430 research outputs found

    Remote sensing techniques for mapping range sites and estimating range yield

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    Image interpretation procedures for determining range yield and for extrapolating range information were investigated for an area of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota. Soil and vegetative data collected in the field utilizing a grid sampling design and digital film data from color infrared film and black and white films were analyzed statistically using correlation and regression techniques. The pattern recognition techniques used were K-class, mode seeking, and thresholding. The herbage yield equation derived for the detailed test site was used to predict yield for an adjacent similar field. The herbage yield estimate for the adjacent field was 1744 lbs. of dry matter per acre and was favorably compared to the mean yield of 1830 lbs. of dry matter per acre based upon ground observations. Also an inverse relationship was observed between vegetative cover and the ratio of MSS 5 to MSS 7 of ERTS-1 imagery

    Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Program Mentoring Structure: A Survey of Program Directors

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    Purpose/Hypothesis: Mentoring is a required component of physical therapy residency and fellowship training, and a primary reason applicants pursue training in these programs. Resources outlining core competencies for effective mentoring, mentor and mentee characteristics, and recommendations for effective mentoring have been described. However, little is known about the timing, structure, and process of how mentoring and feedback is implemented across residency and fellowship programs. The purpose of this study was to better understand the structure, timing, and delivery of mentoring and the role mentors and program directors (PDs) play in orthopaedic physical therapy residency and fellowship programs. A secondary purpose was to identify the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mentoring delivery. Number of Subjects: A survey was sent to 135 accredited orthopaedic physical therapy residency and fellowship program directors Materials and Methods: A practice committee of the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Orthopaedic Residency and Fellowship Special Interest Group developed survey questions. Forty-eight questions about program background, mentoring logistics, structure, delivery, transitions, training, selection, feedback, communication, mentor roles, and impacts of COVID-19 on mentoring were asked. Questions were entered into a secure Red Cap survey and a recruitment email with survey link was sent to PDs from accredited programs on three separate occasions over two months. Descriptive statistics and survey responses were analyzed. Results: PDs submitted 32 surveys (23.7% response rate), had 15.9 (8.5) years’ experience as a physical therapist and a mean program involvement of 6.3 (3.2) years. Programs most often schedule 1:1 mentoring weekly (63%) or several days/week (25.9%); most often in four hour blocks (44.4%) for a mean of 157.6 (60.3) hours. Mentee feedback was delivered before, during, or after the mentoring session verbally 92.3%, and feedback was shared with the resident in front of the patient often 26.9%, sometimes 61.5% and rarely 11.5%. Mentoring was delivered 100% in-person by programs and virtually by 42.3%. Mentor and mentee paired assignments varied with 65.4% assigning more than one mentor. Most programs (84.6%) do not have a career development ladder for mentors. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced mentoring delivery with 53.8% using increased virtual mentoring, 19.2% using increased asynchronous mentoring, and 42.3% decreasing mentoring hours during the pandemic. Conclusions: Orthopaedic physical therapy residency and fellowship mentoring is delivered using a variety of methods, and mentors and program directors cross-cover multiple positions in residency and fellowship programs. Identifying the structure and delivery of mentoring commonly used in residency and fellowship programs provides baseline data to better understand optimal mentoring approaches and influence of mentoring structure on resident and fellowship outcomes

    Improving Measurement-Based Care Implementation in Youth Mental Health Through Organizational Leadership and Climate: A Mechanistic Analysis within a Randomized Trial

