Bullying and Victimization in Elementary Schools: A Comparison of Bullies, Victims, Bully/Victims, and Uninvolved Preadolescents

Research on bullying and victimization largely rests on univariate analyses and on reports from a single informant. Researchers may thus know too little about the simultaneous effects of various independent and dependent variables, and their research may be biased by shared method variance. The database for this Dutch study was large (N = 1,065) and rich enough to allow multivariate analysis and multisource information. In addition, the effect of familial vulnerability for internalizing and externalizing disorders was studied. Gender, aggressiveness, isolation, and dislikability were most strongly related to bullying and victimization. Among the many findings that deviated from or enhanced the univariate knowledge base were that not only victims and bully/victims but bullies as well were disliked and that parenting was unrelated to bullying and victimization once other factors were controlled.

Homotypic Versus Heterotypic Continuity of Anxiety Symptoms in Young Adolescents: Evidence for Distinctions Between DSM-IV Subtypes

Objective: to investigate homotypic and heterotypic longitudinal patterns of symptoms of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SoPh), panic disorder (PD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in young adolescents from the Dutch general population

Generation of Interpersonal Stressful Events:The Role of Poor Social Skills and Early Physical Maturation in Young Adolescents-The TRAILS Study

This study developed two specifications of the social skills deficit stress generation hypothesis: the "gender-incongruence" hypothesis to predict peer victimization and the "need for autonomy" hypothesis to predict conflict with authorities. These hypotheses were tested in a prospective large population cohort of 2,064 Dutch young adolescents. Social skills and pubertal timing were measured when the sample was about 11 years old, and stressful life events were measured 2.5 years later at follow-up. As predicted by the gender-incongruence hypothesis, poor assertion in boys and poor self-control in girls were associated with peer victimization. Consistent with the need for autonomy hypothesis, poor self-control was associated with conflict with authorities, in both boys and girls. Furthermore, early physical maturation exacerbated the effect of poor self-control on conflict with authorities for both genders. These specific associations provide more insights in the pathways that result in the experience of interpersonal stressors in young adolescents.</p

Sharing knowledge: a new frontier for public-private partnerships in medicine

To help overcome the bottlenecks that limit the development of diagnostic and therapeutic products, academic and industrial researchers, patient organizations and charities, and regulatory and funding institutions should redefine the basis for sharing the knowledge collected in large-scale clinical and experimental studies

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Background: Given the negative consequences of early alcohol use for health and social functioning, it is essential to detect children at risk of early drinking. The aim of this study is to determine predictors of early alcohol use that can easily be detected in Preventive Child Healthcare (PCH). Methods: We obtained data from the first two waves on 1261 Dutch adolescents who participated in TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) at ages 10–14 years and from the PCH records regarding ages 4–10 years. Early adolescence alcohol use (age 10–14 years) was defined as alcohol use at least once at ages 10–12 years (wave 1) and at least once in the previous 4 weeks at ages 12–14 years (wave 2). Predictors of early alcohol use concerned parent and teacher reports at wave 1 and PCH registrations, regarding the child’s psychosocial functioning, and parental and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A total of 17.2% of the adolescents reported early alcohol use. Predictors of early alcohol use were teacher-reported aggressive behaviour [odds ratios (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.86; 1.11–3.11], being a boy (OR 1.80, 95%-CI 1.31–2.56), being a non-immigrant (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.05–5.09), and low and middle educational level of the father (OR 1.71, 95%CI 1.12–2.62 and OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.16–2.70, respectively), mutually adjusted. Conclusion: A limited set of factors was predictive for early alcohol use. Use of this set may improve the detection of early adolescence alcohol use in PCH

Correction: Mental Health Problems and Educational Attainment in Adolescence:9-Year Follow-Up of the TRAILS Study (vol 9, e101751, 2014)

Background: This study examines if mental health problems at age 11 and changes in mental health problems between age 11 and 16 predict educational attainment of adolescents at age 19, overall and stratified by gender.Methods: Data from 1711 adolescents (76.8% from initial cohort) of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 9year follow-up, were used. Mental health problems (externalizing, internalizing and attention problems) were measured by the Youth Self Report and the Child Behavior Checklist at ages 11 and 16. Difference scores for mental health problems between age 11 and 16 were calculated. Educational attainment was assessed at age 19.Results: Externalizing, internalizing and attention problems at age 11 were significantly associated with low educational attainment at age 19 (crude model). When adjusted for demographic variables and the other mental health problems, only the association for attention problems remained significant (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval: 3.19, 2.11-4.83). Increasing externalizing problems between age 11 and 16 also predicted low educational attainment at age 19 (OR 3.12, 1.83-5.32). Among girls, increasing internalizing problems between age 11 and 16 predicted low educational attainment (OR 2.21, 1.25-3.94). For boys, no significant association was found for increasing internalizing problems and low educational attainment. For increasing attention problems between age 11 and 16 no significant association with low educational attainment was found.Conclusions: Externalizing, internalizing and attention problems at age 11 and an increase of these problems during adolescence predicted low educational attainment at age 19. Early treatment of these mental health problems may improve educational attainment, and reduce socioeconomic health differences in adulthood.</p

Preferential Transmission of the Alien Chromosome in a Durum Wheat-Agropyron Chromosome Addition Line

マカロニコムギ(Triticum durum cv. STEWART)に添加されたAgropyron elongatum, 2n=14の染色体e_1が常に次代に残される現象について取扱った。この現象はコムギゲノム内に生じた劣性接合子致死遺伝子の作用をe_1染色体が抑制することによって説明された。即ち, しわ種子は致死遺伝子をホモにもつ2n=28の種子で, 良種子はe_1染色体を含む添加型(2n=29)である。後者はe_1染色体による致死遺伝子作用の抑制のために, 正常に発芽し旺盛に生長する。しかし, 着粒種子の80%はe_1染色体を含まぬためしわ種子となり, 致死する。 / During an attempt to produce a set of substitution lines Agropyron elongatum (2n=14) to durum wheat cv. STEWART, a plant with 29 chromosomes was found in which a great majority of seeds set in a spike was shriveled and lethal. The selfed progenies of the plant had also 29 chromosomes and a lot of shriveled seeds without any exceptions. This implies that an alien chromosome continuously retains in the durum wheat background. From the observed segregation in F_1 and F_2 progenies resulting from the reciprocal crosses with the durum wheat, the preferential transmission might be explained as follows : 1. Zygotic lethal mutation has occurred spontaneously in wheat genomes. 2. An particular alien chromosome can suppress the lethal gene action. Therefore, it is possible that the alien chromosome, if present, makes the seed grow into matured plant. 3. The male gametes carring the lethal gene have an overwhelming competitive disadvantage to the normal gametes, but effect normally at the time of fertilization