“Toronto Has No History!” : Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, and Historical Memory in Canada’s Largest City

In 1884, during a week-long commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Toronto’s incorporation in 1834, tens of thousands celebrated Toronto’s history and its relation to British colonialism and imperialism. The author’s analysis of the historical tableaux in the first day’s parade and speeches by Daniel Wilson, president of University College, and Chief Samson Green of the Tyendinaga Mohawks reveals divergent approaches to commemoration as “politics by other means”: on one hand, the erasure of the area’s Indigenous past and the celebration of its European future, on the other, an idealized view of the past of Indigenous–settler partnership that ignores the role of local settlers in the dispossession of the Mississaugas. The 1884 commemoration marks the transition from the founding of the settlement in 1793 to its incorporation in 1834 as the city’s “founding moment” and marker of the assumed “indigeneity” of settler-immigrants. The deed acquired from the Mississaugas in the Toronto Purchase of 1787 is deemed irrelevant, while the 1834 Act of Incorporation becomes the symbolic deed to Toronto’s modernity.En 1884, au cours d’une semaine complète d’événements commémorant le 50e anniversaire de l’incorporation de Toronto en 1834, des dizaines de milliers de gens fêtent l’histoire de Toronto et sa relation avec le colonialisme et l’impérialisme britannique. Une analyse des fresques historiques du défilé de la première journée des célébrations et de discours prononcés par Daniel Wilson, président de l’University College, et par le chef de Samson Green des Mohawks de Tyendinaga dévoile de divergentes approches relatives à la commémoration comme « politique par d’autres moyens » : d’une part, le camouflage du passé indigène de la région et la célébration de son avenir européen, de l’autre, une vision idéalisée du partenariat passé entre peuples autochtones et colons qui ignore la rôle de ces derniers dans la dépossession des Indiens de Mississauga. La commémoration de 1884 marque la transition entre la fondation du village en 1793 et l’incorporation de la ville en 1834 comme « moment fondateur » et symbole de la supposée « autochtonie » des colons immigrants. Le titre de propriété acquis des Mississaugas lors de l’achat de Toronto en 1787 est jugé sans importance, tandis que la Loi d’incorporation de 1834 devient l’acte symbolique de la modernité de Toronto

Which Australian secondary school students are at risk of illicit drug use?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Freeman, T., White, V., & Roche, A.M. (2011) Which Australian secondary school students are at risk of illicit drug use? : A nationwide survey. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30, 589-596], which has been published in final form at [DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00246.x]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Introduction and aims: Over recent years, numerous school-based preventive strategies have been explored as possible options to address illicit drug use by young people. However, there is scope to extend current knowledge of which school students are most at risk of illicit drug-related harm. To investigate potential differential risk, the prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use of Australian secondary school students were examined according to demographic, school, economic, and licit drug use factors. Design and methods: Analyses were conducted on the 2005 Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug (ASSAD) survey. A total of 21,805 secondary school students aged 12-17 from 376 schools completed the pencil and paper classroom questionnaire. Results: The greatest risk factors for students using illicit drugs were tobacco and alcohol use. Students with self-rated below average academic achievement, with more than $20 a week of disposable income, and who were Indigenous were more likely to report illicit drug use. Discussion and conclusions: While causal pathways could not be examined in the current data, and these relationships are likely to be complex and multi-directional, the findings indicate potentially at-risk populations who warrant extra support to address illicit drug-related harm

The Best Field Trip Ever: An Artistic and Scientific Analysis of the Value of Field Trips to an Environmental Center

The Center for the Urban River at Beczak is a 3900-square-foot environmental education and research facility located on 2 acres of Hudson riverfront park in downtown Yonkers. It is operated by Sarah Lawrence College in cooperation with the Beczak Environmental Education Center. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a field trip to CURB on students’ environmental empathy, environmental engagement, cultural awareness, and interest in CURB. This was achieved with qualitative and quantitative measures, including a multi-case study (Bogdan & Biklen, 1998) and a quantitative survey. The qualitative multi-case study, in the field of participatory action research (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000), included note-taking and observation of students attending CURB programs

Protective adaptation of low serum triiodothyronine in patients with chronic renal failure

Protective adaptation of low serum triiodothyronine in patients with chronic renal failure. Low serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration is frequently found in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). To test the hypothesis that this may serve to minimize protein catabolism in these patients, we measured nitrogen balance (Nb) in seven CRF and four control subjects in the basal state and when serum T3 concentration was elevated by L-triiodothyronine (LT3) and suppressed by sodium ipodate administration. In the basal state, both the controls and the CRF patients were in positive Nb, 0.02 ± 0.51 and 0.58 ± 0.34 g/day, respectively. During LT3 administration, Nb decreased to -0.80 ± 0.39 g/day in the CRF patients (P < 0.01), but remained positive, 0.22 ± 0.67 g/day, in the controls. There was a significant negative correlation between serum T3 concentration and Nb in the CRF patients (r = -0.63, P < 0.005), but not in the controls. Furthermore, urea nitrogen generation rate, calculated from urea kinetics, increased from a baseline of 4.6 ± 0.55 to 6.0 ± 0.50 mg/min during LT3 administration in the CRF patients (P < 0.01). Sodium ipodate, which significantly lowered serum T3 concentrations, had little effect on nitrogen metabolism in the controls and the CRF patients. These data support the concept that low serum T3 concentrations may confer a protective effect on CRF patients regarding protein-nitrogen conservation and provide a rationale for not correcting such deficiency