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    Background Theory and correlational research indicate organizational leadership and climate are important for successful implementation of evidence‑based practices (EBPs) in healthcare settings; however, experimental evidence is lacking. We addressed this gap using data from the WISDOM (Working to Implement and Sustain Digital Outcome Measures) hybrid type III effectiveness‑implementation trial. Primary outcomes from WISDOM indicated the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy improved fidelity to measurement‑based care (MBC) in youth mental health services. In this study, we tested LOCI’s hypothesized mechanisms of change, namely: (1) LOCI will improve implementation and transformational leadership, which in turn will (2) mediate LOCI’s effect on implementation climate, which in turn will (3) mediate LOCI’s effect on MBC fidelity. Methods Twenty‑one outpatient mental health clinics serving youth were randomly assigned to LOCI plus MBC training and technical assistance or MBC training and technical assistance only. Clinicians rated their leaders’ implementation leadership, transformational leadership, and clinic implementation climate for MBC at five time points (baseline, 4‑, 8‑, 12‑, and 18‑months post‑baseline). MBC fidelity was assessed using electronic metadata for youth outpatients who initiated treatment in the 12 months following MBC training. Hypotheses were tested using longitudinal mixed‑effects models and multilevel mediation analyses. Results LOCI significantly improved implementation leadership and implementation climate from baseline to follow‑up at 4‑, 8‑, 12‑, and 18‑month post‑baseline (all ps \u3c .01), producing large effects (range of ds = 0.76 to 1.34). LOCI’s effects on transformational leadership were small at 4 months (d = 0.31, p = .019) and nonsignificant thereafter (ps \u3e .05). LOCI’s improvement of clinic implementation climate from baseline to 12 months was mediated by improvement in implementation leadership from baseline to 4 months (proportion mediated [pm] = 0.82, p = .004). Transformational leadership did not mediate LOCI’s effect on implementation climate (p = 0.136). Improvement in clinic implementation climate from baseline to 12 months mediated LOCI’s effect on MBC fidelity during the same period (pm = 0.71, p = .045). Conclusions LOCI improved MBC fidelity in youth mental health services by improving clinic implementation climate, which was itself improved by increased implementation leadership. Fidelity to EBPs in healthcare settings can be improved by developing organizational leaders and strong implementation climates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04096274. Registered September 18, 2019

    On the construction and sustainability of happiness: Where does my happiness come from?

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    Problem. Happiness is attributed to three sources: genetics and personality (50%), the situation (10%), and voluntary behaviors (40%) (Lyubomirsky, 2008). Few studies exist on the subject of happiness factors, their duration, and how these factors may relate to Lyubomirsky\u27s (2008) three sources of happiness, the purpose of this study. Method. Three hundred and forty-seven undergraduates listed what they felt contributed to their overall happiness. Then they indicated the three items they considered the most significant contributors. Finally, participants reported the duration (e.g., minutes, hours, days, weeks, or years) of happiness caused by each of these items. Results and Discussion. The number of happiness items participants expressed ranged from 0 to 77 (M = 28.58; SD = 13.74). The item listed most often was family (20.27%) followed by friends (15.18%). Most people gave priority to items that made them happy for years. As priority of the items decreased so did duration suggesting that people place greater value on factors that lead to prolonged levels of happiness. These findings have implications for happiness construction and sustainability as increasing individuals\u27 happiness levels may involve seeking out more socially-beneficial--as well as longer-lasting--resources

    Redefining happiness: Is the happiness pie literature missing some slices?

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    This study examined the relationships among happiness-related factors, as well as the relation between the antecedents of happiness (e.g., an individual\u27s personality, situations, and voluntary behavior) and self-reported individual differences. Three hundred forty-seven undergraduates completed measures of happiness, positive affect, subjective well-being, contentment, self-compassion, depression, neuroticism, mindfulness, and openness to experience. Participants also indicated the percentage of their happiness due to personality, the situation, and voluntary behaviors. The results corroborate evidence for happiness being most indicative of a multidimensional construct, as contentment, subjective well-being, and happiness were highly related. Additionally, in spite of research showing that almost half of our happiness is determined by voluntary actions, participants, on average, divided the happiness pie into thirds, attributing their happiness to personality (30.36%), the situation (36.88%), and voluntary actions (32.7%)

    Characterizing Community-Based Mental Health Services for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Disruptive Behavior Problems

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    This study describes the characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with disruptive behavior problems served in community-based mental health clinics, characterizes psychotherapy process and outcome, and examines differences between children with ASD and a non-ASD comparison group. Results indicate that children with ASD served in this setting are high functioning and diagnostically complex. Certain research-based behavioral and cognitive behavioral psychotherapeutic strategies were observed frequently, while parent training strategies and active teaching strategies were observed less frequently. The intensity or thoroughness with which strategies were pursued was relatively low. Outcome analyses indicate improvement in child symptoms and family functioning. Treatment delivery and outcome were similar for children with and without ASD. These findings represent the first detailed observational data characterizing community-based mental health services for children with ASD
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