Automorphic forms and rational homology 3–spheres

We investigate a question of Cooper adjacent to the Virtual Haken Conjecture. Assuming certain conjectures in number theory, we show that there exist hyperbolic rational homology 3–spheres with arbitrarily large injectivity radius. These examples come from a tower of abelian covers of an explicit arithmetic 3–manifold. The conjectures we must assume are the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and a mild strengthening of results of Taylor et al on part of the Langlands Program for GL2 of an imaginary quadratic field. The proof of this theorem involves ruling out the existence of an irreducible two dimensional Galois representation rho of Gal(Qbar/Qsqrt-2) satisfying certain prescribed ramification conditions. In contrast to similar questions of this form, rho is allowed to have arbitrary ramification at some prime pi of Z[sqrt -2]. In the next paper in this volume, Boston and Ellenberg apply pro–p techniques to our examples and show that our result is true unconditionally. Here, we give additional examples where their techniques apply, including some non-arithmetic examples. Finally, we investigate the congruence covers of twist-knot orbifolds. Our experimental evidence suggests that these topologically similar orbifolds have rather different behavior depending on whether or not they are arithmetic. In particular, the congruence covers of the non-arithmetic orbifolds have a paucity of homology

Correlations between the interfacial chemistry and current-voltage behavior of n-GaAs/liquid junctions

Correlations between the surface chemistry of etched, (100) oriented n-GaAs electrodes and their subsequent photoelectrochemical behavior have been probed by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. GaAs photoanodes were chemically treated to prepare either an oxide-free near stoichiometric surface, a surface enriched in zero-valent arsenic (As0), or a substrate-oxide terminated surface. The current-voltage (I-V) behavior of each surface type was subsequently monitored in contact with several electrolytes

For His Mother\u27s Sake

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4601/thumbnail.jp

Exploring Forecast Models for Day of Launch Winds

No abstract availabl

Topical TMPRSS2 inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in differentiated human airway cultures

Background There are limited effective prophylactic/early treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral entry requires spike protein binding to the ACE2 receptor and cleavage by TMPRSS2, a cell surface serine protease. Targeting of TMPRSS2 by either androgen blockade or direct inhibition is in clinical trials in early SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We used differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface to test the impact of targeting TMPRSS2 on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We first modelled the systemic delivery of compounds. Enzalutamide, an oral androgen receptor antagonist, had no impact on SARS-Cov-2 infection. By contrast, camostat mesylate, an orally available serine protease inhibitor, blocked SARS-CoV-2 entry. However, oral camostat is rapidly metabolised in the circulation, with poor airway bioavailability. We therefore modelled local airway administration by applying camostat to the apical surface of differentiated airway cultures. We demonstrated that a brief exposure to topical camostat effectively restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion These experiments demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for topical camostat for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2, which can now be evaluated in a clinical trial.SARS-CoV-2/human/Liverpool/REMRQ0001/2020 was a kind gift from Lance Turtle (University of Liverpool) and David Matthews and Andrew Davidson (University of Bristol). SARS-CoV-2 England/ATACCC 174/2020 was a kind gift from Greg Towers (University College London), and we are also grateful to Ajit Lalvani, Jake Dunning, Maria Zambon and colleagues at Public Health England and Giada Mattiuzzo at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls and Wendy Barclay and Jonathan Brown and all colleagues in the United Kingdom Research Institute funded collaboration Genotype to Phenotype. Sheep anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibody (DA114) was a kind gift from Paul Davies (obtained from MRC PPU Reagents and Services, University of Dundee). LnCAP cells were a kind gift from Charlie Massie. We gratefully acknowledge the support from Dr Ravindra Mahadeva and Ms Jacqui Galloway in establishing the primary cells from patients. We are grateful for the generous support of the UKRI COVID Immunology Consortium, Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust (15/20A) and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship (084957/Z/08/Z) and MRC research grant MR/V011561/1 to P.J.L. This work was supported by the NC3Rs NC/S001204/1 project grant and the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation grant (2015/10/McCaughan) to FM. This paper presents independent research supported by the NIHR Cambridge BRC. The NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) is a partnership between Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Cambridge, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care

The Lived Experience of Beginning Teachers Defining their Pedagogical Way of Being

This hermeneutic phenomenological study explores the lived experience of beginning teachers defining their pedagogical way of being. Many beginning teachers have found frustration and disillusionment during their first year in the classroom, leading to high levels of attrition. Those beginning teachers who remain in the classroom may develop a way of being that opposes how they are as an individual and that pulls them further from the students in their care. How do the individuals who experience this phenomenon make meaning of that experience? What insights about the preparation and support of beginning teachers can be drawn from these experiences? This research is conducted in the tradition of hermeneutic phenomenology, grounded in the work of philosophers such as Heidegger (1962), Gadamer (2006/1975), and Merleau-Ponty (1962). Drawing from these philosophers, van Manen (1997) provides a detailed process used to conduct this form of research. This methodology serves to uncover the essences of this phenomenon, eliciting lived experience through hermeneutic conversation. To uncover the nature of the lived experience of beginning teachers defining their pedagogical way of being, six participants were recruited from urban, suburban, and rural secondary public schools in a south central county in Pennsylvania. The phenomenological text from this study not only reiterates the often noted "challenges" inherent in the first year experience, but also identifies a language of beginning. I seek to understand this language by connecting it to the three Buddhist ways of being, which guides my questioning of the "basics" of the beginning teaching experience, offering a new way of being in the flowing language of becoming. The experiences shared by the participants in this study uncovered many insights that may assist those charged with the care of beginning teachers during the periods of pre-service "formation" and in-service "orientation." I suggest the importance of "reflective conversations" to elicit the language of beginning, facilitated by a caring mentor. As the languages of "blockheadedness" and "splitheadedness" emerge, varying supports may be implemented to permit reflection and growth