Remedying contact dermatitis in broiler chickens with novel flooring treatments

Simple Summary Contact dermatitis is an overarching term for inflamed or necrotic lesions after contact with an allergen or irritant. Broiler chickens commonly experience these lesions due to prolonged contact with moisture, feces, and ammonia within litter. This study aimed to find methods to prevent and remedy lesions on broilers' feet, hocks, and breast. Furthermore, the impact of treatments on plumage cleanliness, gait, and body weight was investigated. We applied novel flooring treatments consisting of plastic slats and disinfectant mats containing povidone-iodine, which we compared to the industry control (used litter) and a positive control (clean litter). Weekly measurements on a sample of birds in each pen showed us the impact of both flooring treatments and age (weeks) on animal welfare outcomes. Contrary to expectations, the novel flooring treatments did not prevent or remedy contact dermatitis. In fact, the positive control, consisting of replacing litter every four days, resulted in the best welfare condition, with limited to no contact dermatitis at week seven of age. Contact dermatitis (footpad dermatitis (FPD), hock burns, and breast dermatitis) is a welfare issue for broiler chickens, causing pain and behavioral restrictions. Once lesions develop, often nothing is done to remedy the issue for the affected flock. Our objective was to evaluate novel flooring treatments at the flock level by providing preventative and remedial treatments against contact dermatitis, plumage soiling, and gait impairment. Broilers (n = 546) were housed in 42 pens, with 13 birds/pen. The flooring treatments (four) included used litter (NEG), new pine shavings replaced regularly (POS), a mat filled with 1% povidone-iodine solution (MAT), and the iodine mat placed on a slatted floor (SLAT). Flooring treatments were provided from day one of age (preventative approach; PREV) or day 29 (remedial approach; REM). Contact dermatitis, soiling, gait, and weight were recorded weekly (seven birds/pen). Results showed a treatment effect for all measures, dependent on bird age. Overall, the POS treatment resulted in the best welfare outcomes (FPD, hock burns, and gait). The worst contact dermatitis was found in the MAT and SLAT groups. NEG birds showed little contact dermatitis, opposite to expectations. Weights were lower for PREV-POS in week seven only. The treatments with povidone-iodine were deemed ineffective against contact dermatitis. Access to clean litter prevented and remedied contact dermatitis, and a comparable approach may be commercially feasible

Horizon Report Europe - 2014 Schools Edition

The NMC Horizon Project from the New Media Consortium is a long-term investigation launched in 2002 that identifies and describes emerging technologies likely to have a large impact over the coming five years in education around the globe. The NMC Horizon Report Europe: 2014 Schools Edition, the first of its kind for Europe, examines six key trends, six significant challenges and six important developments in educational technology that are very likely to impact educational change processes in European schools over the next five years (2014-2018). The topics within each section were carefully selected by the Horizon Project Europe Expert Panel, a body of 53 experts in European education, technology, and other fields. They come from 22 European countries, as well as international organisations and European networks. Throughout the report, references and links are made to more than 150 European publications (reports, articles, policy documents, blog posts etc.), projects (both EU-funded and national initiatives) and various policy initiatives from all over Europe. The Creative Classrooms multidimensional framework, developed by European Commission’s JRC-IPTS on behalf of DG EAC, was used for analysing the trends, challenges and technologies impacting European schools over the next five years. The analysis reveals that a systemic approach is needed for integrating new technologies in European schools and impacting educational change over the next five years.JRC.J.3-Information Societ

Diagnostic criteria for initial orthostatic hypotension:a narrative review

Abnormalities in orthostatic blood pressure changes upon active standing are associated with morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. However, over the last decade, several population-based cohort studies have reported a remarkably high prevalence (between 25 and 70%) of initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH) among elderly individuals. This has raised the question as to whether the orthostatic blood pressure patterns in these community-dwelling elderly should truly be considered as pathological. If not, redefining of the systolic cutoff values for IOH (i.e., a value ≥ 40 mmHg in systolic blood pressure in the first 15 s after standing up) might be necessary to differ between normal aging and true pathology. Therefore, in this narrative review, we provide a critical analysis of the current reference values for the changes in systolic BP in the first 60 s after standing up and discuss how these values should be applied to large population studies. We will address factors that influence the magnitude of the systolic blood pressure changes following active standing and the importance of standardization of the stand-up test, which is a prerequisite for quantitative, between-subject comparisons of the postural hemodynamic response