desenvolvem em uma situação de deficiência insulínica grave, comumente associada a condições estressantes, que levam a aumento dos hormônios contra-reguladores. O estado hiperglicêmico hiperosmolar é uma complicação aguda, característica do diabético tipo II ou não insulinodependente, quando predominam os efeitos da hiperosmolaridade e desidratação, principalmente envolvendo o sistema nervoso central. Fatores precipitantes, quadro clínico, fisiopatologia básica e tratamento dessas emergências médicas são analisados nesta revisão