Seroprevalensi Hepatitis C pada Populasi Perkotaan dan Perdesaan di Indonesia Tahun 2013: Kajian Determinan Sosiodemografi, Lingkungan, Pejamu, dan Komorbiditas (Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013)

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by RNA virus that is often asymptomatic and can lead into serious complications such as liver cancer. It remains one of major public health issues in several developing countries. Urban and rural areas have different sociodemographic characteristics but seroprevalence of hepatitis C based on antibody against hepatitis C virus (HCV) shows the same proportion of 1.0% in both areas, suggesting that there is discrepancy of risk factors for HCV infection between the two. This analysis aims to identify such determinants that include sociodemographic factors, neighbourhood, environmental conditions including hygienic behaviour and access to healthcare facilities, host conditions and comorbidities outside major risk factors. The analysis used secondary data of Riskesdas 2013 through complex logistic regression technique and alternative tests. The results showed that the determinants of HCV seroprevalence in urban and rural respondents were: gender, unemployment status, prediabetes, abnormalities of HDL and triglyceride levels, renal impairment and malaria. Hence, hepatitis C management strategies in Indonesia may require different approach to urban populations compared to rural areas

Optimasi Penambahan Colcemid pada Karyotyping Kultur Mecenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) Mencit

Control of the genetic stability of stem cells prior to the conduct of therapy is essential to prevent effects such as stem cell transformation. Karyotyping is a conventional technique to conduct an analysis of the number and structure of chromosomes. The analysis can only be performed on metaphase stage that needs to be optimized to get the cell at that stage because the length of the cell cycle are different in the each cell types. This study aims to obtain an optimal time to get MSC at metaphase stage. The study was conducted at the stem cell laboratory of Center for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health. The event begins with isolation using flushing technique at the femur and tibia of mice. Furthermore, the culture in vitro and induction colcemid 0,25μg/ml for 8,16 and 24 hours to get the MSC at metaphase stage. KCl solution with a concentration of 0.075 M and 0,045 M used as a solvent hipotonis. Results showed that 16 hours of induction colcemid 0,25μg/ml in 0.075 M KCl solution usage percentage of MSC who are at metaphase stage and do the highest analysis (p<0.05). In this study 16 hours induction colcemid 0,25μg/ml is the optimal time to obtain metaphase stage of the MSC from bone marrow of mice.Keywords: mecenchymal stem cell, karyotyping, colcemidAbstrakKontrol terhadap stabilitas genetik pada sel punca sebelum pelaksanan terapi merupakan hal yang penting untuk mencegah efek seperti transformasi sel punca yang dapat terjadi. Secara konvensional dapat dilakukan karyotyping untuk melakukan analisis terhadap jumlah dan struktur kromosom. Analisis hanya dapat dilakukan pada tahap metafase sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi untuk mendapatkan sel pada tahap tersebut mengingat panjang siklus sel setiap jenis sel berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh waktu yang optimal untuk mendapatkan MSC pada tahap metafase. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium stem cell Pusat Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan Badan Litbangkes. Kegiatan diawali dengan isolasi menggunakan teknik flushing pada tulang femur dan tibia mencit. Selanjutnya dilakukan kultur secara in vitro dan induksi colcemid 0,25μg/ ml selama 8,16 dan 24 jam untuk mendapatkan MSC pada tahap metafase. Larutan KCl dengan konsentrasi 0,075 M dan 0,045M digunakan sebagai larutan hipotonis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 16 jam induksi colcemid 0,25μg/ml pada penggunaan larutan KCl 0,075 M memiliki persentase MSC yang berada pada tahap metafase dan dapat dilakukan analisis tertinggi (p<0,05). Pada penelitian ini 16 jam induksi colcemid 0,25μg/ml merupakan waktu yang optimal untuk memperoleh tahap metafase pada MSC dari tulang sumsum mencit.Kata kunci : mecenchymal stem cell , karyotyping, colcemi

Kadar Leptin sebagai Petanda Diabetes pada Individu dengan Diabetes dan Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu

Leptin is an adipocitokin hormone, produced by adipose tissue that is associated with the increasing of type 2 diabetic risk. Uncontrol impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)in a person has a high risk of being diabetics person. The aim of the research is to measure leptin level in an individu with diabetes mellitus (DM) and IGT in the year 2011 and 2013 and also to compare the leptin level with their lifestyle. Methods of the research are using ELISA technique and analyze the lifestyle based on the public health data. The results show that leptin level in the diabetics person is equivalent with impaired glucose tolerance person, and leptin level between groups is not significantly different in 2011 and 2013. The odds ratio of smoke behavior shows no correlation with leptin level, but thebody mass index (BMI)-risk on DM and IGT person shows 2.3 times than normal. Exercise habits on diabetic and IGT persons show that their leptin level is of 1.22 times lower, and the normal persons\u27 leptin level is of 1.5 times lower than untreated persons with exercise. The result proves that exercises slightly decrease leptin level and also decrease the diabetes risk

