489 research outputs found
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and Hall effects in the skyrmion phase of MnFeGe alloys
We carry out density functional theory calculations which demonstrate that
the electron dynamics in the skyrmion phase of Fe-rich MnFeGe
alloys is governed by Berry phase physics. We observe that the magnitude of the
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, directly related to the mixed space-momentum
Berry phases, changes sign and magnitude with concentration in direct
correlation with the data of Shibata {\it et al.}, Nature Nanotech. {\bf 8},
723 (2013). The computed anomalous and topological Hall effects in FeGe are
also in good agreement with available experiments. We further develop a simple
tight-binding model able to explain these findings. Finally, we show that the
adiabatic Berry phase picture is violated in the Mn-rich limit of the alloys.Comment: 5 page
Wannier-function approach to spin excitations in solids
We present a computational scheme to study spin excitations in magnetic
materials from first principles. The central quantity is the transverse spin
susceptibility, from which the complete excitation spectrum, including
single-particle spin-flip Stoner excitations and collective spin-wave modes,
can be obtained. The susceptibility is derived from many-body perturbation
theory and includes dynamic correlation through a summation over ladder
diagrams that describe the coupling of electrons and holes with opposite spins.
In contrast to earlier studies, we do not use a model potential with adjustable
parameters for the electron-hole interaction but employ the random-phase
approximation. To reduce the numerical cost for the calculation of the
four-point scattering matrix we perform a projection onto maximally localized
Wannier functions, which allows us to truncate the matrix efficiently by
exploiting the short spatial range of electronic correlation in the partially
filled d or f orbitals. Our implementation is based on the FLAPW method.
Starting from a ground-state calculation within the LSDA, we first analyze the
matrix elements of the screened Coulomb potential in the Wannier basis for the
3d transition-metal series. In particular, we discuss the differences between a
constrained nonmagnetic and a proper spin-polarized treatment for the
ferromagnets Fe, Co, and Ni. The spectrum of single-particle and collective
spin excitations in fcc Ni is then studied in detail. The calculated spin-wave
dispersion is in good overall agreement with experimental data and contains
both an acoustic and an optical branch for intermediate wave vectors along the
[100] direction. In addition, we find evidence for a similar double-peak
structure in the spectral function along the [111] direction.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 5 table
Thermal conductivity of R2CuO4, with R = La, Pr and Gd
We present measurements of the in-plane kappa_ab and out-of-plane kappa_c
thermal conductivity of Pr2CuO4 and Gd2CuO4 single crystals. The anisotropy
gives strong evidence for a large contribution of magnetic excitations to
kappa_ab i.e. for a heat current within the CuO2 planes. However, the absolute
values of kappa_mag are lower than previous results on La2CuO4. These
differences probably arise from deviations from the nominal oxygen
stoichiometry. This has a drastic influence on kappa_mag, which is shown by an
investigation of a La2CuO4+delta polycrystal.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure; presented at SCES200
Magnetoresistance, specific heat and magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic rare-earth transition-metal magnesium compounds
We present a study of the magnetoresistance, the specific heat and the
magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic Mg intermetallics with , Eu, Gd, Yb and , Au and of GdAuIn. Depending on the
composition these compounds are paramagnetic (, Yb) or they
order either ferro- or antiferromagnetically with transition temperatures
ranging from about 13 to 81 K. All of them are metallic, but the resistivity
varies over 3 orders of magnitude. The magnetic order causes a strong decrease
of the resistivity and around the ordering temperature we find pronounced
magnetoresistance effects. The magnetic ordering also leads to well-defined
anomalies in the specific heat. An analysis of the entropy change leads to the
conclusions that generally the magnetic transition can be described by an
ordering of localized moments arising from the half-filled
shells of Eu or Gd. However, for GdAgMg we find clear evidence
for two phase transitions indicating that the magnetic ordering sets in
partially below about 125 K and is completed via an almost first-order
transition at 39 K. The magnetocaloric effect is weak for the antiferromagnets
and rather pronounced for the ferromagnets for low magnetic fields around the
zero-field Curie temperature.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures include
Spin-State Transition and Metal-Insulator Transition in LaEuCoO}
We present a study of the structure, the electric resistivity, the magnetic
susceptibility, and the thermal expansion of LaEuCoO. LaCoO
shows a temperature-induced spin-state transition around 100 K and a
metal-insulator transition around 500 K. Partial substitution of La by
the smaller Eu causes chemical pressure and leads to a drastic increase
of the spin gap from about 190 K in LaCoO to about 2000 K in EuCoO, so
that the spin-state transition is shifted to much higher temperatures. A
combined analysis of thermal expansion and susceptibility gives evidence that
the spin-state transition has to be attributed to a population of an
intermediate-spin state with orbital order for and without orbital
order for larger . In contrast to the spin-state transition, the
metal-insulator transition is shifted only moderately to higher temperatures
with increasing Eu content, showing that the metal-insulator transition occurs
independently from the spin-state distribution of the Co ions. Around
the metal-insulator transition the magnetic susceptibility shows a similar
increase for all and approaches a doping-independent value around 1000 K
indicating that well above the metal-insulator transition the same spin state
is approached for all .Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
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ADENOVIRUS INTERACTION WITH ITS CELLULAR RECEPTOR CAR.
The mechanism of adenovirus attachment to the host cell plasma membrane has been revealed in detail by research over the past 10 years. It has long been known that receptor binding activity is associated with the viral fibers, trimeric spike proteins that protrude radially from the vertices of the icosahedral capsid (Philipson et al. 1968). In some adenovirus serotypes, fiber and other virus structural proteins are synthesized in excess and accumulate in the cell nucleus during late stages of infection. Fiber protein can be readily purified from lysates of cells infected with subgroup C viruses, for example Ad2 and Ad5 (Boulanger and Puvion 1973). Addition of purified fiber protein to virus suspensions during adsorption strongly inhibits infection, indicating that fiber and intact virus particles compete for binding sites on host cells (Philipson et al. 1968; Hautala et al. 1998). Cell binding studies using purified radiolabeled fiber demonstrated that fiber binds specifically and with high affinity to the cell plasma membrane, and that cell lines typically used for laboratory propagation of adenovirus have approximately 10{sup 4} high-affinity receptor sites per cell (Persson et al. 1985; Freimuth 1996). Similar numbers of high-affinity binding sites for radiolabeled intact virus particles also were observed (Seth et al. 1994)
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