PartNet Methods Paper: Participatory Health Research Model (PHR-Model)

Das „Modell für Partizipative Gesundheitsforschung“ (PGF-Modell) beschreibt die Charakteristiken der Partizipativen Gesundheitsforschung in strukturierter Form. Es zeigt u. a. die mit der PGF einhergehenden Chancen auf, wie zum Beispiel die Entwicklung eines angemessenen Forschungsdesigns durch die partizipative Zusammenarbeit. Das Modell dient der Reflexion verschiedener Aspekte in partizipativen Forschungsprojekten. Im Forschungsprozess selbst kann es vielfältig und zu unterschiedlichen Zwecken eingesetzt werden. Ursprünglich wurde dieses Modell für die Community-basierte Forschung in den USA entwickelt. Nach einem umfassenden kontextuellen Adaptionsprozess kann das Modell nun auch in der PGF für den deutschsprachigen Raum eingesetzt werden. Das Modell unterscheidet vier Komponenten: (1) den Projektkontext, (2) die Projektstruktur sowie die Prozesse der Zusammenarbeit, (3) die Kernmerkmale des partizipativen Forschungsprozesses, und (4) die daraus resultierenden kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Wirkungen. Das Modell stellt einen Denk- und Reflexionsrahmen dar, der für die Bedürfnisse und das Konzept des jeweiligen Projektes angepasst werden kann. Es kann in vielfältiger Weise genutzt werden und dabei unterstützen, die Bedeutung der einzelnen Komponenten für das eigene Projekt zu bewerten. Das bedeutet, dass Anwender:innen bei Bedarf einzelne Aspekte des Modells vernachlässigen sowie neue Aspekte hinzufügen können. Die hier vorliegende adaptierte Fassung wurde in einem circa zweijährigen Arbeitsprozess innerhalb einer PartNet-Arbeitsgruppe erarbeitet und pilotiert. Die an diesem Prozess Beteiligten bewerten die Anwendung des PGF-Modells zusammenfassend als sehr gewinnbringend und weisen darauf hin, dass ausreichend zeitliche Ressourcen für die Anwendung benötigt werden. Die in Kapitel 7 beigefügten Steckbriefe mit den Anwendungsbeispielen stammen aus der Erprobung. Wir freuen uns, weitere Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung des Modells zusammenzutragen. Sprechen Sie uns hierzu gerne an: Ina Schaefer ([email protected]) oder Theresa Allweiss ([email protected]).The "Model for Participatory Health Research (PGF Model)" describes the core characteristics of participatory health research. The model highlights the opportunities associated with PGF, such as the development of an appropriate research design due to participation. The model is used to reflect on different aspects of participatory research projects. In the research process itself, it can be used in variable ways and for different purposes. Originally developed for Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), the model can also be used in PGF and has been adapted for the German-speaking context. There were four sectors in the model: (1) The project context, (2) the project structure as well as the processes of collaboration, (3) the core attributes of the participatory research process, and (4) the resulting impact on a short-, medium-, and long-term level. The model represents a framework of thinking that can be adapted to the needs and concept of the particular project. It can be used in many ways and helps to value the meaning of each sector for the own project. If necessary, single aspects can be added or neglected. The adapted version was developed in a nearly two-year process by a PartNet working group and the adapted version was proved. In summary, the PGF model is assessed as very profitable and takes time for application. The fact sheets with the application examples attached in chapter 7 originate from the proving. We look forward to collect further experience with the application of the model. Feel free to contact: Ina Schaefer ([email protected]) or Theresa Allweiss ([email protected])

Primary Care and Physical Literacy: A Non-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study to Combat the High Prevalence of Physically Inactive Adults in Austria

The multidimensional concept of physical literacy is fundamental for lifelong physical activity engagement. However, physical literacy-based interventions are in their infancy, especially among adults. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to assess the association of a physical literacy-based intervention with changes in self-reported physical literacy among inactive adults. A non-randomized controlled study (2 × 2 design) was conducted, comparing pre- vs. postintervention. Twenty-eight inactive healthy participants in the intervention group (89% female, 53 ± 10 years) entered a physical literacy-based intervention once weekly for 14 weeks. The non-treated control group consisted of 22 inactive adults (96% female, 50 ± 11 years). Physical literacy was evaluated with a questionnaire encompassing five domains: physical activity behavior, attitude/understanding, motivation, knowledge, and self-efficacy/confidence. ANOVA models were applied to evaluate changes by time and condition. Following the intervention, significant improvements were seen for overall physical literacy and in four out of five physical literacy domains, including physical activity behavior, attitude/understanding, knowledge, and self-efficacy/confidence (all p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.38–0.83). No changes by time x condition were found for motivation. The physical literacy-based intervention applied in this study may be a promising approach to help inactive adults to adopt an active lifestyle

Holistic physical exercise training improves physical literacy among physically inactive adults: a pilot intervention study

Abstract Background Physical literacy (PL), given as a multidimensional construct, is considered a person’s capacity and commitment to a physically active lifestyle. We investigated the effect of a holistic physical exercise training on PL among physically inactive adults. Methods A non-randomised controlled study was conducted. Thirty-one physically inactive adults in the intervention group (IG; 81% females, 44 ± 16 years) participated in a holistic physical exercise training intervention once weekly for 15 weeks. A matched, non-exercising control group (CG) consisted of 30 physically inactive adults (80% female, 45 ± 11 years). PL, compliance and sociodemographic parameters were measured. PL was evaluated by a questionnaire, covering five domains: physical activity behaviour, attitude towards a physically active lifestyle, exercise motivation, knowledge and self-confidence/self-efficacy. Data were analysed using ANCOVA models, adjusted for age, gender and BMI at baseline. Results At post-training intervention, the IG showed significant improvements in PL (p = 0.001) and in the domains physical activity behaviour (p = 0.02) and exercise self-confidence/self-efficacy (p = 0.001), with no changes overserved for the CG regarding PL and those domains. No intervention effect were found for the other three domains, i.e. attitude, knowledge and motivation. Additionally, for the IG baseline BMI was identified to be positively correlated with physical exercise-induced improvements in PL (β = 0.51, p = 0.01). Conclusions The results from this study are very useful for further public health activities, which aim at helping physically inactive adults to adopt a physically active lifestyle as well as for the development of further PL intervention strategies. This pilot-study was a first attempt to measure PL in inactive adults. Yet, a validated measurement tool is still not available. Further research is necessary to determine the psychometric properties for this PL questionnaire. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00013991, date of registration: 09.02.2018, retrospectively registered

Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a mural hematoma in a carotid or vertebral artery, is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults although relatively uncommon in the general population (incidence of 2.6/100,000 per year)(1). Minor cervical traumas, infection, migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors(1-3), and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described(3,4). No confirmed genetic susceptibility factors have been identified using candidate gene approaches(5). We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 1,393 CeAD cases and 14,416 controls. The rs9349379[G] allele (PHACTR(1)) was associated with lower CeAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.82; P = 4.46 x 10(-10)), with confirmation in independent follow-up samples (659 CeAD cases and 2,648 controls; P = 3.91 x 10(-3); combined P = 1.00 x 10(-11)). The rs9349379[G] allele was previously shown to be associated with lower risk of migraine and increased risk of myocardial infarction(6-9). Deciphering the mechanisms underlying this pleiotropy might provide important information on the biological underpinnings of these disabling conditions