THE EXPRESSION OF NESTIN IN THE INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION INTO NEURONS OF RAT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS BY NEUROTROPHIN-3 (NT-3)

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the role of NT-3 as a single neurotrophic factor in the expression of nestin in the neural differentiation of MSCs. Methods: MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and induced with NT-3 at concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 ng/ml for 7 and 14 d (the control was no NT-3). Nestin underwent immunocytochemical analysis on days 7 and 14. Five high-power random fields were documented. Results: A post-hoc analysis using LSD after one-way ANOVA test yielded a statistically significant difference in the percentage of nestin-positive cells in MSCs with NT-3 at concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 ng/ml for 7 d compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). The percentages of nestin-positive cells at concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 ng/ml, and in the control data on day 7 were 14.55±1.26%, 16.20±1.07%, 13.78±1.19%, and 9.81±0.79%, respectively. NT-3 at 25 ng/ml induced the highest MSCs neural differentiation on day 7 and remained constant until day 14. Conclusion: NT-3 plays a role in the early stage of differentiating MSCs from rat bone marrow into neurons, with the optimal concentration being 25 ng/ml

RETN Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Profile on Triglyceride-Glucose Index as Insulin Resistance Proxy Among Cohort Population of Non-Communicable Diseases in Bogor

Genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are thought to contribute to the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) through insulin resistance.  SNPs in the RETN (resistin) gene encoding the resistin protein have been reported to play a role in causing abnormalities in blood glucose and lipid metabolism.  Still, studies related to this have rarely been explored in cohort population models.  This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of resistin gene SNPs to the trend of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a proxy for insulin resistance.  The data were obtained from the results of the biomedical laboratory examination among participants of a cohort study in the Kebon Kalapa subdistrict, Bogor, every odd year period between 2015-2021 and from RETN genotyping (rs3745367).  The generalized linear model (GLM) repeated measurement technique was used with the TyG index value as the dependent variable.  The results of the GLM analysis showed that although there was a significant difference in the trend of the TyG index between the observation periods [F(2,87, 1671,1)=41,10, p-value <0.001], that’s not the case for RETN gene SNP [F(5,73, 1671,1) = 1.09, p-value = 0.367]. However, the multivariate test results suggested the association of these SNPs with age and DM status [F(4, 583)=2.48, p-value = 0.043].  In conclusion, RETN gene SNPs may require interaction with other factors or genes to induce insulin resistance or act by indirect glucose–fatty acid metabolic cycle mechanisms

Faktor Risiko Prediabetes: Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose (I-IFG), Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance (I-IGT) Dan Kombinasi IFG-IGT (Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013)

An increasing trend of prediabetes is observed worldwide due to lifestyle changes. Several determinantsand metabolic abnormalities have been associated with the condition, but deeper analysis regardingtheir causal relationship to exclusive criteria of prediabetes, namely isolated impaired fasting glucose(i-IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) and mixed IFG-IGT has not been done yet onnationwide data, particularly in Indonesia. This analysis using data extracted from the 2013 BasicHealth Research (Riskesdas) was performed to study associations among factors contributing toprediabetes. Bivariate and multivariate relationships were tested of i-IFG was found to be 20.4%,15.6% for i-IGT and 12.4% for mixed IFG-IGT. Substantial risk factors for i-IGT include: age ≥30years, female gender and fatty food consumption ≥1x/day. While determinants for i-IFG were agegroup ≥40 years, sweet food consumption &gt;1x/day, and drinking coffee ≥1x/day. As for the mixedIFG-IGT category, age group ≥45 years and obesity were found to be potential risk factors. Hence,prediabetes and associated factors become serious public health problems and require effectiveintervention related to age, gender and dietary risk behavior to minimize further negative impactsattributable to metabolic diseases

Dyslipidemia in Renal Dysfunction among Non-diabetic Individuals from the 2019 Indonesian Cohort Study: A Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) values in a healthy population without a history of diabetes mellitus. Data were part of the cohort study database of 2019. Data analysis was perfomed using descriptive and inferential statistics with linear regression in 893 of 1,545 non-diabetic participants. The results showed that the average cholesterol levels, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides were 196.75, 48.71, 123.37, and 109.56 mg/dl, respectively, and the average eGFR level of the respondents was 98.47±15.50 mg/dl. This study found that age, HDL levels, and LDL levels had a significant relationship with eGFR (p<0.05). It was concluded that increasing age and LDL levels and decreasing HDL levels would decrease eGFR

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